Orleans Biographies

Orleans Biographies

AUDUBON, John James Laforest, naturalist and author: b. near New Orleans, La., May 4, 1780; d. New York City, June 27, 1851. He was educated in France and studied painting under David. His father, a French naval officer, gave him a farm in Pennsylvania and his first work as a naturalist was done there in 1798. He sold his farm in 1808, and he and his wife, Lucy Bakewell, took their wedding journey down the Ohio on a flat boat, to Louisville, Ky., where he opened a store. In this commercial enterprise, as in an earlier venture in New York and a later one in New Orleans, he failed, losing heavily. From 1814 to 1826, often accompanied by his son, Victor, Audubon made extensive journeys down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and into the adjoining country, traveling over nearly every southern state, studying birds and animals and their habits. He always tried to draw pictures of the birds from life, killing only when absolutely necessary. Subsequently, while away on a long trip, he left his plates, the work of many years, in Philadelphia and on his return he found that they had been totally destroyed by rats. He was now very poor and was forced often to give painting and music lessons; his wife, who always encouraged him in his work, became a teacher, and his son, Victor, went into business in Louisville, Ky. In 1826 Audubon went to Scotland and England to get subscriptions to his proposed work on The Birds of America. While there he was forced to paint pictures during the day and peddle them at evening to gain a livelihood and to pay his engraver. When his genius was finally recognized honors were showered upon him, and he was received by the crowned heads of Europe and was made a member of many scientific societies. His work on The Birds of America (London, 1827-39, price $1,000) comprised four volumes of 435 plates, and the Ornithological Biography (written in collaboration with Professor MacGillivray), consisted of five volumes in explanation of the plates together with the reminiscences of his adventures and descriptions of scenery. He bought a home near New York City, which is now within the city limits and is called Audubon Park. From 1840 to 1844 he published an edition of his works in seven volumes. At the time of his death he was publishing, with the aid of his two sons and Rev. John Bachman, The Quadrupeds of America (3 vols., 1843-50), which was completed by his son, John.

[Source: THE SOUTH in the Building of the Nation Volume XI; Ed. by James Curtis Ballagh, Walter Lynwood Fleming & Southern Historical Publication Society; Publ. 1909; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

BAKER, Page M., soldier and editor: b. Pensacola, Fla., 1840. He was educated in Pensacola; went to New Orleans, La., before reaching manhood; joined the Washington artillery at the outbreak of the War of Secession, but the same year went with his brother, James McC. Baker, to Pensacola, where he organized a company and took part in the capture of the navy yards; then returned to New Orleans, and enlisted as private in Company C, First Louisiana volunteers. He served in Virginia in the Peninsular campaign; was transferred to the Washington artillery some months later; and was in the Seven Days' fighting around Richmond and in Second Manassas. He was disabled by sickness, but returned to service in time for Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. On account of continued illness he was transferred to the navy as master's mate on the gunboat Tuscaloosa in Mobile Bay, and won recognition by a daring expedition to reconnoiter Fort Pickens, during which he and his men, disguised as fishermen, talked with the garrison and formed a plan to capture the place. The undertaking was considered too reckless and discouraged by Commodore Farrand. In 1881 he became editor of the consolidated Times-Democrat of New Orleans, and has remained at its head ever since.

Barr, William Alexander, Clergyman, of New Orleans, La., was born Feb. 28, 1856, in Danville, Ky. In 1876 he received the degree of A.B. from Dartmouth College; B.D. from the Union Theological Seminary of New York in 1879 and D.D. in 1905 from Westminster College. He also studied in Berlin and Leipzig and at Sorbonne in Paris. In 1895 he was deacon and priest of the Protestant Episcopal Church; in 1897-1900 was rector of the Monumental Church at Richmond, Va., was rector at Norfolk, Va., and Lynchburg; and since 1909 was dean of the Christ Church Cathedral at New Orleans. He is archdeacon of East Louisiana; president of the Standing Committee of Louisiana; deputy to the General Convention and chairman of the Board of Religious Education. He has written both prose and poetry for magazine publications.

[Source: Herringshaw's American blue-book of biography: By Thomas William Herringshaw, American Publishers' Assoc.; Publ. 1919; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

BARTLETT, Napier, journalist: b. Georgia, 1836; d. there after 1896. He removed to New Orleans, La., when a young man and there became a distinguished journalist. He served in the Confederate army and later became editor of various newspapers in New Orleans. He wrote: Clarimonde; Stories of the Crescent City; A Soldier's Story of the War.

GENERAL BEAUREGARD.
Born May 28, 1818.

The distinguished soldier, Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard, was born near the city of New Orleans, in the state of Louisiana.

He graduated at the military academy at West Point in the year of 1838, when he was but twenty years of age, being the second in the class. He was assigned first to the artillery and then to the engineers; and in the years 1838-39 was assistant in the construction of Fort Adams, Newport.

During 1840-45 he was on engineering duty. At the beginning of the war with Mexico, he was engaged in the construction of defenses at Tampico; at the siege operations of Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Chapultepec, and City of Mexico, where he was twice wounded.

Shortly after this he was brevetted major, and attained the full rank of captain of engineers, and was a lieutenant for fourteen years.

On January 23, 1861, he was detailed as superintendent of the military academy at West Point, but held the position only a few days, resigning his commission on February 20 of the same year. This ends Beauregard's record as a military officer of the United States.

He at once offered his services to the Southern confederacy, then organizing to resist the authority of the federal government, and he was placed in charge of the defenses of South Carolina.

On the morning of April 12, 1861, Beauregard opened fire soon after daylight; and from that time till the close of the war he took an active and prominent part in the southern cause.

This great warrior was practically in command at the battle of Bull Run of July 21, though superseded at the last moment by Gen. Jos. E. Johnston; and here again he was victorious some time afterward.

In the spring of 1862 he was ordered to Tennessee, where he succeeded Gen. Johnston; that officer having been killed at the battle of Shiloh, Beauregard took command and nearly succeeded in routing the northern army.

