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Nestled away in the rolling hills of the Franklin County area of southern Illinois
lies the forgotten town that in 1904, was only a breath away from being the nations capital.
It was here that in 1901 the Chicago multi-millionaire named Levi Zeigler
Leiter, and his son Joseph brought the family fortune and began building
a small empire.
After buying 8000 acres of land, Joseph began sinking the coal mine that would become the original headquarters
for the nationally known Zeigler Coal Company.
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Leiter was so sure that his mine would be the largest and the most modern, he
used champagne instead of water to mix the cornerstone concrete with. For good measure he threw in a couple expensive
diamond rings and his gold watch into the mix. Engraved in the cornerstone was the date of 2004, because Leiter
claimed his mine modernization would be a hundred years ahead of its time.
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In 1903 Joseph began clearing the land around the mine, and with a blank check and
the blessing of his father, and the support from his wealthy friends from Chicago, Joseph began making plans for
the future.
Among the Leiter family friends were super-rich Palmer Potter, Marshall Field, and George Pullman, who together
made up a very large portion of the nations wealth. Along with the wealth came the prestige and power that could
open a lot of important doors, and one of the doors that was always open, were the doors to the White House where
the President often granted political favors through large financial contributions. The Leiters had contributed
large sums of money to the presidential campaign of Theodore Roosevelt, and the time had come for them to call
upon the President for a pay-back political favor. There was not enough satisfaction for the Leiters in the claim
of getting Roosevelt elected President of the United States, because they wanted something that would elevate them
to the very top of society and overshadow everything others had accomplished.
In 1880 George Pullman, the owner and founder of the Pullman railroad car and coach company, had built his own
company town just south of Chicago, and the Leiters saw an opportunity to do the same thing in Franklin County.
President Roosevelt always considered himself a country boy at heart and had a love for hunting and fishing, and
the Leiters knew they had the area that would satisfy the Presidents favorite pastime. Here on the Leiter property
in Franklin County was an abundance of quail and ducks, buffalo and deer, and plenty of rabbits and squirrels,
and they knew it was perfect spot for the President to live.
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Joseph hired the same architect who had laid out the design for Washington DC, to
come to Franklin County to design the town he planned to build.
The design would be likened to the nations capital with a circle and streets running from it like spokes from a
wagon wheel. As Leiter began building his town, he decided to name it ZEIGLER in honor of his father's middle name.
The Leiters and their rich friends knew it was time to flex their powerful financial muscles and call in the political
favors, and attempt to convince the President to move the White House and the nations capital to the Leiters Franklin
County town of Zeigler.
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The political contacts were made and the lobbying began, and the wheels were put
into motion for the big move to have Zeigler as the nations capital. Everything seemed to be moving in the right
direction for the Leiters, and Joseph opened his coal mine on June 8th, 1904 and brought the first load of coal
to the surface. His future now looked brighter than ever, but it would be short lived.
The very next day after the mines grand opening, Joseph's father died from a rare heart disease, and Joseph's future
suddenly began looking dim. Not only was his future in jeapordy, but the blank checks that he had enjoyed for the
most of his life would probably be in jeapordy, and his chances of getting the Presidential White House moved to
Zeigler, died with his powerful father.
Labor problems with the KKK and the unions began to take a toll on the man who claimed that he would always operate
"union free," and it came to the point where he had to struggle to protect his own property. He built
a large fence around his mine that resembled a army fort, and mounted large search lights and several large calibre
"Gattling Guns" around his mine and the towns entrances, and issued orders to the gun slinging thugs
he had hired as security guards, that they were to "shoot to kill" any trespassers.
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Joseph continued to build his town which consisted of a large two story colonial
style office building in the center of the circle, and a large personal home that was located along with a company
store on the circle. He built schools and a hospital, and donated land so the local churches could be built.
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Joseph's "master & slave" attitude finally led to
his downfall in the coal industry, and after a few severe mine explosions, he got out of the business in 1910 and
leased his holdings to the Bell and Zoller Coal Company. His dreams and plans were shattered, and he returned to
Chicago and continued to be very successful in other businesses.
Bell and Zoller kept the town of Zeigler moving in a forward progress, and reached its peak in 1926 when it boasted
a population of nearly 7000 residents, 3500 employees, and 174 business.
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When the great depression hit the nation, few people in Zeigler recognized the impact of it. The Bank of Zeigler
was one of only a few banks that survived the depression, by flying in gross amounts of money from St. Louis. In
an effort to show investors their desire for survival, the bank officials ask for, and received special permission
and special plates from the US Treasury department and printed their own money and put it into circulation.
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The business began moving from Zeigler, and with the decline in the coal business,
so did a lot of the residents.
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During the early 1940's a Memorial Board was erected on the circle that honored
the men who were serving in the military.
It is surprising that the small town of Zeigler provided over 450 men to the military during the war efforts, and
the board was later replaced with a stone monument that honored those who lost their lives in the wars.
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As the years passed the demand for coal continued to dwindle as did the population of Zeigler. Today the town has
a population of 1700, and is a mere shell of what it once had been. Today there is not a trace of the large coal
mine, the mine office in the circle, or the hospital and company store. The large home Leiter built for his residence
has been remodeled and is still located as a private residence on the circle. Once in a while the name of Joseph
Leiter may be mentioned in a conversation between history buffs or from an elderly resident, but to the younger
generation, Zeigler is just the small town where they live. They have no idea that their town was once within a
human breath of becoming the home of the Presidential White House, and the nations capital.
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Approximately 550 Zeigler photographs of the towns original buildings
and early settlers dating from 1900 to 2000 have been collected by the people of Zeigler who put 100 of the best
photos together in two volumes, and have donated them to the city of Zeigler. A historical book of Zeigler titled,
"THE TOWN THAT BIG JOE BUILT"
has recently been completed by this writer and copies have been donated to the Zeigler Women's Club who will have
them for sale in the very near future.
For more information about the town and its history, log on to the Zeigler website at http://www.zeigleril.com
©2005, Raymond D. Null
arden@mychoice.net
 
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