JOHN H. ADAMS, one of the pioneers of Clay Township, is a native of Hamilton County, Ohio; born December 27, 1826. He is the youngest son of John H. and Matilda Adams, both natives of the" Old Dominion." His father was a trader, and followed flat-boating on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. In 1828 he resolved to give up the business, but while on his last voyage he was stricken down with the small-pox, and died on the boat. His widow, with her two children, came to Taylorsville, now Selvin, Warrick County, Ind., where she married again. In 1836 she died, leaving our subject homeless. He then lived with William Carter until he was sixteen years of age. He then worked out as a day laborer until his marriage to Mary Crawford, October 26,1851, after which he located on a farm on Section 17, Clay Township. October 9, 1861 he enlisted in Company F, Fifty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until January 9, 1863, when he was honorably discharged on account of injuries. He took an active part in the famous battle of Shiloh. He returned home, and remained until September 29, 1864, when he re-enlisted in Company H, Thirty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until July 2, 1865. He participated in the battles of Nashville and Bentonville, N. C., and numerous lesser engagements. He and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. They have had nine children, five of whom, William F., Israel A., John L., Epaminondas, and Idella, are living.

FRANCIS M. ALLEY, a native of this county, was born August 27, 1836, and is the oldest son of Samuel and Millie (Cooper) Alley, natives of North Carolina and Kentucky, respectively. His father, who was a farmer, located in Spencer County, where his death occurred August 31, 1851. His mother died in July of the following year. He remained at home working on the farm until his marriage, November 3, 1857. He chose as a partner Ruth Varner, by whom he is the father of eight children, five of whom are living. In November, 1864, he was drafted for service in the United States army, and was assigned to Company E, Thirty-eighth Indiana Infantry. He remained in active service until his discharge in June, 1865. He now owns 165 acres on Section 4, of Clay Township, where he has a good home. November 19,1883, Mrs. Alley died, and on March 5, 1885, he was united in marriage with Mary L. Colby. Both he and wife are members of the Baptist Church, and are highly esteemed by the community in which they live.

ALONZO L. AYER, a prominent farmer, came to Spencer County in 1858, and bought a farm in Hammond Township, where he lived upward of thirteen years. He then sold his farm and went to Wayne County, Ill., remaining one year, after which he removed to Kansas and entered a "soldier's claim." In a few months his house with all its contents was destroyed by fire, leaving the family nothing but the clothes on their backs. After another two years' residence in Illinois, attended with much sickness in his family, he returned to this county and bought forty-three acres where he now lives. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, Forty-second Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and took part with his regiment in the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Nashville and Atlanta. In the last-named campaign he was overheated by forced marching, and has never fully recovered from its effects. Mr. Ayer was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, May 6, 1834. His parents were Isaiah and Sarah (Martin) Ayer, natives of Maine and the " Old Dominion." His father was a ship carpenter by trade, and died about 1843. His mother died about three years later. Alonzo received only a limited education in youth. July 9, 1858, he married Missouri J. McLane. They have six children. Both he and wife are members of the United Brethren Church.

WILLIAM BERGMAN, a farmer of Clay Township, is a son of William and Mary B. Bergman, both natives of Hanover, Germany. His father, who was a farmer, came to the United States about 1830, locating in Kentucky, where he has since lived. His mother died about 1878. William was born in Louisville, Ky., January 24, 1843, where he received a common school education. In 1871 he removed to Spencer County, where he purchased eighty acres of land in Section 10 of Clay Township. November 9, 1871, his marriage with Mary Reckweg was solemnized. One child, Frederick, was born to this union. Mrs. Bergman died in May, 1875, and he was united in marriage with Mary Schriefer February 22, 1877. To them three children have been born. Politically Mr. Bergman is a Democrat. He is a member of the Lutheran Church.

HARMAN H. BAHN, a native of Hanover, Germany, at the age of thirteen, came with his parents to the United States and located in Cincinnati, where he was employed in wagon-making and as a salesman in a lumber yard until 1852. He then came to Spencer County, where he bought the farm of 160 acres in Section 15, Clay Township, where he still resides. He has since bought and owns eighty acres in Section 16. He is the eldest son of Richard H. and Margaret Balm, both natives of Germany. His father worked at shoe-making in the winter and the stone-mason's trade in summer. July 28, 1851, Mr. Bahn was joined in marriage with Mary Barters, and to them ten children have been born, John, William, Mary, Anna (now Mrs. John H. Bowman), Henry and George are the only ones now living. Mr. Bahn and wife are members of the Lutheran Church, and he is also an Odd Fellow. In politics he is very conservative, always voting for principle and not for party, though in national issues he usually goes with the Democratic party.