In 1864 Gen. Beauregard, re-enforced by Lee, defeated Butler at Drury's Bluff, and held Petersburgh against the federal advance. In the same year he was appointed commander of the military division of the west, and sent to Georgia to resist the march of the federal army under Gen. Sherman.

After the war Gen. Beauregard became president of the New Orleans, Jackson, and Mississippi railroad; also he was made adjutant general of the state. And he subsequently became manager of the Louisiana state lottery, an institution that is known throughout the continent of America, although its business is of a questionable nature, and letters for it are not forwarded by the postoffice department, which is sustained in its action by a recent decision of the supreme court of the United States.

Gen. Beauregard is the author of "Principles and Maxims of the Art of War," which was published in 1863; and in the following year appeared the "Report of the Defenses of Charleston." In these works the General shows himself to be also possessed of much literary ability.

[Source: The Biographical Review of Prominent Men & Women of the Day; By Thomas William Herringshaw; Publ. 1888; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

BEER, William, librarian: b. Plymouth, England, 1849. After studying medicine for six years in Paris, he returned to England in 1878, and was graduated from the School of Physical Science, Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1879. He was in business in New castle-on-Tyne from 1879 to 1884, then passed the next six years in the United States as a mining engineer. In 1890 he became librarian of the public library of Topeka, Kan., and his eminent fitness for this work led to his appointment by the Howard heirs to organize the Howard Memorial Library in New Orleans, La. He has made this one of the most efficient reference libraries in the country, and the chief source of information on the material and study of the rich history of Louisiana. In addition, he was chosen to reorganize the New Orleans public library, a work in which he was engaged until 1907. By constant research he is building up in the Howard a treasury of the original sources of Louisiana history. He is the author of several valuable monographs embodying the results of his investigations in this field. He is a member of numerous learned societies.
[Source: THE SOUTH in the Building of the Nation Volume XI; Ed. by James Curtis Ballagh, Walter Lynwood Fleming & Southern Historical Publication Society; Publ. 1909; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

BEHAN, Miss Bessie, social leader, born in New Orleans, La., 5th March, 1872. She is a daughter of Gen. W. J. Behan. She was educated at home by skilled governesses, and had all the advantages of much travel. She made her debut in society in New Orleans in 1891, at once taking rank as a belle and winning general popularity. The most coveted of all social honors in New Orleans is to be chosen queen in the Mardi Gras Carnival. She was not yet out of her teens when she was chosen Carnival Queen, the youngest woman yet selected for coronation in that characteristic festival.
(American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies, Volume 1, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow)

Behrman, Martin, Statesman, of New Orleans, La., was born Oct. 14, 1864, in New York City. He has been vice-president of the Louisiana State Board of Assessors; in 1898 was a member of the Louisiana State Constitutional Convention; and in 190405 was state auditor. In 1906 he became mayor of New Orleans and is known as the School Mayor. [Source: pg. 80, "Herringshaw's American blue-book of biography": By Thomas William Herringshaw, American Publishers' Assoc.; Publ. 1919; Submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

Martin Behrman Mayor, of New Orleans, La., was born in New York City. He is mayor of the City of New Orleans. He has been council clerk; member of the School Board; president of the Board of Assessors; auditor of the State of Louisiana and a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1898. ["Builders of our Nation, Men of 1913", pub. 1914, Chicago, IL" -Submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.] Submitted by Kim Torp

BEHAN, William J., soldier, politician and planter: b. New Orleans, Sept. 25, 1840. He was educated at the Western Military Institute of Tennessee and at the University of Louisiana. He served in the Confederate army as an officer of the Washington artillery. For a while after the war he was in business in New Orleans. During the reconstruction he was a strong opponent of the radical government and in the "revolution of 1874" which drove out the carpet-bag government he was in command of one wing of the White League. Since then he has served as mayor of New Orleans, state senator, and has passed through all the grades to major-general of militia. Since retiring from business in the city General Behan has engaged extensively in sugar planting. Since 1896 he has been affiliated with the Republican party and since 1909 has been postmaster at New Orleans.
[Source: THE SOUTH in the Building of the Nation Volume XI; Ed. by James Curtis Ballagh, Walter Lynwood Fleming & Southern Historical Publication Society; Publ. 1909; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

BEMISS, Samuel Merrifield, physician, medical editor: b. Bloomfield, Nelson county, Ky., Oct. 15, 1821; d. New Orleans, La., Nov. 17, 1888. He received a literary education from his father, Dr. John Bemiss, and at the age of eighteen years began the study of medicine under his kinsman, Dr. Samuel Merrifield. In 1844 he graduated from the medical department of the University of New York and soon formed a partnership with his old preceptor, Dr. Merrifield, and they practiced together in Bloomfield, Ky., for several years. In 1849 Dr. Bemiss was appointed registrar of Kentucky and in 1853 removed to Louisville, Ky., where he associated himself with Dr. Benjamin Wible. He held various chairs in the medical department of the University of Louisville, being at one time vice-president. Throughout the War of Secession he served the Confederacy as acting surgeon, full surgeon, medical examiner, assistant hospital director, and ultimately director. In 1866 he went to New Orleans, La., to accept the chair of the theory and practice of medicine in the University of Louisiana. From 1868 to 1883 he edited The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. During the yellow fever epidemic of 1878 President Hayes appointed Dr. Bemiss chairman of the committee to investigate the origin of the fever, and his report really resulted in the foundation of a national board of health in 1879. Dr. Bemiss was a voluminous writer for medical journals.
[Source: THE SOUTH in the Building of the Nation Volume XI; Ed. by James Curtis Ballagh, Walter Lynwood Fleming & Southern Historical Publication Society; Publ. 1909; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

BENJAMIN, Judah Philip

(1811—1884)

Senate Years of Service: 1853-1855; 1855-1857; 1857-1861
Party: Whig; Opposition; Democrat

