Genealogy Trails
Maricopa County, Arizona
Early Phoenix Industries

Mills House, E.M. Mills, proprietor.

There is no surer index of the business of a city than the extent and character of its hotel accommodations, and, estimating the city of Phoenix upon this basis, we can arrive at some correct idea of its growth and progress. There are, in this city, a goodly number of hotels, which, taken as a class, are equal to those of any city in the South or Southwest. One of the best of these is the Mills House, conducted by Mr. E. M. Mills, and none offers superior inducements to the traveling public.

Although built and opened so recently as March last, it at once assumed a high place in the estimation of the public, which place it has since continuously maintained. During this comparatively short period of proprietorship Mr. Mills has, by his politeness and care for his guests, as well as by the improvements he makes from time to time, constantly increased his patronage, until now the Hotel ranks among the very first in the city. The building, a two-story brick, 50x137 1/2 feet, is situated at the corner of Washington and Maricopa streets, in the center of the city, and within convenient distance of the railroad depot, the street cars for the various parts of the city passing the doors on Washington street.

The house is finely furnished throughout, and supplied with electric lights. The city water is carried to each of the fifty rooms by the latest modern methods. In short, every department of the house is complete, and no pains or expense is spared to make the sojourn of guests pleasant and comfortable. Ladies and gentlemen visiting Phoenix, either for business or pleasure, will find, at this popular house, the best of accommodations, the most polite attendance, and a table supplied with the best the market affords, and equal to that at any similar establishment in the city. The prices charged are reasonable, and within the reach of all.

Mr. Mills, though yet a young man, was for two terms a member of the City Council of Phoenix, and is now, as he has been for the past six years, Deputy United States Marshal. A native of Canada, he has been identified with the people of Phoenix for the past ten years, and is one of her most popular citizens.

Having had twelve years' experience in the hotel business, he possesses also, in an eminent degree, all the qualifications necessary for a successful manager. Space will not allow of all being said that is due to the proprietor of this popular house, but this much may be said, that, in every department of his house the most perfect system prevails. Mr. Mills is to be congratulated upon having infused so much of his own spirit through the establishment over which he presides with such rare ability, and in which he has achieved such signal success, ably seconded by his amiable wife, who is untiring in her efforts to please the guests, and sees to it that they are well treated and made perfectly comfortable. She is kind, affable and accommodating, and just the kind of wife for a hotel man to be proud of.

Turburt & Ming Manufacturing of, and Dealers in, Saddles, Harness, Etc

It is well known that rapid and comfortable conveyance from one point to another is one of the indispensable necessities to the business man in any well organized city. Whether his business be within the municipal limits, or beyond them, he has to have the means of rapid and comfortable locomotion at hand.

Especially is this the case in the Salt River Valley, where the agricultural and mining interests are so extensive and so widely separated.

To meet this manifest want in the needs of the Valley the business of Tulburt & Ming was organized three years ago, Mr. Tulburt being its founder. Two years later John 0. Ming joined him in the business, and the previous prosperity of the house has been not only continued but largely increased since his addition to the concern.

The firm carries a stock of the goods described above of .the value of over $8,000, and does a business of $20,000 annually. The sphere of their trade extends all over Arizona, and there is hardly a ranch, range, or orchard in the Territory where their name is not known and their workmanship seen and appreciated.

Their store is on Washington street, the main thoroughfare of the city, adjacent to the Hartford Bank. The firm has been characterized from the first start they made in business by ability and judgment, and their reputation stands to-day on the same high plane on which the}' took their stand at the beginning.

They have made it a point, in all the manufacture of goods, to use only the best materials and the very highest class of workmanship, consequently their reputation extends over the whole Territory. They have the most improved modern machinery' in use, and their workmen are the most skillful to be obtained anywhere.

Mr. Tulburt is a native of North Carolina and has resided in Phoenix for five years, while his partner Mr. Ming, who is a native of Missouri, has been in the city a little over a year.

Their business is thoroughly established and is rapidly increasing, giving the most flattering evidence of great and permanent success. The firm employs four skilled workmen, and their monthly pay roll amounts to $250. Too high commendation cannot be given to the partners for the excellent business tact and integrity they have shown, and their increasing hosts of patrons know by experience that they can always depend on getting a first-class article at a fair price from Tulburt & Ming.

O.W. Peters & Co., Hatters and Men's Furnishers

WITHIN the past decade, a most important change has been effected in the Men's Furnishing and Hat business of Phoenix. From small and unassuming proportions, this branch of industry has come to be considered an important factor in the commerce of the city.

The inconvenience attending delay and misfits, the advantages of procuring, at short notice, a complete outfit in this line, the ability to supply articles as good and as cheap as can be procured elsewhere, led to the inauguration of the establishment, a brief sketch of which is presented to the reader. Mr. Peters, representing the firm of Peters & Co., is a native of Canada, and has resided in Phoenix for two years past. He started the present business a year since, with a stock valued at $5,000. Having traveled for years for one of the largest Furnishing Goods Houses in the country, he brought with him one of the first requisites, a thorough knowledge of his business. This, backed by indomitable energy and enterprise, has placed his house in the first rank of the line of business he represents. His storeroom, 15x60 feet, is well appointed, and the arrangement all that can be desired. His trade includes the entire Territory. Mr. Peters acts as agent for Wanamaker & Brown, the Merchant Tailors, of Philadelphia. This house is a pleasant and profitable one with which to establish business relations, commanding the respect of the trade, and the high regard of the community at large.

The Valley Railroad Company

Among the conveniences of civilization, the street railway has become a necessity, even in small towns. Lines running through the business parts, and out into the suburbs, are well supported in all our thriving towns and cities. These lines enable persons of moderate means to select a suburban lot, erect a neat cottage and, while living somewhat in country style, and, in a semi-rural situation, yet enjoy all the advantages of those only a few blocks from the center of business who happen to be off the line of the street railroad. The children, too, may have all the privacy of a country home, and yet take the cars to school a mile or two away. Is there a lecture in the Opera House? You are only a few minutes from it. Is there a church service? The car carries you up to the door. Is there a circus or fair? The car is at hand.

Such a convenience is the Street Railway of Phoenix. The company was incorporated in 1889, at the last session of the Legislature. The President is M. H. Sherman, who is also Manager; the Valley Bank is Treasurer; and J. McMillan is Secretary. The lines are those of the Valley Street Railroad Co., the Phoenix Street Railroad Co. and the Park Co.

The established reputation of the men who are conducting this enterprise are a guaranty of its success, and its extension according as it may seem to be required. At present, there are about 7 miles in successful operation. It is hoped that great success will attend this enterprise, in the interest both of the public and of the company.

H.C. Davis, Real Estate Agent and mining Broker

Realty is the basis of all security," and the basis of all security, in real estate transactions, is found in the knowledge and probity of those through whom they are conducted. In the purchase of real estate or the taking of a mortgage, there are few buyers or lenders who are competent to pronounce upon the validity of a title; and hence all prudent men must secure, in such transactions, the services of an agent who is competent to investigate and decide upon these questions. Besides, this agent should be a man who has an established reputation for honesty and integrity. While transactions in houses and lands are no part of the mercantile business of cities, they are still so intimately connected with the growth and progress of the manufacturing and commercial industries, that references to the real estate interests cannot be omitted in a review like this.

Holding a prominent position among the real estate agents of this city is H. C. Davis, Esq., who has always borne a high character for fair dealing and ability. The business of Mr. Davis extends to all parts of the Territory and is conducted in such a manner as to secure the confidence of his patrons and the public. He is well supplied with maps, abstracts of title, and whatever is necessary to his business, and will answer promptly all communications addressed to him. People from abroad will find it to their interest to communicate with him before making purchases in Salt River Valley. His offices are at rooms 1 and 2, Porter block, corner Washington and Center streets.