JOHN F. BRINKMAN, an old and well respected citizen of Spencer County, is a native of Hanover, Germany, born November 18,1819. He is the oldest son of John C. and Catharine (Verner) Brinkman, both of whom passed their lives in their native country, Germany. Our subject was reared at home, receiving an ordinary education. He remained in his native country working as a day laborer, receiving about $15 a year, until 1843, when he came to America. He located at Cincinnati, where he worked as a day laborer for upward of ten years. Becoming weary of city life, he determined to seek the country, and accordingly in 1853 came to this county, where he bought eighty acres of land where he still resides. He has added 150 acres to his first purchase, and now has a fine home for himself and family. In September, 1847, he married Margaret Olman, who died July 4, 1848, leaving one child, Henry. On November 28 of the same year, he married Mary Tonnemacher. They have had eleven children, eight of whom are now living They are John H., Margaret (now Mrs. Paul Kanzler), William A., Harman H., Addie, John R., Minnie A. and Annie R.

JAMES B. BRYANT, M. D., one of the prominent physicians of the county, was born August 21, 1859. He is the second son of James H. and Rachel (Hesson) Bryant, natives respectively of Kentucky and Indiana. His father who is also a physician, came to Spencer County in 1833. It was only .by the strictest economy and perseverance, that he succeeded in procuring an education. In 1847 he was appointed Recorder of Spencer County by Gov. Whitcomb, vice W. V. Pierce resigned. He served only a few months when he also resigned the office, and enlisted in Company E, Fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, as a private, and served throughout the Mexican war. After the war, he returned home and resumed farming. In 1848 he was married, and in 1851 began the study of medicine with Dr. J. A. Stuart, and was a close student for two years. His means not being sufficient to support him, he followed other pursuits until he was able to enter the Iowa Medical College at Keokuk. In 1851 he located at Huntingburgh, and remained until 1859, when he removed to Geutryville. In 1861 he raised a company of volunteers for the Forty-second Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He led his company in several engagements, the principal ones being Perry ville and Stone River. In March, 1863, on account of ill health he resigned his commission, and resumed the practice of his profession. In 1866 he was the Democratic candidate for State Senator, and in 1878 was elected to represent Warrick County in the Indiana Legislature. James B. Bryant received a good general education, having attended the Rockport High School for two years. He entered the teacher's profession and taught two terms of school. He studied medicine with his father three years, after which he attended the Medical College at Evansville. He then practiced with his father for one year, and at Twin Falls, Kan., for about the same length of time. He returned and located at Santa Fe\ where he now has a good practice.

BENJAMIN F. BURKHART, one of the leading farmers of Clay Township, was born in Nelson County, Ky., May 20, 1833, being the oldest son of J. and Mary (Wilkinson) Burkhart, both natives of Kentucky. His father, a wagon-maker and farmer, came to Spencer County about 1840, and located in Clay Township, where he remained until his death, which occurred May 29, ,1870. His mother died in August, six years later. He received but a limited education in youth, and worked at home on the farm until attaining his majority. In 1852 he bought eighty acres of land on Section 30, where he now lives. He has added to his first purchase 165 acres, and now has a good farm. January 8,1853, he was united in marriage with Laura Powell, by whom he is the father of ten children, all but one of whom are living. They are Lavina (now Mrs. H. L. Anderson), Joshua, Sophia A. (wife of S. Woodruff), Josephine, Benjamin F., Olie, Bell, Georgie and Charles. Mr. Burkhart is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and both he and wife are members of the Baptist Church.

REV. ABNER CONNER, a prominent minister and farmer, was born May 16, 1826, in Spencer County, Ind. He is the second son of John R. and Rebecca Conner, natives of the " Old Dominion" and the "Buckeye State" respectively. His father was a farmer, and served one term as County Commissioner. He died September 3, 1869, and his wife April 12, 1872. Abner obtained his education under the difficulties pertaining to those early times. He lived at home working on the farm until he was married to Elizabeth A. Harris. He then located on Section 12, Clay Township, and bought a farm of 133 acres. In connection with his farm he has been engaged as a Christian minister, doing both local and circuit work. His route extended through Spencer. Perry, Dubois, Crawford, Harrison, Warrick, and Vanderburgh Counties, and sometimes into Kentucky. During his ministry he has ridden over 20,000 miles, received over 5,000 souls into the church, united over 200 couples in the bonds of matrimony, and preached over 300 funeral sermons. Taken altogether his career has been a remarkable one. About one year ago he was compelled to cease traveling on account of ill health. He still preaches at his home church. His wife is a member of the same church. They have had twelve children, eight of whom are living.