BENJAMIN, Judah Philip, a Senator from Louisiana; born on the Island of St. Croix, Danish West Indies (now Virgin Islands), August 6, 1811; immigrated to Savannah, Ga., in 1816 with his parents, who later settled in Wilmington, N.C.; attended the Fayetteville Academy, Fayetteville, N.C., and Yale College; moved to New Orleans, La., in 1831 and taught school; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1832 and commenced practice in New Orleans; elected to the lower house of the state legislature in 1842 and served until 1844; member of the State constitutional convention in 1845; elected as a Whig to the United States Senate in 1853; reelected as a Democrat in 1859 and served from March 4, 1853, to February 4, 1861, when he withdrew; chairman, Committee on Private Land Claims (Thirty-fourth through Thirty-sixth Congresses); appointed Attorney General under the provisional government of the Confederate States, February 1861; appointed Acting Secretary of War of the Confederate States in August 1861 and served until November 1861, when he was appointed Secretary of War; served in this capacity until February 1862, when he resigned to accept the appointment as Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Jefferson Davis, in which capacity he served until the end of the war; moved to Great Britain in 1865; studied English law at Lincoln’s Inn, London, was admitted to the bar in that city in 1866, and practiced law there; engaged in newspaper and magazine work; received the appointment of Queen’s counsel in 1872; retired in 1883 from active practice and public life; moved to Paris, France, and died there May 6, 1884; interment in Pere la Chaise Cemetery. Source: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1771-Present, contributed by A. Newell

BENJAMIN, Judah Philip, lawyer and statesman, son of Philip Benjamin and Rebecca de Mendes: b. Island of St. Thomas, at that time a British dependency, Aug. 6, 1811; d. Paris, France, May 6, 1884.

His parents were English Jews of culture, but poor, who had emigrated to the island a few years before, and who removed to the Carolinas shortly after the close of the War of 1812. Young Benjamin's education (at Fayetteville, N. C., and at Yale College, 1825-28) was interrupted by his father's inability to provide for him, and he came to New Orleans, penniless, in 1828. Here he supported himself by teaching while studying law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832. In 1834 he published, with Thomas Slidell, a useful Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Louisiana, and within ten years was recognized as one of the leaders of the bar, with a large and lucrative practice. His brief in the case of the brig Creole (1842) attracted attention throughout the Union; and his income was sufficiently large to enable him to provide for the support of his mother and other relatives whom he brought from South Carolina. He became interested in sugar culture, having purchased "Bellechasse" plantation; was one of the first to introduce improved methods in the cultivation and manufacture of sugar; and wrote interesting and valuable articles on sugar for De Bow's Review. Benjamin early entered politics, with his customary energy, and became one of the most influential Whig leaders. He was elected to the lower house of the general assembly in 1842; delegate to the constitutional convention of 1844-45; member of the state senate in 1852, and in the same year delegate to the constitutional convention (of which he was a most active member), and United States senator. In the senate he became a notable orator in defense of the South. Upon the disintegration of the Whig party in the face of the slavery question, Benjamin became a Democrat, and in 1859 was reflected to the senate. Though foreseeing the war, and not an irreconcilable advocate of secession, he threw in his fortunes with the Confederacy, and resigned from the senate after a remarkable series of speeches that established his fame as one of the greatest orators of the country, Feb. 4, 1861.

On Feb. 25, 1861, Benjamin was appointed attorney-general in the Confederate cabinet, and on September 17 acting secretary of war. After the disasters at Fort Donelson and Roanoke Island, for which he was somewhat unjustly blamed, Benjamin became secretary of state (1862), and served with great zeal and ability till the fall of the Confederate government, being the most trusted of President Davis's advisers. He accompanied Davis in the evacuation of Richmond, but when affairs became desperate they parted, with the hope of meeting again in Texas. But the ruin of the Confederate cause was at hand. Escaping to England through perils enough to make a romance, with his fortune lost, Benjamin read for the English bar, and was admitted to practice in June, 1866, supporting himself meanwhile chiefly by newspaper writing. In 1868 the publication of his important legal work, on the Law of Sale of Personal Property, established his reputation, and his rise in his profession was no less remarkable in his old age and in a strange land than at the beginning of his career. He was appointed Queen's counsel in 1872, and by 1875 his income from his profession was more than $50,000, and continued to increase, so that in a few years he had again built up a fortune, which he expended generously for the benefit of all who had any claim upon him. At his retirement from the bar in 1883, the bench and bar of England united in a great farewell banquet, at which testimony was eloquently given to the high esteem in which he was held as a barrister and as a man.

BISLAND, Miss Elizabeth, journalist, born in Camp Bisland, Fairfax plantation, Teche county, La., in 1863. Her family, one of the oldest in the South, lost its entire property while she was a child and Miss Bisland became impressed, at an early age, with the necessity of doing something toward the support of herself and relatives. Having shown a talent for writing, this, naturally, was the line of work along which she began her career. Her first sketches, published at the age of fifteen, were written under the pen-name B. L. R. Dane, and were favorably received by the New Orleans newspapers to which they were sent. Miss Bisland did considerable work for the New Orleans .' Times-Democrat " and, later, became literary editor of that paper. After a few years' work in New Orleans she decided to enter the literary field in New York and for a time did miscellaneous work for newspapers and periodicals in that city. In a short time she was offered the position of literary editor of the "Cosmopolitan Magazine " which she accepted. It was while engaged upon that magazine that Miss Bisland undertook her noted journey around the earth in the attempt to make better time than that of Nellie Bly, who was engaged to perform the same journey in the interest of the New York "World"; Miss Bly going east while Miss Bisland took the western direction. Although she did not succeed in defeating her rival, Miss Bisland made such time as to command the admiration of the civilized world. In May, 189o, she went to London, Eng., in the interest of the "Cosmopolitan," and her letters to that magazine, from London and Paris, have been widely read and appreciated. In addition to her journalistic work, she has also written, in collaboration with Miss Rhoda Broughton, a one-volume novel; also a romance and play in conjunction with the same author. She became the wile of Charles W. Wetmore of New York, 6th October, 1891, and they reside in that city.
(American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies, Volume 1, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow)

BOULIGNY, Dominique, senator and soldier: b. Louisiana, 1773; d. New Orleans, La., March 5, 1833. After receiving an education in the New Orleans schools, he studied law and practiced there. He succeeded Henry Johnson to a seat in the United States senate in 1824, serving from Dec. 21, 1824, to March 3, 1829. He commanded a regiment of the Spanish troops which took part in the American Revolution under Governor Galvez in 1795.