P.F. Wilson, Watchmaker and Jeweler, Center Street

To attain success in the artistic and delicate business of Watchmaker and Jeweler, a combination of qualities are required such as few men possess. When, therefore, we find an individual whose work proves most conclusively that he has those qualities in a high degree, we are justified in regarding him as certainly worthy of the patronage of a discerning and appreciative public.

Mr. Wilson's success in meeting the demands of a city like Phoenix, has proved his skill and thorough knowledge of his business as a practical watchmaker and jeweler. Having come here five j^ears ago, he has had time to win the confidence and respect of the community—who have ever found him a punctual, reliable, courteous man of business.

Carrying a stock worth $3,000, with an amount of business per annum represented by $5,000, a trade extending beyond the city suburbs and far into the surrounding country, he needs no further evidence of his having given entire satisfaction to his numerous patrons.

St. Clair & Pratt, Washington Street

For the past two years the establishment of Messrs. St. Clair & Pratt has been a familiar resort of lovers of music and art in Phoenix. Occupying the spacious brick building 30x100 ft. on Washington street, the firm has at all times the best of musical instruments and supplies, jewelry and stationery, besides a fine collection of the Indian curios and pre-historic relics which are now interesting so large a portion of the civilized world. Messrs. St. Clair & Pratt make this branch of their business a specialty; and the courteous and affable manners of the gentlemen themselves and their employees render a visit to their establishment not only profitable, but enjoyable. Their average value of stock is $10,000, while the amount of business carried on per annum reaches $30,000. The business is wholesale as well as retail, and covering, as it does, not only the city and surroundings, but the entire Territory of Arizona, gives ample proof that the inducements this firm offers are fully appreciated by an intelligent and cultured people.

The Phoenix Water Co.

The first attempt to supply Phoenix with water was made in 1887, by J. J. Gardiner, who put in a small pump at his planing-mill and run two or three hundred feet of two and three inch pipe to the business part of the town. The venture proved a success and Mr. Gardiner was encouraged to put in a larger pipe which he did in 1888 and also increased his pump and tank capacity. The next year the City Fathers discovered that it was necessary to have an adequate supply of water for fire purposes and entered into a contract with Mr. Gardiner to furnish the city fifty fire hydrants to be supplied from a stand pipe at least one hundred feet high. Under this contract Mr. Gardiner organized the Phoenix Waterworks Co., with a capital stock of one hundred thousand dollars and put in the present water system; running at that time about nine miles of mains.

The Phoenix Water Co. operated the system till December, 1889, when a new company also known as the Phoenix Water Co. succeeded to the franchise and works of the old company by purchase. The new company have made extensive improvements, increased the water supply, raised the stand tower forty feet and in other ways are giving a very efficient service. Capital stock, $1,000,000.

The officers are : Thos. W. Hine, President; M. H. Sherman, Vice-President; Jerry Millay, Treasurer; B. N. Pratt, Secretary.

Arizona Improvement Company

To those away from the arid sections of our country, anything contributing to give them a fair idea of the improvements which are being made to bring the fertile, though arid, lands under cultivation, and utilize the treasures latent in the parched, but productive, soil must be of considerable interest. The Salt River Valley, in which Phoenix is situated, is 15x50 miles in area, and presents as fair a field for such operations, and yields as fine results as can be found outside of California. The long, wide and deep canals, aggregating over 300 miles in length, and capable of irrigating 190,000 acres of land are an assurance—to the rest of the world—that the people who are best acquainted with the dry sections, and best know the capabilities of the soil when supplied with the necessary water, have unbounded confidence in the future of these sections. When highly intelligent men, from all parts of our country, organize to develop lands heretofore comparatively useless, build towns, dig canals, build railroads, invest their capital in the lands, establish experimental farms and do all that capitalists have been, and are, doing in developing other sections that depend upon the uncertain rains, it is a warrant to the world at large that there is entire reliance to be placed on the permanence of the water supply, and all that pertains to the successful cultivation of the soil. The experimental farm, vineyard and orchard of the Arizona Improvement Company are a standing testimony to the great ease of propagation, irrigation and cultivation. In no section of arid lands is irrigation made so easy by the physical conformation of the country. The slope of the land being about seven feet to the mile, there could be no better plan devised than that which Nature has adopted for easy and successful irrigation.

The soil consists of the detritus washed into the valley from the mountainous sections adjacent, and is exceedingly fertile. That it is so finely pulverized shows that it has been the work of ages, and, in this respect, it differs from the alluvial soils of the rich bottom lands of rivers, which depend for their fertility on the vegetable matter deposited by the wash of the river. These soils are from two to fifteen feet deep and absorb the water in a natural and healthy manner. Finer soils to work in cannot easily be found.

The Arizona Improvement Company owns a controlling interest in all the canals on the northwest side of the Salt River. Its business is real estate and irrigation. It sells or rents lands, sells water rights, or rents them, and carries on the experimental farm. The Falls in the Arizona Canal give a fine water power, the whole body of water falling fifteen feet, perpendicularly, and the current of water having the velocity of a rapid stream. The capacity of all the canals can be more specifically given by particularizing. The Arizona Canal, 42 miles long, yields 50,000 inches of water, capable of irrigating 100,000 acres. The Grand Canal yields 10,000 inches, is 22 miles long, and irrigates 60,000 acres. The Maricopa Canal yields 5,000 inches, is 18 miles long, and waters 15,000 acres. The Salt River Canal yields 5,000 inches and irrigates 15,000 acres ; it is 18 miles long.

Land can be purchased from the Company at from $25 per acre up to higher prices, according to location. The water rent for such lands will be from $1.00 to $1.25 per acre annually.

The President of the Arizona Improvement Company is W. J. Murphy. The Vice-President is William Christy. The Secretary is W. D. Fulwiler, and the Treasurer is the Valley Bank. The office of the Company is in the Monihon Building. The capital stock, all paid up, is $3,000,000. It "was organized in 1887, and has been a power for* development, such as is much needed in the Territory. The officers and stockholders are first-class men who have come to stay, and are determined that this beautiful Valley shall " blossom as the rose." Their young orange grove is a convincing proof that the citrus fruits can be grown here in their perfection. This grove stood the unusual cold of the winter of 1889-90, when only a year had elapsed since the setting. In the same winter all the citrus trees in Florida, under five years of age, were either killed or seriously injured.

The Company is also experimenting with that rich and popular jelly fruit, the guava. The shrubs and bushes are doing well and the promise is good for this and other semi-tropical fruits.

Strangers, before leaving town, should surely go out to the Arizona Falls and the farm of the Arizona Improvement Company. A Southern gentleman, M. L. Smith, who is one of the largest orange and lemon growers in Eastern Florida, on visiting the Improvement grove in September, 1890, said that the safety and success of citrus culture was assured, from what he had seen.

The lands of this Company are among the very best in the world for citrus culture.

Byers & Ryder, City Planing Mills

In all cities noted for enterprise and for progress in commercial affairs and growth in population, there are no more efficient and substantial contributors towards those desirable ends than those branches of industry which are connected with the building interest. Through their enterprise and exertions and the practical knowledge of the proprietors, cities are built up, adorned and made attractive. In growing cities, men who are conversant with the planing-mill business, practically acquainted with its details, and, withal, energetic determined and industrious, are certain to succeed, and they are valuable acquisitions to its trade and aids in its progress. Such men are Messrs. Byers & Ryder, possessing, as they do, a thorough practical knowledge of the business in all of its departments, in a mechanical and scientific point of view—a knowledge acquired by a practical connection with the business for some time. This firm does a large business, employs seven hands, obtains its motive power by using a 45 horse-power engine, and, besides doing planing, makes door and window frames, mouldings, brackets and all kinds of woodwork at short notice. It also does scroll-sawing and turning. The mill and workshops are on Jefferson street, opposite the City Hall. Their principal building is 50 x 1.37 1/2 ft. and is fitted up in modern style with planers, scrollsaws, mortising and tenon machines, lathes and all that is necessary to do good work. Their trade extends into all parts of the Territory, and is rapidly growing. They are enterprising citizens, and their thorough practical knowledge and experience, coupled with energy and legitimate business principles, have gained for them an honorable position among the manufacturing and prominent business men of this growing city.