ANTHONY S. EGNEW, a well known farmer of this township, is a native of Harrison County, Ky., born July 14, 1832. When young he came with his parents to Spencer County, where he received a limited education. He remained at home until after attaining his majority. In September, 1855, he married Emeline Pierson, and located on eighty acres of land on Section 28, which he received from his father. He has since added to it, and now has a good home. October 9, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served about eighteen months, when he was discharged on account of disability. Politically, he is a Republican, and socially is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and of the Baptist Church, of which his wife is a member. They now have six children: James L., Alice W., Peter E., Oliver M., Anthony S. and Retanna. One child is deceased. Mr. Egnew is the oldest son born to James H. and Margaret (Pope) Egnew. His father lived on a farm in Kentucky previous to his removal to this county.

WILLIAM R. EGNEW, an enterprising young farmer of Clay Township, was born in Spencer County, August 27, 1845. He is the fourth son of James H. and Mary (Richardson) Egnew, both natives of Kentucky. His father, when a young man, came to Spencer County, where be lived until his death, May 15, 1882. William received his early education in the district school, and began teaching at the age of nineteen. After teaching two terms, he entered the National Norman School at Lebanon, Ohio, where he completed the commercial course. He afterward taught four more terms of school. During the Rebellion he enlisted for the 100 days' service in Company G, One Hundred and Thirty-six Indiana Volunteer Infantry, whose service consisted principally in guard duty. At the death of his father, he inherited the homestead farm of 120 acres on Section 33, where he still resides. In April, 1872, his marriage with Alice A. Ayer was celebrated. They have seven children: Lawrence, Joseph H., James S., Oliver P., Mary D., Anna and William B. Both Mr. Egnew and wife are members of the Baptist Church, and he is also a member of the I. O. O. F.

ARTHUR EMMICK, merchant at Buffaloville, is a native of the Old Dominion, born March 3, 1833. He is the youngest son of Jacob and Rachel Emmick, who were also natives of Virginia. The father, who was a farmer, is now dead, but the mother is yet living in good health at the age of ninety years. Arthur Emmick received but a limited education, making his home with his parents until of age. He began life for himself by working in a salt-well in Lawrence County, Ohio; then engaged in coal burning, and then in liquor dealing. After this he was a short time in Fairfield County, Ohio, then went to Cincinnati and hired out on a boat, running between Cincinnati and New Orleans. In 1856 he began stock raising, and in 1859 settled in Spencer County, Ind. In 1861 he enlisted in Company F., First Indiana Cavalry, and serving through the battle of Frederickstown, was honorably discharged by reason of ill health December 3, 1861. He again resumed farming in this county, but later went to Kentucky, and for two years engaged in log hauling. Returning to Spencer County again he resumed farming once more, continuing the same until the past two years, in which time he has merchandised at Buffaloville. He is a Republican, and himself and wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Emmick was married June 20, 1859, to Sarah Jane Lloyd, and ten children have been born to them, these six yet living: William H., John M.., Mary A., Nora B., Cordelia and Pearl G.

JAMES W. FORD, one of the leading farmers of this township, was born in Hardin County, Ky., April 7, 1845. He is the youngest son of David and Matilda (Jackson) Ford, natives of Kentucky, where they lived upon a farm until 1855, when they came to Spencer County. His father is still living, at a very advanced age. His mother died about 1865. On account of the meager facilities, our subject received but a very limited education. He worked at home until March 1866, when he was united in marriage with Jane Jackson, by whom he is the father of three children, of these Alonzo is the only one now living. After marriage he bought 40 acres of land, upon which he still resides, and to which he has added 160 acres. Mrs. Ford died in 1870, and in March, 1874, he married Ann Crawford. To this union have been born Luther, Natalia, Mary A., Fanny G., Amanda J. and James. Both he and wife are members of the Christian Church.

WILLIAM J. GABBERT, one of the enterprising young farmers of Clay Township, is a native of Hancock County, Ky., born December 12, 1856. He is the oldest son of Eli E. and Damsel Gabbert, natives of Kentucky and Virginia respectively. His father, a farmer, removed with his parents to Hancock County from Daviess County, Ky., when he was about twelve years of age. He lived in the latter county until 1864, when he came with his family to Spencer County, Ind., where he still resides. He was married December 6,1853, and has three children now living. William J. remained at home working on the farm until attaining his twenty-first year. Having received a good common-school education in the winter of 1878 he entered the teacher's profession, but the work did not agree with his health, and he resumed farming. June 27, 1879, he married Mary E. Witherill, and to them two children, Laurie L. and Dora D. have been born. Both he and wife are members of the United Brethren Church.