BOULIGNY, Don Francisco, soldier, first of the family of this name in Louisiana. He was a soldier in the army of Spain, and came to Louisiana with Don Alexander O'Reilly in 1769 to take possession of the colony, which had then been abandoned by France. He took part in the quelling of the revolution by which the French colonists hoped either to remain under French rule or establish their independence. After Spanish domination had been firmly established, he remained in command of the military. He married a native of the colony, and founded the Bouligny family.

BOULIGNY, John Edward, legislator and jurist: b. New Orleans, La., Feb. 17, 1824; d. Washington, D. C., Feb. 26, 1864. He was a nephew of Dominique Bouligny. He was elected to Congress as a "Natural American" Dec. 5, 1859, and served till March 3, 1861. He was strongly opposed to secession, and was the only representative from any one of the seceding states who did not resign his seat. All through the war he remained in the North and died there.

Bouligney, John Edward, congressman, was born Feb. 5, 1824, in New Orleans, La. In 1859-61 he was a representative from Louisiana to the thirty-sixth congress; and of the representatives of twelve millions of people, he was the only one who refused to abandon his state to the leaders of the secession movement, and continued in congress until the close of his term. He died Feb. 20. 1864, in Washington, D.C. [Herringshaw's National Library of American Biography: Contains Thirty-five Thousand Biographies of the Acknowledged Leaders of Life and Thought of the United States, by William Herringshaw, 1909 � Transcribed by Therman Kellar]

Buck, Charles Francis, lawyer, orator, congressman, was born Nov. 5, 1841, in Germany. He received his education at the public schools; and at the Louisiana state university of Alexandria. For two terms he served as city attorney of New Orleans in 1880-84; has been a member of the school board, and has held various other public positions of honor in that city. In 1895-97 he served as representative from Louisiana to the forty-fourth congress. He is an able lawyer and a brilliant orator; and his oration on the Life and Death of James A. Garfield received publication in all the leading newspapers of America, and was highly eulogized. His law firm of Buck, Walshe and Buck, of New Orleans, attorneys for many of the largest corporations in the south.

[Source: Progressive Americans of the Twentieth Century:By The Progressive Publishing Co.; Publ. 1910; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

BULLARD, Henry Adams, lawyer: b. Groton, Mass., Sept. 9, 1788; d. New Orleans, La., April 17, 1851. He was graduated from Harvard in 1807, went to Louisiana, and began to practice law in Natchitoches, where he soon rose to prominence. He was sent to Congress from Louisiana in 1831-32, was district judge, associate justice of the supreme court of Louisiana for about twelve years, secretary of state, and in 1847 became professor of civil law in the University of Louisiana. Bullard was an authority on civil (Roman—French—Spanish) jurisprudence.

GEORGE WASHINGTON CABLE.

Many readers will remember with what delight they devoured those inimitable short stories, "Madame Delphine," "Posson Jone," "Tite Poulette," and "Cafe des Exiles," with which George W. Cable made his advent in the field of literature, and the enthusiasm with which they received his later and more elaborate works. Mr. Cable is a native of New Orleans, born October 12, 1844. He served in the Confederate army from 1863 to 1865, being severely wounded, and after the war returned to New Orleans, penniless. He had a hard struggle for existence for a time, but finally attracted attention through a series of clever articles published in the New Orleans "Picayune," and in 1878 his sketches of Creole life began to appear in "Scribner's Magazine." These made him famous, and his success as an author was immediately assured. He possesses a thorough mastery of the Creole and Negro dialects of his native state, and his stories all have the merit of novelty and interest. His keen powers of observation have enabled him to depict the social life of the Louisiana lowlands so vividly that in some cases serious offense has been given to those whose portraits he has drawn. Through his publications he has been the means of effecting reforms in the contract system of convict labor in the Southern States. Among his most popular works are "Old Creole Days," "The Grandissimes," "Bonaventure," "The Creoles of Louisiana," "Dr. Sevier," "The Silent South," "John March, Southerner," etc. Mr. Cable has also been successful in the lecture field, and his readings from his own books give the stories and their characters an added charm through his clever interpretations. In 1885 he established his permanent home at Northampton, Mass.

[Source: Famous American Men and Women: Edited by Stanley Waterloo, John Wesley Hanson; Publ. 1896; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

CABLE, George Washington, author: b. New Orleans, La., Oct. 12, 1844. Called from the high school into active life on account of the death of his father, he nevertheless continued his studies privately and acquired a liberal education. . In spite of his diminutive size and extreme youth, he entered the Confederate army and served in the Fourth Mississippi cavalry under Gen. Wirt Adams. He has since incorporated many of his interesting war experiences in his stories. After the war he engaged in mercantile business as an accountant, but by a system of hired help relieved himself of the routine of bookkeeping to engage in literary work. He contributed a weekly column of miscellany to the New Orleans Picayune under the nom de plume of "Drop Shot." In 1897 he gave up business and formally entered upon a literary career. He was for a time a regular reporter on the Picayune, but when they set him to write the theatre column his puritanical religious scruples forced him to resign.

He had observed the older and more romantic New Orleans life closely, and he now began his more or less poetic and imaginative portrayal of Creole character and life in sketches prepared largely for the old Scribner's Monthly. Beside many short stories and controversial articles, his published books are as follows: Old Creole Days (1879); The Grandissimes (1880); Dr. Sevier (1885); Bonaventure (1888); Strange True Stories of Louisiana (1889); The Negro Question (1890); Life of William Gilmore Simms (1890); John March, Southerner (1893-04); Strong Hearts (1899); The Cavalier (1901); Bylow Hill (1902); Kincaid’s Battery (1908). In 1884 Mr. Cable moved North and took up his residence at Northampton, Mass., where he still lives, busily working out his various literary and cultural enterprises.