H.W. Ryder, Lumber Dealer

In the endeavor to make, on these pages, some historical record of those commercial firms which have contributed to the importance and standing that the city of Phoenix now holds in the mercantile world, we find none more worthy of notice or special consideration than the above. This enterprise was started some ten years since by Roberts & Ryder, H. W. Ryder assuming the business in 1881. He deals in lumber, doors, blinds, sashes, lime, hair, plaster and cement, paints and oils, and is doing a successful business. He carries a large stock and does a business of $75,000 per annum. He occupies half a block on the south side 5f the Plaza, where he keeps a fine assortment of well seasoned lumber and a full supply of all things in his line of trade. He is the sole agent for the Pish Bro. wagons, with a branch house at Tempe. He is a native of Massachusetts, has lived in Phoenix 12 years, and has won his way by his courteous manner and fair dealing. He employs five assistants, and transacts business with residents in all parts of the Territory. His business will no doubt keep pace with the growth of the city and country.


Tantan & Kellner, Wholesale and Retail Grocers

These names have been prominent in trade circles in Phoenix for the last five years. There are few that have exercised a greater influence in business circles during that time, than this firm.

Doing a wholesale business with all parts of the Territory, they are well known as honorable dealers and prompt in fulfilling all that they promise or undertake. Their groceries and general merchandise are carefully selected, and are sufficiently extensive to meet all the»demands of the city and country, of the business man, the farmer, the fruit-grower or the stockman. The average value of the stock carried is about $15,000, and the annual business amounts to .|80,000. They are situated on Washington street, using the first floor and basement, 30x50 feet in dimensions.

Mr. Tantan is a native of Germany, and has been in Phoenix twelve years. Mr. Kellner is a native of Texas, and has been in Phoenix the same length of time. Combining their capital and business ability in 1885, they have, since then, built up a large and prosperous business which is rapidly increasing. They are courteous gentlemen, and take a lively interest in the development of this county and city.

R.G. Andre, Saddles, Harness, Etc

One of the industries of the city of Phoenix which exercises a most favorable influence upon her commercial prosperity is the branch in which the above-named gentleman is engaged. There are but few branches of trade that contribute so greatly to the imperative demands of all classes of people and whose goods are so indispensable in an extensive stock country like Arizona. Mr. Andre's business was founded in 1883 upon an assured basis of capital. As far as ability and business management are concerned, this gentleman is too well known to need commendation at our hands. The goods manufactured by this house are of the very best possible- quality, and the material used is only that capable of bearing the most trying tests, everything in the way of modern appliances being found in the establishment.

Mr. Andre is a native of France, but has been a resident of this city for seven years, during which time he has been engaged in his present branch of trade. He is not only fully Americanized, but is one of our most patriotic Americans, being not only Captain of Company B, National Guards of Arizona, but its successful organizer. His' trade, which is co-extensive with the bounds of the Territory, has become firmly established as the result of superior workmanship as well as business ability.

Hotel Vendome

As the central point in Southern Arizona, and the capital of the Territory, Phoenix commands a position that imperatively calls for first-class hotel accommodations of large capacity, and under able management. In this regard, the city will be found in all respects capable of maintaining a reputation equal to that of any other leading city of the country, being in the possession of several houses unsurpassed in their appointments and the excellence of their supervision; all of which tends greatly to increase the comfort of guests and visitors.

In confirmation of these assertions, it is only necessary to refer to the Hotel Vendome, recently built and established, but modeled after the best appointed hotels in the line of travel.

It was opened by the proprietor, Mr. G. M. F. Herrett, in October, 1889. No hotel in the city is better located to suit the traveling public, as well as the commercial traveler, it being situated but one block from the County Court House, on Washington street, and equally accessible to the retail and the wholesale trade. It is also convenient to the railroad depot, as the street cars for that point pass its doors. These facts are never overlooked by a discriminating public, as the patronage of this hotel amply testifies. All the modern conveniences and appliances are also brought into requisition to support its claims to pre-eminence in interior comfort.

The furnishing is superior; and all the rooms are papered with fine gilt paper. The twenty guest rooms, single and en suite, are well lighted, and ventilated in the most approved style, and free baths are furnished to all guests. In short, this house is a first-class family hotel.

The building is an ornament to the city, being a handsome brick structure, two stories in height.

The genial proprietor, Mr. G. M. P. Herrett, is a native of New Brunswick, and, as one of Phoenix's well known citizens, is noted for his cordial and courteous manners, and untiring efforts to win an enviable reputation for his house.

As Phoenix is rapidly becoming a winter resort, by reason of its charming climate, many will find a desirable abiding place at the Vendome, and, during the winter months, it will be extensively patronized, no doubt, by Northern tourists. The attendants are experienced in the business, and, under their courteous and able manager, cannot but accord to the guests all the polite attention and care which contribute so materially to their comfort and entertainment.

As one of the best equipped hotels in the city, an emblem of her growing prosperity, the handsome and reliable Hotel Vendome is confidently recommended.

The "Arizona Gazette"

To the Press of the country much of its prosperity is due. This is singularly true in the Southwest. In new countries where the population is sparse, resources undeveloped and transportation meager, the great majority of the labor of development devolves upon the enterprise and energy of the newspapers. It is under such circumstances and surrounded by such conditions that the great leverage of the Press comes to be known and esteemed.

The upbuilding and development of the great Salt River Valley is largely due to the courage, the determination and the never failing efforts put forth by the press of Phoenix ; and the Arizona Gazette, published in the city of Phoenix, has always taken a leading part in the great work. Other industries would cease, hard times would somewhat discourage men in their maiden efforts, but like the pendulum of the ancient clock in the tower of Strasburg, the Gazette went on in its efforts of good work. Born, as it was, when Phoenix and the Salt River Valley were in their infancy, it, from the date of its first issue, many years ago never ceased to tell to the outside world that of all of the choice lands of the earth, none ever has, or could be, superior to the flowery dales of this beautiful land. From a village of a few hundred inhabitants, the Gazette has seen Phoenix emerge from the obscurity that surrounded it in its youth, till it, by almost the unanimous choice of the people of Arizona it was chosen as Arizona's capital city, and during those varied changes the paper has always maintained its position as the leading daily newspaper of Arizona. Although Democratic in politics, it has never stultified itself or insulted the people with whom it was associated, by supporting an unworthy man because of his politics. Its owners and managers, Col. C. W. Johnstone and J. 0. Dunbar, have ever aimed to make it a journal that would command the respect and confidence of the people of the Territory, and that it has thus succeeded is demonstrated by the fact of its being the best-paying and most widely known newspaper in Arizona.

Mr. Dunbar has had many years' experience in nearly every department of journalism, and it is conceded that, as a concise, vigorous and successful writer, he has few equals in the West ; with a command of language that is surpassed by few in the profession, a capacity to judge of public men and measures, and the courage and manhood to express his convictions in English that never fails to be comprehended, he stands, to-day the peer of any newspaper man on the Pacific Coast.

Colonel Johnstone, while his attention is wholly devoted to the business department of the Gazette, yet is a man of fine ability, and a writer that could command attention in any city in the Union. Those gentlemen are known far and wide in the profession, and it is not saying too much, to assert that one of the very best newspaper properties in the Southwest, and one that will make its mark in the future history of the State of Arizona, is the Arizona Gazette.

A paper that is fearless for the principles of the right, and tireless in its devotion to the best interests of Arizona—such a newspaper is the Gazette ; and, under the admirable management of Messrs. Johnstone & Dunbar, its determination to stand as one of the foremost dailies in the Southwest will surely be realized.

E.E. Powell, Operta House Drug Store

Every branch of science has contributed, and is daily adding, to the long list of general and specific remedies which enter into, and contribute to, the development of the drug trade. A prominent house in this line, in Phoenix, is that of Mr. E. E. Prowell, on the Opera House Block. Although established as recently as April, 1890, the business has been conducted with marked success, and this house does, already, a large amount of business, and has assumed a prominent position among the leading drug stores of the city.