R. D. GRIGSBY, a prominent farmer of the county, was born April 21, 1818, and is the youngest son of Reuben and Nancy (Barker) Grigsby, both natives of Kentucky. His father who was' a farmer, came to Spencer County about 1820. He remained here upward of thirty years, when he moved to Carroll County, Mo., where he died about 1858. Our subject received a common school education in youth and remained at home assisting his father on the farm until attaining his majority. February 11, 1841 he married Matilda Starks, and after marriage bought 800 acres of land, but owing to his generosity he lost nearly his entire property by becoming surety for his friend's debts. Not disheartened by these reverses, however, he began again, and now has a good farm upon which he resides. Politically he is a Republican, and is a man highly esteemed by all who know him. He is the father of eleven children seven of whom are living.

LOUIS GUNTHER, an old resident of Spencer County, is a native of Hanover, Germany, from which country he came to the United States with his parents in 1839. and located in Pittsburgh, Penn. He followed flat-boating on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers for about eleven years, when he came to Spencer County, and entered and bought eighty acres of land upon which he still lives. September 6, 1853, his marriage with Catharine Hilt was solemnized. The fruits of this union were five children, three of whom are living. Mrs. Gunther died on January 3, 1869, and he was united in marriage with Anna Brinkmann, January 11, 1872. They have two children, Frederick and Catharine. Both Mr. Gunther and wife are members of the Lutheran Church. He was born January 18, 1819, being the second son of Frederick and Ann Gunther, both natives of Germany, where they lived upon a farm until coming to the United States in 1839. They came to this county in 1850, and here they spent the remainder of their days.

WARREN H. HARRIS, one of the leading farmers of Clay Township is a native of the county, born August 16, 1838. His parents were Masterson and Cynthia (Rusher) Harris, both natives of Kentucky. The former, although a farmer, was also for twenty years a Christian minister. He came to Indiana when young and remained until his death, which occurred December 24, 1860. His wife died in March, 1842. Warren H. remained :it home on the farm, until his marriage, which event occurred October 10, 1858. He chose for his wife Hannah Smith. To this union there were born nine children, eight of the number, Clara, Felix A., Naomi, Omelville, Alonzo, Russel, Walter, and Armilda, are living. In 1863 he bought eighty acres of land on Section 13, Clay Township, where he still resides. On February 5, 1879, Mrs. Harris died, and on October 5, of the same year he married Martha Real, by whom he is the father of the following children: Emory, Emily, Anna and Charles. During the Rebellion he served for a short time in the Federal Army and is a member of the G. A. R. Both he and wife are members of the Christian Church.

JOHN T. HARRISON, one of the early pioneers of Spencer County, is a native of Warrick County, Ind., born January 28, 1825. His parents, Gabriel and Elizabeth (Nix) Harrison, were natives of Breckenridge County, Ky., where the lived on a farm until coming to Warrick County. Our subject received a limited education, on account of the very meager educational facilities of those days. On Easter Sunday, March 31, 1849, his marriage with Sarah Wiltrout was celebrated. He then lived for ten years on n farm in Huff Township, this county. July 4, 1861, he enlisted in the Federal Army, and was mustered into the service in the same month. After being in the field nine months he lost his eyesight, and was discharged. He soon recovered, however, and August 12, 1862, he re enlisted in Company E, Ninety-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which regiment he served until mustered out, June 26,1865. He participated in the battles of Knoxville, Resaca, Nashville, Kenesaw Mountain, Franklin, and others of less importance. In November, 1865, Mr. Harrison was a second time married, to Jane Murphy, Who died October 15, 1869, leaving a daughter, Amanda M. He belongs to the Republican party, and has held several civil offices.

HENRY HERMANN, a highly respected farmer of Clay Township, was born in Wittenburg, Germany, February 25, 1834. He is the oldest son of Jacob and Catharine (Kramer) Hermann, both natives of Germany. His father, who was a farmer, immigrated to the United States in 1852, and took up his homo in Spencer County, where he died in August, 1881. His wife died in January of the same year. Henry worked at home, helping his father, until he and his father's family came to America. He then worked in a wholesale dry goods house in Cincinnati for three years. In 1859, December 21, he married Christina Seiter, and located in Spencer County, where he bought forty acres of land. Six days after the fall of Fort Sumter he enlisted in Company A, Sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He participated in the famous battles of Pittsburg Landing and Stone River or Murfreesboro. In the latter battle he was quite badly wounded, and compelled to abandon active duty. He was discharged June 23, 1864, and returned home. Both he and wife are members of the Methodist Church.