In a series of lectures and readings given at Johns Hopkins University, he discovered his rare gift of interpretative reading. He at once began the systematic cultivation of this gift, and has since become one of the most popular of modern literary readers and lecturers. In 1897 he became supervisory editor of Current Literature. He has done much work of a purely cultural nature, both in his editorial capacity and in connection with Sunday schools. As early as 1887 he founded the home culture clubs for the promotion of more democratic social relations in all ranks of society. His own home life has been ideal. He has been twice married, in 1869 to Louise Bartlett, of New Orleans, and in 1906 to Eva C. Stevenson, of Lexington, Ky. He was for a time misunderstood and bitterly criticized by the people of the South, but he is now warmly loved by all sections. He has been honored with literary degrees by several noted universities and colleges, and he is everywhere recognized as one of America's foremost literary and philanthropic men.

CAMPBELL, Given, Jr., physician; born, New Orleans, Dec. 18, 1867; son of Given and Sue Betty (Woods) Campbell; educated public schools; Smith Academy, one year; Manual Training School, one year; Kentucky Military Institute, one year; Pennsylvania Military Academy, Chester, Pa.; M.D., St. Louis Medical College, 1889; post-graduate work in King's College, London, England, Paris, France, and Columbia University, New York City; married, St. Louis, Oct. 30, 1900, Sarah Winter Bryson; one child: Given Campbell, ILL, born Nov. 1, 1910. Interne St. Louis City Hospital, 1889-90; assistant physician St. Louis Insane Asylum, two years, 1890-91; studied in London and Paris one year, 1891-92; in general practice at St. Louis, 1892-1905; has specialized in diseases of the nervous system since 1905. Democrat. Presbyterian. Member American Neurological Association, St. Louis Neurological Association (secretary), Medical Society City Hospital Alumni (ex-president), St. Louis Medical Society. Recreation: motoring. Office and Residence: 5165 Washington Avenue. (Source: The Book of St. Louisans, Publ. 1912. Transcribed by Charlotte Slater)

Chambers, Henry Edward, educator, author, was born March 28, 1860, in New Orleans, La. Since 1902 he has been professor of English and elocution in the New Orleans boys' high school. In 1902 he was president of the Louisiana state Chautauqua. He is the author of Twenty Lessons in Bookkeeping; A Primary Speller; A School History of the United States; and A Higher History of the United States; Search Questions in American History; Constitutional History of Hawaii; and other works. [Herringshaw’s National Library of American Biography: Contains Thirty-five Thousand Biographies of the Acknowledged Leaders of Life and Thought of the United States, by William Herringshaw, 1909 – Transcribed by Therman Kellar] New Orleans, LA (Orleans Parish)

Chambers, Henry Edward, educator, author, was born March 28, 1860, in New Orleans, La. Since 1902 he has been professor of English and elocution in the New Orleans boys' high school. In 1902 he was president of the Louisiana state Chautauqua. He is the author of Twenty Lessons in Bookkeeping; A Primary Speller; A School History of the United States; and A Higher History of the United States; Search Questions in American History; Constitutional History of Hawaii; and other works.

[Source: Progressive Americans of the Twentieth Century:By The Progressive Publishing Co.; Publ. 1910; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

Chassaignac, Charles Louis, physician, surgeon, was born Jan. 25, 1862, in New Orleans, La. He has been president of the Orleans parish medical society for three successive years; was president of the Louisiana state medical society; and is now professor of genito-urinary and rectal diseases in the New Orleans polyclinic, as well as president of the institution. He is president of the New Orleans sanitarium; and editor of the New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. [Herringshaw’s National Library of American Biography: Contains Thirty-five Thousand Biographies of the Acknowledged Leaders of Life and Thought of the United States, by William Herringshaw, 1909 – Transcribed by Therman Kellar] Georgetown, KY (Scott Co.) New Orleans, LA (Orleans Parish)

Christy, William, soldier, lawyer, merchant, author, was born Dec. 6, 1791, in Georgetown, Ky. He served under Harrison in the war of 1812; and subsequently became a merchant of New Orleans. He published a Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Louisiana. [Herringshaw’s National Library of American Biography: Contains Thirty-five Thousand Biographies of the Acknowledged Leaders of Life and Thought of the United States, by William Herringshaw, 1909 – Transcribed by Therman Kellar]

COLLINS, Thomas Wharton, jurist: b. New Orleans, La., June 23, 1812; d. there Nov. 3, 1879. Beginning life as a printer and editor, he then studied law, was admitted to the Louisiana bar in 1833, and rapidly rose to prominence in the courts of New Orleans. In 1834 he was clerk and reporter of the state senate, and clerk of the United States court from 1836-38. At the age of twenty-eight he was appointed district-attorney for the Orleans district (1840-42), and was judge of the city court from 1842-46. He was also a member of the state constitutional convention in 1852, and was elected judge of the first district court of New Orleans in 1856. At the close of the War of Secession he resumed practice in New Orleans, was made judge of the seventh district court in 1867, and retained this position till it was abolished. He then returned to practice. He was at one time editor of The True American, and was the author of numerous articles on questions of sociology, ethics, and politics. His play, The Martyr Patriots, based on the Louisiana revolution of 1769 against Spain, was performed in the Saint Charles Theatre in 1860. He wrote also, The Eden of Labor (1876).[Source: THE SOUTH in the Building of the Nation Volume XI; Ed. by James Curtis Ballagh, Walter Lynwood Fleming & Southern Historical Publication Society; Publ. 1909; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

CONRAD, Charles M., soldier and statesman: b. Winchester, Va., about 1804; d. New Orleans, La., Feb. 11, 1878. While yet an infant, he was taken by his parents to Mississippi and thence to Louisiana; received a liberal education, and then studied law; was admitted to the Louisiana bar in 1828, and practiced in New Orleans. For several years he was a member of the state legislature; was elected to the United States senate to fill the unexpired term of Alexander Mouton, resigned, and served from April 14, 1842, to March 3, 1843. He was a member of the state constitutional convention of 1844, was elected to Congress in 1848, and served till August, 1850, when he was appointed secretary of war by President Fillmore, serving in this office from Aug. 13, 1850, to March 7, 1853. He was a leader of the secession movement in Louisiana in December, 1860, and was a delegate from Louisiana to the provisional Congress held in Montgomery, Ala., in 1861. He was a member of the first and second Congresses of the Confederacy, and from 1862-64 served in the Confederate army as brigadier-general.