The premises occupy one floor, 20x60 feet, and are well fitted up for the expeditious transaction of the wholesale as well as retail business carried on in the city and surrounding country. The stock of the establishment, worth about 14,000, embraces the most complete assortment of goods in the drug line, the list including every article that belongs to the trade, and also the well-known proprietary medicines, and- all those goods generally denominated "druggists' supplies and sundries." Mr. Prowell makes it a point to deal in none but the best class of pure drugs, chemicals and medicines, which are selected with the utmost care. He is a thorough business man, and skillful druggist. Coming here from Oregon less than a year ago, as a Phoenician, he has won the esteem of all, in commercial, financial and social circles. The celebrated No. 7 Liniment is manufactured by Dr. Prowell, both here and in Portland, Oregon. It is a wonderful pain cure, and must be used to be appreciated. Don't fail to call for a bottle.

Talbot & Hubbard, Wholesale and Retail Hardware

The special branches of commercial industry pursued by the dealers in hardware and kindred supplies are of such importance, and, withal, are so conducive and necessary to the industrial advancement of the community, as to be deserving of special mention. Among the firms engaged in this line of trade, none is more prominent or occupies a more substantial position than Messrs. Talbot and Hubbard. Their place of business is located on Washington street, three doors east of Center. Their commodious building 25x140 feet, contains the most complete stock of general hardware, cutlery, tools, iron, steel, wagon wood, etc., to be found in this section.

This live house was established in May, 1888, and does both a wholesale and retail business, three experienced hands being fully employed all the time. Its trade extends over nearly the entire Territory, and it is counted among the most substantial business enterprises of the city.

The members of the firm are Mr. Geo. E. Hubbard, of Michigan, and Mr. Walter Talbot, a native of Massachusetts, who has been a resident of Phoenix the past three years, and enjoys an enviable reputation as one of the city's most successful merchants, as well as one of her most reliable citizens.

Commercial Hotel, G.H N Luhrs Proprietor
Commercial Hotel

A Review of the most interesting features and enterprises of Phoenix would be incomplete without a description of her principal hotels; and among these the Commercial occupies the leading place, being in all respects the most modern and completely fitted out and best equipped in the Territory. This house was opened to the public in December, 1886, by Messrs. Herrick & Luhrs.' In the following year it was greatly enlarged to meet the demands of its rapidly increasing patronage, until now it is one of the finest and most commodious in the Territory, having 60 large and elegantly fitted up bedrooms, where 100 guests can be accommodated comfortably. The dining-room is 40x65 feet, and can seat 200 people. The table is, at all times, supplied with all the delicacies of the season, served in a manner to please the most fastidious taste. The waiters are polite and attentive, and do everything in their power to please the guests of the house. The building has a frontage of 137-J feet on Center and 101^ on Jefferson streets, and is three stories in height, making it one of the most imposing structures in the city. It is lighted by gas throughout, and has a large parlor for the special accommodation of its lady guests. The office is on the first floor, and immediately adjoining it are the reading, billiard, and bar rooms, all fitted up in the most elegant style.

The proprietor, Mr. G. H. N. Luhrs, who bought out his partner on October 27, 1890, is a gentleman of great business ability and rigid integrity; and is well and favorably known all over the entire western country. Mr. Luhrs was elected Councilman from his ward for two years, and is, at present, one of the Commissioners of the Insane Asylum. He is also an active member of the County Chamber of Commerce, being one of the nine directors of that honorable body. With such a gentleman as Mr. Luhrs giving its management his personal direction and supervision, it is no wonder that the Commercial has gained, and retained, the good will of its guests and of the community at large.

The L.W. Blinn Lumber Co.

The rapid and substantial growth of Phoenix and the Salt River Valley has created a large field for the operations of lumber dealers; and the practicability of shipping an unlimited amount of all kinds to the points where buildings are being erected, enables the lumber merchant to supply all demands at fair prices. In the absence of the N. & S. R. R. the citizens of Southern Arizona must look to the west for their present supply. The L. W. Blinn Lumber Company is doing its part toward supplying the. demand for first-class lumber, well seasoned and adapted for immediate use. This Company was formed three years ago, under the above title. Mr. C. A. Hooper is the President, Mr. E. F. Burrell the Secretary, Mr. Geo. W. Hooper the Treasurer, and Mr. L. W. Blinn, General Manager. The Phoenix office is on Washington street and their yards are at the Maricopa Depot. A side-track of the road runs through the yards, which are 2.50x300 feet in dimensions, and are always filled with a well selected stock of all kinds of lumber used in building, bridging or fencing. The Company does a large wholesale business throughout Maricopa and the surrounding counties. By great care in purchasing, and honorable methods in dealing, this firm is fast winning its way among its competitors to a success at once gratifying and well-deserved.

Mr. R. C. Markley, the gentlemanly agent at Phoenix, is a native of New Jersey, but has been in business here

The Western Investment Banking Co.

Choice and eligibly located properties are more than ever sought for by conservative capitalists, and in their investments they rely greatly upon the advice, assistance and superior knowledge of our leading brokers and agents. Prominent among these is the firm incorporated under the title of the Western Investment Banking Co., organized March 4th of last year, with an authorized capital of $100,000. This company is located on the corner of Washington and Mohave streets, in the business center. Besides doing a general banking business, and dealing in loans, investments and real estate, the company are agents for the Sun Insurance Company of London, the Anglo-Nevada Insurance Company, the Connecticut Insurance Company, the Niagara Insurance Company, the Agricultural Insurance Company, the Lancashire Insurance Company, and the Travelers Life Insurance Company. Their field of operation covers the whole of the United States. The books of the Company give descriptions of the best available bargains in city and country real estate. It also effects exchanges, procures loans at the lowest rates upon bond and mortgage, makes collections at reasonable rates, and has fine facilities for writing policies of insurance in the most substantial companies named above; in fact, it is fully prepared to meet all requirements in a prompt and satisfactory manner, being noted for the most honorable business methods.

It may be added that this is the oldest real estate agency organized in Phoenix.

The Phoenix Electric Light Co.

Foremost among the wonderful inventions of the age is the marvelous system of illumination known as the electric light. It stands side by side among scientific improvements and discoveries with the electric telegraph, the telephone, the generation and application of steam, and other great trophies which inventive genius has wrested from nature's great treasure house of knowledge. Without going into details as to the peculiarities of this marvelous system, it may be stated that the arc is a light of great intensity. Concentrated in one small spot and eminently suited to the illumination of long areas of space, particularly factories, where there are no perpendicular obstacles to cast large shadows, it is employed in public building, hotels and squares, and its radiance, notwithstanding its brilliancy, does not fatigue or injure the eye. The incandescent is a small, soft, steady light of the brightness of a large gas jet, and is especially adapted for both domestic and factory purposes. These two systems are radically distinct, a fact which must be borne in mind when comparing the arc with the incandescent.

The Phoenix Electric Light Company was organized in 1888, with ample capital, and has for its officers some of the best known and most popular business men of the city. The plant covers six lots, and the station is a fire-proof structure 30x40 feet in dimensions. The machinery is driven by a seventy five horse power engine, and when running at its full capacity, produces 45 arc and 600 incandescent lights. All of which are of the Brush manufacture. The business has been a success from the very beginning, and a bright future (literally as well as figuratively) is undoubtedly ahead of the company.

Maricopa Loan and Trust Co. Bankery

A bank is an institution authorized to receive deposits, loan money, etc., and the business dates back to the earliest antiquity. Banking was introduced into England in the 17th century, where it was carried on by the goldsmiths of London, who seem to have borrowed it from Holland. On May 17, 1781, a plan for a National Bank was submitted to Congress by Robert Morris, of Pennsylvania, and the bill passed May 26th the same year. On December 31st of the same year, the new Congress incorporated the stockholders. The old Bank of the United States came into existence in 1791, and was wound up in 1811. The second Bank of the United States, organized by Act of Congress in 1810, was wound up in 1840. Subsequent to this date, and prior to the act of 1864, all banking institutions were chartered by the States and were known as States Banks.