ANTHONY W. HEVRON, one of the prominent farmers of Clay Township, is a native of Spencer County, his birth occurring on June 9, 1849. He is the third son of George and Mary (Montgomery) Hevron, both of whom are natives of Indiana. His parents are still living on a farm in this county. Anthony was reared at home, receiving but a limited education. He remained with his parents until his marriage, which event occurred on December 24, 1874. He chose for his helpmate Eliza Romine, by whom he is the father of three children, Claude, Bertha and James. After his marriage he purchased a farm of 114 acres on Section 5, Clay Township. In politics he votes with the Democratic party. He is an honest, upright citizen, esteemed for his many good qualities by all who know him.

WILLIAM JOHNSON, an old resident of Spencer County, is a native of Hamilton County, Ohio, being the youngest son of Mathias and Martha (South) Johnson, both of whom were natives of New Jersey. His father who was a wagon-maker, moved to Ohio about 1814, where his death occurred in 1829. His mother survived until about 1855. William worked out as a day laborer in his youth and consequently acquired only a limited education. For several years he was engaged in farming in the Little Miami bottoms. October 25, 1844, he was joined in marriage with Mary A. Orwin, a native of Ireland, who came from that country with her parents in 1832. After marriage he continued farming in Ohio until 1854, when he came to Spencer County, and bought 200 acres of land near where Spring Station now is. He now lives on Section 31, Clay Township, where he owns forty-three acres. Both Mr. Johnson and wife are members of the Baptist Church. They have had a family of seven children, only three of whom, John I., Florence, (now Mrs. Joseph Gudgen), and Louisa, (now Mrs. John Murray), are living.

DAVID F. KENNEDY, a prominent farmer and native of Spencer County, was born January 16, 1857. He is the youngest son of John and Nancy L. Kennedy, both natives of the " Emerald Isle." John Kennedy was born February 8,1817. He removed to Scotland and thence to the United States, locating at Wheeling, W. Va., where he was married. In 1850 he came to Spencer County, and purchased a farm. His wife died February 8, 1857, and he has since been twice married. David F. received a good practical education, having attended the Huntingburgh High School for two years. At the age of twenty-one his father made him a present of 200 acres of land, and he has since been quite successful in his business of farming and stock-dealing. He has added 130 acres to that given him by his father. He is the present Trustee of Clay Township.

ALBERT KETTLER,an influential German farmer of Clay Township, was born in Hanover, Germany, December 18,1823. He is the second son of Henry and Elizabeth (Topkin) Kettler, also natives of Germany. He received a good, practical education, and worked with his father until attaining his majority. He then resided for short times at various places, Bremen, Marbourg and Holstein. In November, 1850, he married Mary Pattler. Six years later he immigrated to the United States, and located at Cincinnati. After one year he came to Spencer County, and worked in a grist-mill for a short time. He then returned to Cincinnati, and remained two years, after which he again became a resident of Spencer County, where he still lives. In 1870 he bought eighty acres of land on Section I, Clay Township. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and both he and wife are members of the Lutheran Church. They have six children. Mr. Kettler cast his first vote for a Democratic President in 1884.

JAMES KILLIAN, one of the substantial farmers of the county, is a native of Decatur County, Ind., born December 30, 1833. At the age of twelve years he left the parental roof to seek his own fortune. He went to Louisville, Ky., where he established a small fruit stand, selling blackberries, oranges, etc. He continued in this business for about three years, when he hired as a cook on a flat-boat going from Louisville to New Orleans. Becoming tired of river life, he rented a farm in Spencer County, Ind., which he conducted several years. February 29, 1859, he was united in marriage with Nancy E. Burkhart, after which he rented a farm in Clay Township, and in connection with his farming bought tobacco for a wholesale house in New York. In 1868 he bought 120 acres of land on Section 29, where he has since resided, and to which he has added fifty acres. He is the father of six children, John M., Mary M., Anna N., Laura B., Robert W. and Myrtle. Mr. Killian's parents, George W. and Mary A. (McCloud) Killian, were natives of North Carolina and Ireland respectively. They were married in Virginia and soon after removed to Decatur County, Ind., where they passed the remainder of their lives.

JOHN W.. LAMAR, one of the earliest pioneers of Spencer County, was born in that county December 9, 1822, and is the oldest son of John and Elizabeth (Woolen) Lamar, the former a native of North Carolina, and the latter of Ohio. He received his education in the primitive log schoolhouse of the frontier, having attended at the same school where "Honest Abe" received his early education. He worked on the farm until reaching his majority. In his twenty-first year he was elected constable, and six months later was elected justice of the peace for a term of five years. He was elected for three succeeding terms, but did not finish the last one, as he resigned and was commissioned first lieutenant in the Home Guards. March 1, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, Fifty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He remained in active service upward of twenty months, receiving his discharge in April, 1863, when he was commissioned captain of the Home Guards. After the war he was elected to the office of county commissioner. In 1870 he was appointed notary public, but in a short time (against his will) was elected justice of the peace, serving for eight years. He was again appointed notary, but resigned to accept the office of township trustee, which office he held for four years. In his business of farming he has been quite successful, and has succeeded in accumulating considerable property. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His wife is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. March 12, 1846, he married Millie Barker, to whom eight children were born, seven of whom are living.