DAVEY, ROBERT CHARLES, United States congressman from Louisiana, was born Oct. 22, 1853, in New Orleans, La. He was a member of the state senate in 1879, and re-elected in April, 1884, end again elected in 1892. He was president pro tempore of the senate during the sessions of 1884 and 1886. He was judge of the first recorder's court in 1880-88. He was defeated for mayor of the city of New Orleans in 1888. He was a member of the fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth congresses as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixtieth congress from the second district of Louisiana for the term of 1907-09; and resides in New Orleans, La.

[Source: Herringshaw's American Statesman and Public Official Yearbook: 1907-1908; By Thomas William Herringshaw; Publ. 1909; Transcribed by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

Denechaud, Charles Isidore, Lawyer and Educator, of Canal Bank Building, New Orleans, La., was born Jan. 3, 1879, in New Orleans. La. He was a student of Jesuit College; and in 1901 received the degree of LL.B. from Tulane University Law School. Since 1901 he practiced law in Now Orleans; and has been professor of civil law at Loyola University since 1914. He is secretary and treasurer of Hotel DeSoto Company; director of United Oil and Gas Company and General Realty Company and other corporations. He is a member of the School Board of the Diocese of New Orleans; director of Louisiana Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children; director of the Administration Board of Charity Hospital of Louisiana. He has been president of the Federation of Catholic Societies, Louisiana and the American Federation of Catholic Societies; member of the Social Service Commission of the American Federation of Catholic Societies, the National Civic Federation, Working Women and Children's Commission of Louisiana, New Orleans Association of Commerce, Louisiana Bar Association and Historical Society. He is also a member of the Chess Club, the Checkers Club, the Whist Club and the Southern Yacht Club.

[Source: Herringshaw's American blue-book of biography: By Thomas William Herringshaw, American Publishers' Assoc.; Publ. 1919; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

Denegre, Walter Denis, Lawyer and Statesman, of 2343 Prytarnia Street, New Orleans, La., was born June 17, 1858, in New Orleans, La. In 1881 he was special counsel for the United States before the French and American Claims Commission. In 1889 he helped suppress the Mafia in New Orleans. He was a leader of the Independent Democracy in Louisiana in 1896 he was a candidate for United States Senator and it was claimed he was elected. He was a conspicuous leader in the campaign of 1899, which brought about the drainage and sewerage of New Orleans, and which gave that city a clear and pure water plant. He served as a member of the Board of Administrators of the Tulane University Educational Fund; is a member of the Boston Club of New Orleans University, the Brook Club, the Harvard Club and other clubs of New York and Washington.[Source: Herringshaw's American blue-book of biography: By Thomas William Herringshaw, American Publishers' Assoc.; Publ. 1919; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

Denegre, Walter Denis, lawyer, statesman, was born June 17, 1858, in New Orleans, La. He was educated at the Jesuits' college of New Orleans, La.; studied two years at St. Johns college of Fordham, N.Y.; in 1879 graduated from Harvard; and in 1881 graduated from the law department of Tulane university. He began the practice of law in 1881. In 1881 he was special counsel for the United States before the French and American claims commission. He was a leader of the independent democracy in Louisiana; in 1896 was a candidate for United States senator; and it was claimed he was elected. He is a member of the board of administrators of the Tulane university educational fund; is a member of the Boston, University, Calumet, Harvard and other clubs; and resides in Manchester, Mass.[Source: Progressive Americans of the Twentieth Century:By The Progressive Publishing Co.; Publ. 1910; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

Dimitry, Alexander

DIMITRY, Alexander, diplomat, was born in New Orleans, La.. Feb. 7, 1805, son of Andrea and Celeste (Dragon) Dimitry. His father (the original Greek form of whose name was Demetrios) was a native of the island of Hydra, oil the southeastern coast of Greece. The family was of Macedonian origin, his ancestors having been among the leaders of a colony of Macedonians and Albanians, who in the seventeenth century left their ancestral homes in order to dwell among their Greek compatriots of the South. They colonized the scarcely inhabited island of Hydra, thus beginning the race of Hydriotes. Celeste Dragon, the mother of Alexander Dimitry, was a native of New Orleans. Alexander Dimitry received his early education at home from private tutors, afterwards attending the New Orleans Classical Academy, conducted by the famous Dr. Hull. He was graduated at Georgetown College. D. C., and in 1867 received from it the degree of LL.D. After doing editorial work for some time in New Orleans, he was appointed to a professorship in Baton Rouge (La.) College. In 1834, and for some years thereafter, he held a clerkship in the post office department at Washington, D. C. In 1842 he removed from Washington to Louisiana, and established in St. Charles parish the St. Charles Institute, which he conducted until 1847, when he was appointed by Gov. Isaac Johnson state superintendent of public education, He was the first incumbent of this office in Louisiana (1847-51), and as such organized and put into active operation the public school system throughout the state. In 1854 he returned to Washington, D. C., being appointed chief translator of foreign diplomatic correspondence in the state department. While still holding this position, he was appointed by Pres. Buchanan, in 1859, U.S. minister resident to the republics of Costa Rica and Nicaragua, the seat of legation being at San Jose de Costa Rica. When, in 1861, Louisiana seceded from the Union he resigned, and returned to the United States. Soon after this he was appointed chief of the finance bureau of the Confederate States post office deportment, a position which carried with it the rank of an assistant postmaster-general. After the civil war he lived for two years in New York city and in Brooklyn, removing in 1867 to New Orleans, where he resided until his death. In 1870 he became professor of ancient languages at the Christian Brothers College, Pass Christian, Miss. He was distinguished as a scholar, linguist, orator, lecturer, educator, diplomat and a writer of eloquent and vigorous English. In 1830-35 he wrote seven admirable short stories for the “Annuals" of New York and Philadelphia. He also contributed occasionally to magazines. He was familiar with eleven languages, ancient and modern. Mr. Dimitry was a prominent Odd Fellow, and was one of the founders of the order of Seven Wise Men, or Heptasophs, in which he held the highest position. He was married in Washington, D. C., in 1835, to Mary Powell, daughter of Robert Mills, U. S. government architect. He died in New Orleans, Jan. 30, 1883, leaving seven children. [The National Cyclopedia of American Biography, Volume 10, 1900 – Transcribed by Therman Kellar]