The development of the resources, the increase in natural products, and the progress and advancement of our commerce and manufacturing interests, bringing about a system of exchange, which rendered the State system crude and slow, necessitated an improvement in facilities and a uniformity of system in the banking operations of the country. The National Banking system was enacted June 3, 1864, which, in the opinion of financiers of great experience and marked ability, was a decided improvement on the old systems of this country and Europe.

Among the numerous institutions of this kind in Phoenix, there are none more notable for their business sagacity than the Maricopa Loan and Trust Company. Their business includes general banking, savings banks, and dealing in mortgage securities.

The President is J. W. Spaulding; Vice-President and Manager, Jerry Millay; Cashier, M. E. Spaulding; Assistant Cashier, T. W. Hine.

This Bank transacts business throughout the United States and Europe. It was begun in 1888, with a capital stock of 1100,000, all paid up.

It is located on the corner of Montgomery and Washington streets. The building is of brick, and the arrangements are in keeping with the business. To show the standing of the Company, financially, they report a surplus of 120,000. The President, J. W. Spaulding, is a non-resident. Mr. Millay, the Manager, is a native of Maine, and has resided here eight years. Mr. Spaulding, the Cashier, is also a native of Maine, and has been here three years. Mr. Hine is of the same nativity, and has resided here eight years. This Bank has, from its organization, wielded a controlling influence on the finances of this section; an influence uniformly of a beneficial character—consistent of course with its successful management. Its policy has always been to keep its business entirely within its control, to keep its resources available for any emergency, and to allow no temptation to lure it beyond the line of absolute safety, its officers believing that conservatism in banking is the great balance wheel which keeps the whole commercial machinery of a community always in good working order. This institution merits the confidence of the public in Arizona. With such well known men as J. W. Spaulding as President, Jerry Millay, Manager, M. E. Spaulding and Thos. W. Hine, Cashiers, and H. W. Adams, Thos. W. Hine, Herbert H. Logan, Jerry Millay and M. E. Spaulding as the Executive Committee, the future of the Bank is well assured.

The Valley Abstract Co.

Any one taking into consideration the immense transactions between buyers and sellers of real estate in this county cannot fail to realize the importance of the agent as operator between the parties transacting business.

One of the livest and most thoroughly reliable firms engaged in this land is that of The Valley Abstract Company. Incorporated in 1887, they are doing the largest business of any company in the Territory in searching records and furnishing abstracts of title to land. In addition to this they act as agents for nonresidents and are resident agents of the Brooklyn, Phoenix and American Fire Insurance Companies.

The Board of Directors of the Company consists of William Christy, Cashier of the Valley Bank, E. H. Hiller, Cashier of the Hartford Banking Company, Sam P. Webb, one of the most prominent capitalists, ranchers and stock-raisers in the Territory, C. H. Moore and B. A. Fickas.

The last named is the President of the Company, and was born in Indiana. He came to this Territory fifteen years ago. In 1881 he was a member of the Territorial Council, and, since that time, has filled various positions of trust in the Territory. He came to Phoenix about four years ago, and has, since that time, spared no expense or labor in perfecting the books of the Company.

C. H. Moore, the Secretary of the Company, is a native of England. He came to the United States in 1875, going directly to Southern California, where he soon engaged in the Abstract business, and learned practically everything connected with this complicated and difficult profession. He came to Phoenix four years ago, and this Company has had the benefit of the vast knowledge he acquired and has used in perfecting the unique system of abstracts belonging to the Company.

One of the important features of the work of the Company is their daily reports of instruments filed for record in the office of the County Recorder.

Their steady application to business, their thorough acquaintance with the city and county, and their complete lines of abstracts enable them to accommodate all applicants with promptness.

Phoenix Flour Mills, Roller Process

The Milling Interest," as it is called, constitutes one of the chief sources of revenue to the commerce of Phoenix. Under the new order of things, the "Garden City of the Southwest" is rapidly forging to the front in this direction, and will one day become the most extensive "Milling City" in the "New West." As a representative establishment, in this line, the Roller Mill of Mr. J. Y. T. Smith, is one of which any city should be proud. The business is just begun, but the quality of the flour cannot be surpassed by the older establishments, the fine, dry air of Arizona enabling the miller to use the best grain for flouring. The motive power is obtained by using a 60 horse-power engine, with boiler of 54 inches by 16 feet. The mill is 32x.50 feet, and three stories high. The engine house is 14x50 feet, and the flour warehouse 28x50. Mr. Smith also has a large warehouse for the storage of grain. Mr. Smith was a member of the Territorial Legislature for three terms, Speaker of the Territorial Assembly and School Trustee. He is now Territorial Treasurer. He was born in New York, and has lived in Arizona since 1866. He employs five hands, and pays liberal wages. His mill fills a long felt want in this part of the Territory. A visit to the mill will convince anyone that the proprietor is not satisfied to be behind the age, but wishes his manufactory to turn out as good an article as any other similar establishment in the world. Tireless energy, unceasing vigilance, and persistent perseverance are the elements counted on by him for success.

W.F. McNulty & Co Grocers

In looking over the history of any country, and especially any new country, one is frequently struck with the remarkable strides in advance which some cities have made over others, the reason being the greater liberality in policy and enterprise in improvements of their citizens. In the same way in cities one finds that some citizens far outstrip others in the race for wealth and business success. The cause is the same in the one case as in the other. Phoenix shows numerous instances of such successful, because enterprising and progressive, business men. Prominent among such is the firm whose name is mentioned above.

Mr. McNulty established his business in 1881. It has thriven in a remarkable manner, standing unshaken by all the serious drawbacks which are incidental to all new sections, and of which Arizona had more than the normal share.

In 1889, Mr. C. F. Chapman was taken in as a partner in the business. The average amount of stock carried is $3,000, and the yearly sales amount to $20,000.

Mr. McNulty was born in New York and has been in Arizona fifteen years. He has been County Recorder four years, and has fully identified himself with the interests of the place.

Mr. C. F. Chapman was born in Alabama, and has been here two years. The firm occupies a commodious brick building on Washington street near the Plaza, and is ready at all times to fill orders for cash in their line of business. All of the operations of the house are under the immediate supervision of the proprietors, and the promptitude with which business is dispatched is a warrant of continued success. The firm is in every way worthy of the extensive patronage which it receives, and the confidence which the public reposes in it.

Goldman & Co, General Merchandise

Tn preparing for the perusal of readers, both at home and abroad, historical and descriptive notes on the representative industries and commercial enterprises of the Territory, it is important to select typical institutions and establishments, more particularly those whose success has made them prominent and gained for their proprietors leading positions in the mercantile circles of each city.

The firm of Goldman & Co. takes high rank as a leading house in general merchandise. With a branch house at Tempe, they are controlling a large business, both wholesale and retail. The firm consists of Charles and Leo Goldman, and has been established since 1874. They carry an average stock of $100,000, and do an annual business of $400,000. They employ fifteen hands, and their pay roll is commensurate with the number of their employes. Their main store is 50x137 1/2 feet. Their agricultural department occupies a room 150x137 1/2, and the depot warehouse is 50x150, and is of brick.

Their branch house at Tempe is doing a wholesale business, and both houses are agents for the Studebaker Bros.' far-famed wagons. With regard to so well known a house but little can be said that is not already known of its importance as a mercantile industry ; and a detailed description is therefore unnecessary beyond giving the plain facts connected with its operations.

Goldman & Co. are the sole agents for the celebrated Maggioni Francesco Kid Glove, formerly handled by P. Centemeri & Co. It is the most perfect fitting and best wearing glove sold in the world.

Phoenix and Prescott Daily Stage Line

As the purpose of this business review is to describe the important industries, for the benefit of our people, as well as tourists who visit the country, it is essential that mention be made of the Company whose name heads this article.