JOHN MEIER, an influential farmer of Clay Township, was born May 12, 1820, being the eldest son of John and Anna Meier, both of whom were natives of Brunswick, Germany. The mother died July 16, 1860, but the father is yet living at the advanced age of eighty-eight years, engaged in agricultural pursuits. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in Germany, where he was also born. He then farmed until 1849, when he immigrated to the United States, residing two years at Lawrenceburg, Ind., then moving to Ripley County. In 1851 he married Margaret Banner, who died four months after marriage. He wedded Margaret Beafeldt November 3, 1852, who bore him four children, only one, John H., now living. In 1852 he moved back to Lawrenceburg, and three years later settled in Spencer County, where he has since resided. He owns 150 acres of land; is a Democrat; served in the war between Denmark and Prussia in 1847-48, and belonged to the Home Guards during the late war. He and wife belong to the Lutheran Church.

RICHARDSON MEIER, more generally known as " Dick " Meier, was born in Hanover, Germany, March 1, 1824, and is the only son of William and Margaret Meier, who were also natives of Hanover. His father was a day laborer in his native country until his death, about the year 1843. His mother died ten years later. The subject of our sketch was reared in his native country, and there received a common education. In 1853 he immigrated to the United States, and for two years worked at blacksmithing in Cincinnati, Ohio. He then moved to Spencer County, Ind., and purchasing eighty acres of land in Section 16, Clay Township, has since been engaged in agricultural pursuits. About the year 1854 he married Lizzie Vehrman, by whom he is the father of five children: Anna, who is now a widow; Lizzie, Maggie, Henry F and Mary. Mr. Meier is a Democrat. By close application he has secured for himself and family a comfortable home, and are among the township's best citizens. They are members of the German Lutheran Church.

JOHN T. McDANIEL, a well-to-do farmer of Clay Township, was born in Nelson County, Ky., December 1, 1837, and is the oldest son of John W. and Susan (Anderson) McDaniel, both natives of Kentucky. In 1*46 his father removed with the family to Spencer County, Ind., where he bought a farm in Clay Township. In 1862 he enlisted in Company I. Fifty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and fought in the battles before Vicksburg, and during a battle at Natchez he was taken sick and died. His body now lies in the National Cemetery at the latter place. John remained at home working on the farm for his father until 1855, when on August 29 he married Sarah Lattimore. He then located on a farm in this county. At the opening of the war he joined Company F, First Indiana Cavalry. He took part in the battles of Fredericktown, Mo., and Marks Mills, in the latter of which he was taken prisoner. He was confined in a Confederate prison at Tyler, Texas, where he remained nine months. During his imprisonment a pint of corn meal and a quarter of a pound of beef were allowed as a day's rations, and twenty men were obliged to cook in a two-gallon kettle and one skillet. Upon being released he returned to his wife and family after an absence of four years. In 1878 he bought the farm on Section 14, Clay Township, where he now lives. Both he and wife are members of the Christian Church. They have had eleven children, only six of whom are living.

JAMES J. PAINTER, an enterprising farmer of Clay Township, is a native of Jefferson County, Ind., born January 5, 1838. He is the oldest son of Isaac and Mary A. Painter, both of whom were natives of Kentucky. The father, who was a farmer, came to Indiana when a young man. In 1857 he located in Spencer County, where he has since lived. James J. Painter received a common school education, making his home with his parents until of age. November 21, 1858, he married Lyda J. Grigsby, after which he rented a farm for two years. In 1860 he bought forty acres of land, which he worked for two years. He then sold this and bought a one-half interest in a saw-mill in Grass Township, which he owned only a short time. After owning a farm in Hammond Township a few months, he sold his property and bought fifty-five acres in Section 19, Clay Township, where he now resides. He has since added forty acres to this. June 15, 1877, Mrs. Painter died, leaving a family of four children: Mary E., Lucy A. (now Mrs. Thomas Strassell), Sarah B., and Ella F. September 25, 1878, Mr. Painter was married to Eliza J. Shackleford. Himself, wife and three daughters are members of the Missionary Baptist Church.