DERBIGNY, Pierre Augusts Charles Bouris Gay, jurist: b. Laon, France, about 1778; d. October, 1829. During the troubles of the French Revolution he was exiled, and went first to San Domingo; thence came to Pittsburg, Pa., and finally to Louisiana. Here he led the movement to secure state government for the territory (1805-1810). He became a member of the state supreme court in 1813, and, with Livingstone and Moreau, was on the commission to revise the code of the state. He was a personal friend of and agent for General Lafayette, and actively interested in all that might promote the progress of the community, obtaining in 1820 the first license to run a steam ferry at New Orleans, and being one of the regents of the University of Orleans. In 1828 he was elected governor, but served only a part of his term, being thrown from his carriage and killed. Governor Derbigny was a representative of the best type of French citizens of Louisiana, a man of culture, and wisely conservative, though ready to assist in any movement that seemed really to promise progress. The readiness with which he adapted himself to the political and social conditions of a new community is an evidence of his remarkable powers, as well as of the facility with which an American community can absorb and utilize foreign elements.

[Source: THE SOUTH in the Building of the Nation Volume XI; Ed.by James Curtis Ballagh, Walter Lynwood Fleming & Southern Historical Publication Society; Publ. 1909; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

DORSEY, Sarah Anne, author: b. Natchez, Miss., Feb. 16, 1829; d. New Orleans, La., July 4, 1879. She was carefully educated, traveled extensively, and was a brilliant and versatile woman. In 1853 she married Samuel W. Dorsey, of Maryland, a wealthy lawyer and planter in Tensas Parish, La. Mrs. Dorsey devoted much time to the religious instruction^ of her slaves, and in The Churchman (New York), which took notice of this work, her first literary work was published. In 18fi0 she planned to publish the choral services she had arranged and used with her slaves, but the war prevented the publication. During the war Mrs. Dorsey became a nurse in a Confederate hospital. After the death of Mr. Dorsey (1875) she removed to Beauvoir and continued her literary work. She was amanuensis to Mr. Davis in the preparation of his Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, and by will left Beauvoir to him. Her Recollections of Henry W. Allen (1866) is a fine piece of biographical work. She wrote also Lucia Dare (1867), a war novel and not popular; Agnes Graham (1869); The Vivians and Chastine, both published in serial form in the Southern Literary Messenger; Atalie, or a Southern Villiegiatura (1871), and Panola, A Tale of Louisiana (1877), both very popular; a treatise on Aryan philosophy; and many contributions to journals and periodicals. She corresponded with celebrated persons all over the world, among them Dean Stanley, Carlyle, Herbert Spencer, and the Rossettis. While much of her work is not permanent, her influence was great upon the ideas and tastes of Southern readers and authors.

DOWLER, Bennet, physician: b. Elizabeth (now Moundsville), Ohio county, Va., April 16, 1797; d. New Orleans, La., 1879. He was graduated in medicine at the University of Maryland in 1827, and settled in Clarksburg, Va., where he was postmaster, as well as practicing physician for several years. He went to New Orleans in 1836 and for some years was editor of the Medical and Surgical Journal published there. Early in life he began a series of experiments on the human body immediately after death and made some important discoveries relative to contractibility, clarification, capillary circulation, etc., which he published in 1843 and 1844. His researches in animal heat during disease and health were of great importance and were published in several medical journals. In 1845 he began a series of experiments in comparative physiology, during which he made special study of the Louisiana alligator with results of value to the world of science. Besides these studies he published a Tableau of the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1853; a history of epidemics from 1796 to 1853 in the New Orleans directory for 1854; a sanitary map of the city in 1852; and also studies in meteorology. He was founder of the New Orleans academy of sciences, member of the American Medical Association, and also of the Royal Society of Northern Antiquities of Copenhagen, Denmark.

DUFOUR, Cyprien, a distinguished lawyer of New Orleans and prominent among the French writers of Louisiana. He is best known for Esquisses Locales (1847), a collection of sketches of New Orleans celebrities, political, editorial and literary, which excited the greatest interest.

DUGUE, Charles Oscar, editor and author: b. New Orleans, La., May 1, 1821. He was educated in Auvergne and at the College de Saint Louis in Paris. While a student he wrote verses that Chateaubriand commended for their "noble and natural expression, without affectation or extravagance." At the age of twenty-five he returned to the United States, and in 1852 became editor of a daily paper in New Orleans, L'Orleanais. He was afterwards a member of the bar. His publications are: Essais poetiques (1847), consisting of descriptions of Southern scenery and occasional poems; Mila, ou La Mart de La Salle (1852); and Le Cygne, ou Mingo (1852), dramatic works on subjects drawn from the romantic legends of Louisiana; Philosophic morale; and Homo (1872), a didactic poem.