This line was started about sixteen years ago, and came into the hands of the present proprietors in 1890. They run stages daily between Phoenix and Prescott on two different routes. The one, via Black Canyon, makes the 110 miles in 24 hours ; the other, via the Congress and Vulture mines, a distance of 150 miles, takes 32 hours to accomplish. Both carry the United States Mail. The Company have 10 stages, 70 horses, and employ 20 men. The drivers are competent and reliable. Messrs. W. L. and R. B. George are the proprietors. Mr. J. B. George is the Manager. The Phoenix Agent is Mr. C. W. Greenleaf and the Prescott Agent is Mr. W. L. George, Jr.—all well and favorably known along the entire route. Messrs. W. L., R. B., J. B., and W. L. George, Jr., are all natives of Kentucky, but for the last four years have lived in Arizona, and are closely identified with the progress and improvement of this, their adopted home. Through long experience in every detail of their business, and a high reputation for integrity and fair dealing, they are justly entitled to the confidence and patronage of the traveling public.

Farmer's Irrigation Co.

Some two and a half miles southwest of the City of Phoenix, the canal of this company, with a capacity of fifteen thousand miner's inches, or two hundred and fifty million gallons of daily flow, takes its water from the north bank of the Salt River, feeding, with its hundreds of ditches, as fertile a range of country as can, perhaps, be found on the habitable globe. Gradually leaving the river, its course, though westward, is more northerly until it crosses the Agua Fria River, embracing some ninety square miles of a garden spot.

The land covered by this canal is about the most choice in this fertile valley—or rather, sloping plain-In this sparsely settled region, strange as it may seem, land can be purchased at fifteen to twenty dollars an acre, which in a better known country would readily bring ten times the amount, and be considered cheap, much of it having been taken up by poor settlers, who would sell half their holdings to enable them to fully develop, at once, the remainder. The soil is a rich alluvial, from ten to fifteen feet deep, and capable of producing oranges, lemons, figs, grapes, cereals of all kinds, and sending its products to market three weeks to a month earlier than the most favored spots in California.

The climate of this section has no peer in the world for healthfulnes. No bugs, caterpillars or locusts, to destroy or injure crops, no fogs, no frosts, no malaria, no fever; and these lands contain a wealth of producing power, at a minimum of cost, which, once it becomes fully known, will promptly increase their value and importance, it is safe to say, tenfold.

Arizona and Eastern Colonization Co.

This Company, with a capital of half a million dollars, has for its object, the providing of homesteads in the Salt River Valley for the thrifty settler, at lower rates of expense, in any and every way, than he could do it alone, securing him water for irrigation, tools and implements, seed, etc., on easy terms of payment, thus protecting him from the usurers and land sharks which are such a curse to newly settled districts.

The Company clearly sees that the great need, at present, is, in some measure, on a secure basis, to bring the thrifty farmer in contact with this fertile region, where the result must inevitably be the production of immense wealth, increase of values, and general prosperity. Their mode of procedure is on the co-operative and installment principle, which has proved so successful in the East. Each settler is a member of the Company, and entitled to his share of the profits accruing from its operations, inconstantly increasing values. This principle bids fair to far outstrip, in its results, the pernicious methods of "booming" the country, which have been adopted in California, wasting money by exaggerated and expensive advertisements, which money has to be drawn from the working public.

E. Ganz, Wholesale Dealer in Liquors and Tobaccos

One of the most reliable, as well as among the largest establishments in the liquor and tobacco line in the Territory, is that of E. Ganz, situated on Washington street, the most prominent business street in Phoenix. He carries an excellently selected stock of fine goods, embracing leading brands of imported and domestic liquors, such as brandies, gins, rum, wines, etc. His stock of old Kentucky whiskeys represents some of the leading brands of that great whisky-producing State, and must be tasted to be thoroughly appreciated. He is sole agent for Anthony & Kuhn's celebrated St. Louis Imager Beer. He also carries a large and well assorted stock of chewing and smoking tobacco, carrying an average stock of about $6,000. His yearly sales will amount to the handsome sum of from $35,000 to $40,000. His storeroom is a handsome brick structure, 25x50 feet in dimensions.

Mr. Ganz is one of the best known and most popular men in the Territory, having been twice elected to fill the important office of Mayor of Phoenix, and having served one term as Commissioner of Asylums for Arizona, both of which offices he filled with credit to himself, and to the perfect satisfactions of the community.

F.A. Hartwell, Artistic Photographer

The progress that has been made within recent years in the art of photography is nothing short of marvelous. The methods, the apparatus, and even the manner of posing, all are, virtually, revolutionized by the march of progress, and methods and improvements closely approaching perfection, are now employed. In no photographing establishment is this more strikingly illustrated than in the gallery of Mr. F. A. Hartwell, of this city. Coming here from Tucson, but a year and a half ago, Mr. Hartwell has built up a business already acknowledged to be the finest in his line of any in all Arizona. The high order of work done, the uniform satisfaction rendered to his patrons, together with the unmistakable business capacity, energy and sound judgment which characterize the management of this deservedly popular establishment, have been the chief features contributing to the positive and permanent success Mr. Hartwell to-day enjoys. The business, already large, is constantly increasing, and is very extensive, being restricted only by the boundaries of Arizona. The premises, of brick, and 75x25 feet in dimensions, are favorably situated on Maricopa street, opposite the City Hall, in the center of the city's busiest business portion. The rooms are finely fitted up spacious and commodious.

Mr. Hartwell, whom is a Canadian by birth, is a man of keen intelligence, courteous and gentlemanly manners, and of the highest integrity.

P. Minor, Artic Ice Manufacturer

In the region of Lake Superior, where the soil freezes to the depth of six feet, and the ice, near the shore, attains a thickness of four feet ; and where the blocks of "crystal coolness" can be seen floating in the lake in July and August, and the water, dipped from the lake, takes the thermometer down to 50° Fahrenheit, there seems little call for the manufacture of ice for family use. Indeed, none is needed for more than three months in the year ; but all the warmer sections south of the Ohio and the parallel of 40°, feel the need of the great cooler, for from six to nine months in the year. Before the invention of artificial ice in quantity for general use, people were glad to get it in localities where it cost them three to eight cents per lb. Now, this precious commodity is to be had in all towns and hamlets, at a price that brings it within the reach of all.

The Arctic Ice Manufactory of Phoenix, is an enterprise that has come to stay. The latest improved machinery is used, and the ice is made of condensed purified water. The freezing of the water is effected at about 12 degrees Fahrenheit, when running steady, and the result is pure Arctic ice. Thus artificial ice may be made as much below the freezing point as the appliance produces a greater cold. All this inures to the benefit of the consumer, since 50 lbs of ice at zero is worth much more than 50 lbs at 32". It is the cold we are after. Therefore the producer of Arctic ice not only gives us a cheaper article, but a purer one.

This Company can produce six tons a day. Their works are run by an engine of 12 horse-power. Their building is 46x80. They employ five hands. Mr. P. Minor established these works in 1887. He has been in Arizona 12 years, and is thoroughly identified with this city's best interests, and always ready with hand and purse to aid in any enterprise looking to the public good. He has a large number of steady customers, who have dealt with him for years, and possess every confidence in his judgment and honesty. With such a past, it is to be hoped he may long continue in his position as one of our representative business men. G. M.

E.M. Lamson, Business College

The Commercial College sustains the same relative position to the world of trade, commerce and finance, as the normal school does to school teaching, the law school to the legal profession, the theological seminary to the clergy, the medical college to the physician, West Point to military men, and Annapolis to those who are in training for the naval service.