STEPHEN PARKER, an old resident of Spencer County, settled in Hammond Township in 1855, where he followed farming. On July 21, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, First Indiana Cavalry. He participated in the battle of Fredericktown, Mo., but for disability was discharged in the following March. He returned home and joined the Home Guards, with whom he was badly wounded in the hand at a skirmish at Panther Creek, Ky. During the remainder of the war he served as provost-marshal, his primary business being to pursue and capture deserters. After the war he resumed farming, and still continues that vocation. On July 30, 1835, he was united in marriage with Susanna White, by whom he was the father of eleven children, eight of whom are now living. On September 27, 1877, Mrs. Parker died, and on the 28th of the following October he married Cornelia Harris. Three children, William L., Elsie A. and Alta M., have been born to this union. Both he and wife are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Parker was born in Brown County, Ohio, March 31, 1816, being the youngest son of Stephen and Sarah Parker, both natives of the " Old Dominion." After residing in Ohio for several years, they came to Clay County, Ind., where they passed the remainder of their days. The former was a farmer and carpenter. He worked at his trade in Kentucky for several years previous to going to Ohio.

HENRY RIMSTIDT, a son of John G. and Adaline (Seveus) Rimstidt was born in Hanover, Germany, March 8, 1835. His father, who was a farmer and shoe-maker, came to the United States and located in Dearborn County, Ind., in 1842. After a two year's residence in that county he removed to Ripley County, where he remained until his death, which occurred March 5, 1833. Henry was reared at home, and received but a limited education. He never attended any school, and what learning he possesses was obtained from books and papers at home. He lived with his father until his marriage to Nancy Williams September 1, 1860, after which he came to Spencer County and bought eighty acres in Section 23, Clay Township, where he still resides. He is the father of twelve children, ten of whom are now living. They are Lincoln, Em . a, George W., Elizabeth, Robert, Charles, Clara. Alma. John and Adaline.

BENJAMIN ROMINE, a prominent and enterprising farmer of Clay Township, is a native of Spencer County, Ind., his birth occurring March 4, 1841. He is the youngest son of John and Hannah Homine, the former a native of Harrison County, Ind., and the latter of Kentucky. Both parents are still living and enjoying the best of health. John Romine has been a resident of the county since he was fifteen years of age. Benjamin was reared and received his schooling in his native county. He lived at home until he reached the age of twenty-five years, when he bought 130 acres of land on Section 5, Clay Township. April 13, 1875, he married Mary Hevron. During the war he was a strong Union man, and was a member of the Home Guards. He now votes with the Democratic party.

JOHN ROUT, a highly respected farmer of Clay Township is a native of Hardin County, Ky., born March 19, 1829. His parents, Richard and Levisa Rout, natives of Kentucky, came to Spencer County about 1845, and located in Clay Township, where the former, now in his eighty-fifth year, still resides. His wife died about 18b0. John remained at home working for his father until his marriage to Ellen Masterson in 1850. In 1861 he joined Company C. Fifty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which regiment he served until mustered out in July, 1865. He was present at the battles of Atlanta, Kenesaw Mountain, Hatchie River, Vicksburg, Jackson and ethers of less note. At the close of the war he bought eighty acres of land on Section 14, Clay Township, where he still resides. To Mr. Rout's first marriage five children were born, only two of whom, Susanna (now Mrs. Garriot Harris) and James are now living. Mrs. Rout dying, he was a second time married in October, 1865, to Almira Wood. He is a member of the G. A. R., and he and wife are members of the Christian Church.

GEORGE SCHRIEFER, a pioneer of Clay Township, is a native of Hanover, Germany, born March 25, 1836, and is the youngest son of John H. and Elizabeth (Miller) Schriefer, also natives of Germany. George received his education in the pioneer log schoolhouse. At the age of fourteen he began working as a day-laborer in a brickyard, where he continued for five years. In 1855 he located in Ripley County, Ind., where he worked on the farm during the winter season, and in a brickyard at Cincinnati in the summer for ten years. In 1865 he came to Spencer County and bought eighty acres of land on Section 12, Clay Township, where he still resides. December 24, 1859, he was united in marriage with Anna Schierbaum, to which union ten children have been born, William F., Albert R., Daniel, Louis E., Franklin, Matilda, Samuel, Jessie and Edwin are living. Both he and wife are members of the German Methodist Church. He also belongs to the Old Settlers' Association.