The Lamson Business College is a comparatively new departure in the educational field of Phoenix, having been started as recently as September, 1889. In this short time, however, it has won a reputation for thorough practical business methods, equal to many of the old, well established institutions of the East. Professor Lamson's circulars and testimonials from high sources, show him to be well qualified in ability, culture, and experience to fill his important position in training our young men for business with credit to himself and advantage to his pupils. He was a teacher in the public schools of Lake County, Illinois, for two and a half years ; one of the instructors in the great Bryant & Stratton Business College, Chicago, III., for four and a half months ; Secretary of the Lakeside Business College for a time ; and Principal of the Watertown Business College, Watertown, Dakota, for three years. His Institution affords superior training in the various departments of a symmetrical commercial education, qualifying for an intelligent engagement, on the part of the graduate, in business pursuits of all kinds, and for the successful conduct of public and private affairs. It is open to both sexes, and all ages, and provides a separate academic course, embracing the usual studies of such a course. In addition to these, Mr. Lamson conducts a commercial night school, three evenings in the week, also an evening school for Penmanship.

Professor Lamson is a native of Illinois, and has had an experience of eight years in this kind of educational work. His building is centrally located in the Monihon block, and has accommodations for one hundred pupils.

Professor Lamson enjoys an honorable reputation as a business man, and a citizen having shown himself, invariably, an upright, conscientious, courteous gentleman, winning the confidence of all who know him.

He is recommended to the public as a first-class teacher of bookkeeping and penmanship—in short, of all commercial branches, and Phoenix is proud to recognize him among her most successful and popular educators.

Henry E. Kemp & Co., Hardware, Etc.

A large wholesale and retail house contributes in an important degree to the advancement of a city by its large business interests, the employment it offers, the certainty of supply and its contributions to the convenience of the population of the city in which it is located, and surrounding country. Such an establishment is that of Henry E. Kemp & Co. on Montezuma street, just west of the City Hall. Hardware of all kinds, wagons, buggies, plows, mowers, harvesters, and everything the farmer, builder or mechanic needs are in stock in full lines.

This business has been established five years. The firm carries a very large stock and does an annual business of $150,000. It employs six hands, and its trade extends to all parts of the Territory.

The partner of Mr. Kemp is Emory L. Grant, who also thoroughly understands the business. The main building of the firm is 50x100 feet and their implement depot 80x150 feet. Mr. Henry E. Kemp was, until quite recently, president of the Chamber of Commerce, and is fully identified with the business, educational, civil and political interests of the City of Phoenix and the Territory of Arizona. Mr. Kemp and Mr. Grant were both born in Wisconsin, and inherit the push and enterprise characteristic of the natives of that thriving State. The success they have already attained is an abundant guaranty for the future. The popularity enjoyed by this firm is the best testimony to their honorable and fair dealing.

D.H. Burtis, Stoves, Tinware, Etc.

As a branch of industry peculiarly successful in Phoenix, and forming an important factor of the commerce of the city, the plumbing and tinware trade ranks high, and those engaged therein are entitled to more than ordinary consideration in the compilation of a work having for its object a historical review of the mercantile and industrial resources of the city. The business in which Mr. Burtis is now conducting was established in 1884, and has had a steady growth up to this time, being fully entitled to a place among the live business enterprises of the city. His orders come from nearly every part of the Territory and are promptly filled. He makes a specialty of work for the various mines and mills scattered among the mountains and hamlets, and is ready to supply everything needed in his line.

Mr. D. H. Burtis was born in Illinois, and has been here seven years. He employs 12 hands and carries on a business of many thousands annually. His store and workshop are 30x125 feet on the ground floor, and his warehouse is 40x60 feet.

Mr. Burtis has a well-earned reputation for fair and honorable dealing, is entirely reliable and responsible, and all his transactions are marked by a careful regard for the interests of his patrons. His success is assured.

Phoenix Iron Works

No place of much size is fully supplied with the necessities of civilization without such works as the above, including foundry and general work in iron and brass. To this the agriculturist must come for repairs, the mechanic for his fittings, the miller for his castings and the miner for his machinery. Even a small establishment is of invaluable service, as it furnishes a thousand things on the spot which would, otherwise, have to be sent for to a distant city. Such an establishment is that of Mr. G. R. Williscraft, on Yavapai street, Phoenix.

His factory and yard cover half an acre, and are well adapted for the purpose for which they are used, The business was started in August, 1889, and has been very successful from the start. Mr. Williscraft's patrons come from all parts of the Territory, finding it to their interest to do so. He has in use a 40 horsepower engine, giving ample power for his foundry. He does a general foundry business in iron and brass, makes to order pumps, well cribs, scrapers and land levelers, repairs agricultural and mining machinery of all kinds, and furnishes, on short notice, irrigating pumps, water wheels, engines, boilers, and machinery of every description. The Pioneer Works are of great value in a new country, and should be liberally patronized.

Mr. Williscraft is a native of Canada, and has been in business in Phoenix for the past two years. He is a young man of energy and ability, and a bright future is undoubtedly before him.

The Valley Bank, Washington Street

In reviewing the business progress and industries of any city, her banks, as the depositories and principal lenders of the money on which her prosperity depends, naturally demand the greatest attention. Phoenix is fortunate in possessing institutions which, in all respects, compare favorably with any in the Territory; and among these we find the Valley Bank. This bank was established on the 28th of November, 1883, as a National Bank, and continued so till April, 1884, when it was incorporated under the Territorial law as a corporation. The capital stock is $50,000, all paid up, the surplus in the last statement (April 9, 1890), was $40,000, but by the time this article is in print it will be $50,000 or more. Following is the statement referred to :

STATEMENT OF THE CONDITION OF THE VALLEY BANK, AT CLOSE OF BUSINESS, APRIL 9, 1890.
Resources
Loans and discounts ............ $166,482.04
Overdrafts, ................................. 9,637.86
Real Estate, ............................... 6,477.30
Furniture and Fixtures, ............ 3,000.00
Expense, ................................... 1,509.04
Due from Banks, .................... 27,252 55
Cash, ...................................... 39,887.68
                                              $254,246.47
Liabilities
Capital Stock, .........................$50,000.00
Surplus, .................................. 40,000.00
Undivided Proits, ....................... 3,969.34
Re-discounts, .......................... 10,000.00
Deposits, ................................150,277.13
                                              $254,246.47
Territory of Arizona,  }
County of Maricopa,}
I, Wm. Christy, Cashier of the Valley Bank, of Phoenix, Arizona, do solenanly swear tliat the above statement is true to the best of my knowledge and belief, WM. CHRISTY, Cashier. Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 10th day of April, 1890. E. J. BENNITT, Notary Public.

Following are the officers of the bank : Andrew Crawford, President; M. H. Sherman, Vice-President; William Christy, Cashier; E. J. Bennitt, Assistant Cashier. The Directors are : A. Crawford, Wm. Christy, F. C. Hatch, E. J. Bennitt, M. H. Sherman, M. W. Messenger.

A general banking business is transacted, the correspondents being in the principal cities of the United States and Europe. The premises occupied are large and commodious, being 16 feet, fronting on Washington street, and running back 100 feet. The building is well fitted up for the rapid transaction of the business and the comfort of its patrons. The officers are all well known in and out of business circles. With such a personnel, and the prestige of an honorable past, the future of this bank is well assured.

C. Eschman & Co Apothecaries

The name of this house is fully identified, and may be used synonymously with the progress of the drug trade in this city. This trade, in any city, is one of the most important factors in the general make-up, and exercises an influence not exceeded by that of any other branch. The leading house of this class in Phoenix, is that of Mr. C. Esehman, and has been in his charge since 1883. With regard to so well known a house, but little can be said that is not already known, of its importance as a mercantile industry, beyond giving an outline of its operations.

Mr. Esehman occupies a large, fine, conveniently arranged building of brick, 30x60 feet in area, whose doors will be found open day and night, to accommodate the public. His stock, which embraces drugs of all description, patent medicines, and a full line of toilet articles, is estimated at $10,000 in value. He employs a competent assistant, and does an extensive business throughout this city, and all over the Territory, his annual transactions reaching $18,000. Mr. Esehman is a native of Germany, and has lived in this city for the past seven years, having, during a portion of, that time, occupied the important offices of Public Administrator and Coroner. He brings to his business a professional experience of 21 years, and states that he is the only graduate in Pharmacy in the city. He can be confidently recommended as a thoroughly reliable man of business, and of great skill in his profession.

Hewins & Craighead, Real Estate and Insurance Agents

Any one taking into consideration the immense transactions between buyers and sellers of real estate in this city, cannot question the importance of the agent as operator between parties. One of the livest and most thoroughly reliable firms engaged in this line of enterprise, is that of Messrs. Hewins & Craighead. This firm commenced operations in 1889, and is conducting an extensive business in buying and selling real estate, furnishing the most reliable of abstracts, negotiating loans on long time and at short notice, and placing insurance in the best companies in the United States, Messrs. L. E. Hewins and G. W. Craighead compose the firm. These gentlemen have been here long enough to become fully acquainted with every piece of property, to learn the choice locations and the value. Their fine, spacious oflice is found on Montezuma street, in the Anderson Block, where those who call upon them are always treated with the courtesy which marks the true gentleman everywhere. In both social and business affairs, these gentlemen well deserve the honor and respect accorded them, as possessing those qualities which go to make up cultured intelligence, and honorable and reliable business character and reputation.

Geo. B. Perkins, Real Estate and Loans

The intelligent reader will hardly need to be told what important factors the transaction of real estate business and the lending of money to be used for purposes of improvement and development, are in securing the rapid settlement and speedy progress of a newly settled city or district. The fact is self-evident, and, it, further, goes without saying that an essential condition of the success, alike of that city or district and of the person who conducts the line of business referred to, is that lie be strictly honorable and reliable, known for integrity and square dealing and be, in short, the very opposite of an insatiable land-shark or a grasping usurer.

There are other qualifications, no doubt, necessary, as well, to the equipment of a successful real estate dealer and judicious negotiator of loans. Activity, energy and constant watchfulness in observing the fluctuations of the market are indispensable to success. It is also necessary that the man engaged in this line of business be quick to know exactly what his prospective customer wants and to show him readily what will exactly suit him—this requiring not only a natural gift of reading human nature but also an amount of experience which it is not given to every man to possess or acquire.

Mr. Perkins who now is sole partner in the business named at the head of this article has been in the country five years, during the last four of which he was associated with Mr. Coble under the firm name of Perkins & Coble. Mr. Perkins has, thus, had ample opportunity to thoroughly acquaint himself with the nature, quality and capabilities of all the land in the valley and his reputation has been established for years as a thoroughly reliable as well as a courteous and obliging business man in whose hands the interests of any one who entrusts him with his business will be absolutely safe. He is an enterprising, public-spirited and therefore, prominent citizen. He has ample capital to give stability and security to his business and will always be found ready and willing to give every facility and accommodation to any one wishing to gain information about the lands of the Salt River Valley. Mr. Perkins is a native of Utica, N. Y. His office is situated two doors west of the Hartford Bank, on Washington Street, where he has a carriage always ready to convey visitors to view any property which they may be desirous of inspecting with a view to purchase.

Williams Hotel, Maricopa

Maricopa is a town of about 300 inhabitants. It is situated at the junction of the Southern Pacific and Maricopa railroads, 892 miles from San Francisco, and 37 miles from Phoenix, the terminus of the Maricopa road. The most important institution in the town is the Williams House. It is the eating house for both roads, besides being a regular hotel with 12 sleeping rooms and a large dining-room with a capacity for seating 50 people at one time. A fine bar and billiard saloon are attached to the house, where guests waiting for trains can pass the time pleasantly. The proprietors, Messrs. Perry M. and Cyrus M. Williams are both clever and accommodating, and see, in person, that all their guests are made comfortable.

Besides keeping the only hotel in town they are large land owners, owning 1,000 acres immediately surrounding the town. They are also largely interested in the mining and stock industries, being the owners of no less than 12 mines within 35 miles of Maricopa, some of which show ore equal to any in the Territory. They buy and sell cattle, fruit and vine lands, and have a large assortment of Indian curios always on hand for the inspection of tourists.

The hotel is a frame structure 44x50 feet, two stories high, and, being new and well equipped, is a pleasant place to stop.

Both the proprietors are natives of Wisconsin. Perry M. came to Arizona seven years ago and Cyrus M. three years ago. They are thoroughly identified with the business interests of this, their adopted, home, and are ever ready to do anything in their power to advance its interests. Their business has been a success from the beginning, both being well known, in and out of business circles, as honorable and reliable gentlemen. Their future success is thus fully assured.


Maricopa and Phoenix Railroad

Previous to the year 1887, the only means of transportation between the Salt River Valley and the outer world was by train to Maricopa, a station on the Southern Pacific Railroad, about thirty miles nearly directly south of Phoenix.

In the beginning of the settlement of the valley, its principal market was found in supplying the military posts scattered throughout the country to which its supplies of hay and grain were also distributed by team. A few mining operations were also contributors to the welfare of the valley by absorbing its productions, such as the Vulture in the northwest, and the Tiptop and Phoenix mines more directly north.

Upon the building of the Southern Pacific Railroad, it was discovered that the military posts which had been the chief reliance of the farmers of the valley could be supplied more economically from Southern California. Operations at the mines also failed, or were very nearly entirely suspended, so that, in the years 1884-1836, the problem which confronted the people of the valley was, "What is to be done by way of securing additional means of transportation ?

About this time, or even earlier, Judge De Forrest Porter, then a resident of Phoenix (since deceased) with others, saw the necessity of an outlet by rail, and mainly through his efforts, ably backed by those of other prominent residents of Phoenix and Tempe, a charter was obtained from the Legislature with authority for the County of Maricopa to issue a subsidy to assist in building a railroad to the Southern Pacific Railroad connection, which eventuated in the construction of the existing Maricopa & Phoenix Railroad.

At about the same time, the construction of the existing Arizona canal had been so far advanced that it was evidently about to be' a success, and, as an addition to the existing problem came the question as to what should be done with the largely increased products of the valley incident to the cultivation of the lands to be supplied with water from this canal.

Although the question of the charter and the subsidy had been Utterly opposed before the Legislature, these considerations led to general acquiescence in the results there obtained, and a new means of transportation was thus secured.

As soon as this object was attained, the people of the valley began to make use of it, a new impetus was given to business, values increased, the assessed valuation of the County of Maricopa was in 1885, $2,266,772 in 1886, $2,343,.310, rose to 13,276,209, in 1887, to $4,060,922 in 1888, in 1889 $4,844,901, and in 1890, the current year, amounted to $5, .543,904.

All this increase was chiefly made possible by the building of the railroad. Previously, the cost of transportation by team between the Salt River Valley and the Southern Pacific Railroad varied from 25 to 60 cents per 100 lbs. At the present time, for the year 1890, the average rate of freight has been from Phoenix and Tempe to Maricopa 10 1-10 cents per 100 lbs.; from Maricopa to Phoenix and Tempe, 16 4-5 cents per 100 lbs., the products of the valley being carried at the lowest rates of freight.

With the opening of the new railroad began a competition with Southern California for supplying the markets of southwestern Arizona, New Mexico and Texas with agricultural products, resulting in a complete establishment of the fact that the Salt River Valley is amply able to hold its own, shipping at least forty carloads per month of hay and as many more of grain, competing also in the articles of flour and bran shipping by the carload hay and bran to Southern California itself. It now delivers to the Southern Pacific Road at Maricopa a very large amount of traffic in tonnage, more than is received from that road.

In addition to the means of transportation by railroad, the people of Salt River Valley are now building, by private subscription, a wagon road to the Bradshaw mining region which will enable them to ship out their products to the northern part of Arizona, and supply the mining region at much less expense than has heretofore been done.

It is expected that this road will soon be superseded by a railroad. In addition to this, steps are now being taken to secure a wagon road to Globe, which will be followed by an additional demand for the products of the valley, which are yearly increasing to a very large extent.

Source: Arizona A Review of its Resources H.C. Stinson and W.N. Carter Compilers 1891

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