ROBERT STOCKDALE, the eldest son of Thomas and Anna Stockdale, was born in Down County, Ireland, February 12, 1814. His father was a farmer and manufacturer of linen goods, in both of which he was quite successful. He died in 1845 and his widow in 1856. Robert at the age of sixteen learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed until 1840. In 1838 he came to the United States in company with his parents, two brothers and three sisters, and located in Guernsey County, Ohio. After abandoning his trade he engaged in farming, in which pursuit he is still engaged. He has 110 acres of land on Section 10, Clay Township. He came to Spencer County in 1848, where he remained five years. He then resided in Warrick County for eleven years, returning to Spencer County in 1864. April 14, 1840, he was united in marriage with Elizabeth Ferguson, by whom he is the father of three children, two of whom Mary M. and John are living. Mrs. Stockdale died January 7, 1884. In politics he is a Republican, and is a member of the United Presbyterian Church.

WILLIAM J. TEBLEMAN, son of Henry and Catharine Tebleman, is a native of Newport, Ky., born March 2, 1854. His father, who is a farmer, was born in Germany, from which country he immigrated to the United States at the age of sixteen. He located in Kentucky where he was married and remained upward of twenty years. He is now living in this county. William J. was reared at home and remained with his parents until his marriage, which event took place on March 9,1878. He chose as a helpmate Sarah J. Hoops. In 1881 he bought eighty acres of land on Section 35, where he still resides. He was the father of two children, only one of whom, Theodore is now living. In politics Mr. Tebleman is very liberal in his views, voting for principle rather than for party, though he rather favors Republican ideas. Both he and wife are members of the Lutheran Church, and are among the most highly esteemed people of the, county.

ISAAC VARNER, one of the oldest pioneers of the county now living, was born in Spencer County, June 17, 1825. Of his parents, Jacob and Frances (Egnew) Varner, the former was native of the " Old Dominion " and the latter of Kentucky. Jacob Varner, who was a farmer, located in Spencer County when a young man and remained until his death which occurred January 15, 1842. His widow died April 15,1872. Isaac received but a limited education in youth. At the age of sixteen his father died, and he was compelled to assist in the support of the family. October 16. 1856, he was united in marriage with Ida M. Alley. In 1847 he entered eighty acres of land which he has cleared, and to which he has added 160 acres. He has erected substantial buildings and has his farm in a good state of cultivation. Both he wife are members of the Baptist Church. They have five children Jacob N., George W., Charlotte, William F. and Frances.

JAMES R. WEBB, M. D., a prominent physician of Clay Township, was born July 13, 1856, in Spencer County, Ind., and is the only son of Johnson M. and Mary J. Webb. The latter died in 1857, and the former married for his second wife Maria Sutton, by whom he was the father of two children, one of whom is yet living. He lived at Grandview until 1862, when he together with Capt. Chris. Mason organized a company of the Fourth Indiana Cavalry. During the same year, September 5, he fell on the field of battle, mortally wounded. James R. was reared by his step-mother at Grandview until 1876. He completed the course of study in the high school of that place, and entered the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati. After being in school one year he was married on September 11,1878, to Emma Wohler. He then re-entered the medical college and graduated in 1879. He then located at Troy, Perry County, where he remained until 1884, when he removed to Buffalo, Spencer County, his present location. He has three children : Harry E., Clarence and Maggie. Mrs. Webb is a member of the Lutheran Church.

LOUIS F. WEISS, merchant at Santa Fe, is a native of Spencer County, born June 13, 1857. He is the fifth son of John and Mary C. (Schneider) Weiss, both natives of Germany. His father, a farmer, came to the United States in 1846, locating in Spencer County, Ind., where he still resides. Louis remained at home until his marriage, which event occurred on his birthday, June 13, 1880. He led to the altar Caroline Eigenmann, by whom he is the father of one child, Walter J. After marriage he erected a building and opened the store which he still conducts. He has a first-class stock of goods and has succeeded in building up a good trade. He and wife are members of the German Lutheran Church. He affiliates with the Republican party, and is postmaster in the village where he lives.

CHRISTIAN WINKELMANN came to Spencer County in 1856, and bought forty acres of land where he now lives. After building a house, he returned to Ohio, where he had previously lived for about a year, and on March 12, 1857, he married Adaline Meire, who died February 12, 1864, leaving one child, John. In June of the same year, he was again joined in marriage with Louisa Lamback. To this union nine children have been born, five of whom are. living. September 29, 1864, he was drafted for service in the United States Army, and was assigned to Company C, Forty-fourth Indiana Infantry, with which he remained until receiving his discharge in August, 1865. Since the war he has added eighty acres to his first purchase of land, and now has a good home. Mr. Winkelmann was born in Prussia, August 5, 1823, and is the only son of Franklin and Anna (Berg) Winkelmann, both natives of Germany, where they passed their lives. The death of the former occurred in September, and of the latter in April, 1854.