EARLY, Jubal Anderson, lawyer and soldier: b. Franklin county, Va., Nov. 3, 1816; d. Lynchburg, Va., March 2, 1894. He was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1837 and served in the Seminole War during that year and 1838, when he was promoted first-lieutenant of artillery. He then resigned from the service and entered legal practice at Rocky Mount, Franklin County, Va. He soon attained prominence and was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1841-42. He was commonwealth attorney 1842-47, but went in the latter year as major of volunteers to the Mexican War. In 1848 he again became commonwealth attorney, holding that office until 1852. He was a member of the Virginia convention in 1861 and earnestly opposed the secession movement, but yielded to the command of his state, among whose defenders he was one of the most ardent, ready to do and suffer all things for his beloved Virginia. He was commissioned colonel of the Twenty-fourth regiment of Virginia infantry, and, while holding this rank commanded a brigade at Blackburn's Ford and first Manassas, in which latter battle the flank attack of his brigade upon the Federal right aided greatly in producing the total rout of the enemy. He was promoted brigadier-general, to date from that battle.

In the spring of 1862, at Williamsburg, he was wounded leading his brigade in a charge upon the Federal position. In the campaign against Pope he commanded a brigade of Ewell’s division of Jackson's corps, participating in the raid around Pope and the decisive retreat of that commander on the field of second Manassas. At Sharpsburg, after the wounding of General Lawton, he took command of Ewell's division and led it successfully to the close of that engagement. He gained additional distinction by the handling of this same division at a critical moment during the battle of Fredericksburg. In January, 1863, he was promoted major-general, and during the Chancellorsville campaign was left with his division, Barksdale's brigade and Pendleton's artillery to hold the heights of Fredericksburg against Sedgwick's corps. At the opening of the Pennsylvania campaign he was entrusted by Ewell with the attack upon Winchester, which resulted in the rout of Milroy, who, by the flank movement of Edward Johnson, lost 4,000 prisoners. Crossing the Potomac, he marched via York toward Harrisburg, Pa., but after reaching the Susquehanna River, was recalled to Gettysburg, where he shared in the first day's brilliant success and on the second day gained vantage ground, which he was unable to hold, for lack of support. At the opening fight in the Wilderness, May 5, 1864, in temporary command of A. P. Hill's corps, he successfully resisted the Federal attempt to flank the army of Lee, and at Spotsylvania Court House with the same command defeated Burnside.

Continuing to do brilliant service at Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor, he was after the latter battle sent in command of the second corps to drive Hunter from before Lynchburg. He had been commissioned lieutenant-general May 31. Moving promptly, he drove Hunter into the mountains and then marched rapidly down the valley, drove Sigel across the Potomac, defeated Wallace at the Monacacy and marched to the suburbs of Washington. Finding that city reinforced by two corps of Federals, he retired into Virginia. Soon after at Kernstown he defeated Crook and drove him across the Potomac, marched again into Maryland and sent McCausland to Chambersburg, Pa.

Sheridan was now sent into the valley with forces vastly outnumbering those of Early, who from August 7 to September 19 engaged Sheridan's forces in various encounters, sometimes with considerable success. On September 19, after a desperate battle against two and a half times his numbers, Early was defeated in the battle of Winchester. On the 21st he was again defeated at Fisher's Hill. On October 19, Early surprised Sheridan's army of more than double his own at Cedar Creek and routed it, but was in the afternoon attacked by the rallied Federals and routed in turn. Retreating to New Market Early went into camp, but, although so tremendously outnumbered by Sheridan, he appeared in front of Sheridan's camp, November 12, then returning to New Market sent out expeditions which captured guns and prisoners. During the winter most of Early's command was sent to Richmond, and on March 2, 1865, Sheridan with 10,000 men dispersed Early's force of 1,800 at Waynesborough. After the surrender Early rode horseback to Texas, thence proceeded to Mexico, and from the latter place went to Canada. Subsequently he returned to Virginia and resumed the practice of law but in later years lived mostly at New Orleans.

[Source: THE SOUTH in the Building of the Nation Volume XI; Edited by James Curtis Ballagh, Walter Lynwood Fleming & Southern Historical Publication Society; Publ. 1909; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

Edenborn, William, Capitalist and Inventor, of New Orleans, La., was born March 20, 1848, in Westphalia, Prussia. Since 1903 he has been president of the Louisiana Railroad and Navigation Company, which was planned and constructed solely by himself. He is the inventor of many patents important in the wire industry. In 1880-1900 he was president of the American Steel and Wire Company, and its predecessors, in sole charge of all its production and of labor. He inaugurated the system of workingmen's benefit and old age pensions at the sole expense of the wire company in 1898; the first in the United States. He is a member of the Luther Burbank and National Geographical Societies, the Washington University and the Mercantile Library Association of St. Louis. He is director of the Protestant Orphans, and of Old People's Home in New Orleans. [Source: Herringshaw's American blue-book of biography: By Thomas William Herringshaw, American Publishers' Assoc.; Publ. 1919; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

EDWARDS, WILLIAM PIERREPONT, district judge of Louisiana, was born Nov. 30, 1867, in New Orleans, La. Since 1904 he has been judge of the district court for the seventeenth judicial district of Louisiana; and resides in Abbeville, La.[Source: Herringshaw's American Statesman and Public Official Yearbook: 1907-1908; By Thomas William Herringshaw; Publ. 1909; Transcribed by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

Edwards, Wakeman W., lawyer, legislator, jurist, author, was born Sept. 13, 1826, in Charlton, N.Y. In 1850 he graduated from the Union college, Schenectady, with honors, being third in his class; and in 1851 moved south, and taught a classical school in Camden, Miss. In 1855 he was admitted to the bar; and moved to Arkansas, where he practiced until the civil war, then at Orleans, and then at Abbeville. He has been judge of the twenty. In 1858 he was a representative in the Arkansas state legislature. In 1865 he moved to Louisiana; practiced law first in New fifth judicial district court of Louisiana; and has had the management of all the public schools of the county under his charge. He is the author of various fugitive articles in current literature.

[Source: Progressive Americans of the Twentieth Century: By The Progressive Publishing Co.; Publ. 1910; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

ELDER, Susan Blanchard, author: b. Fort Jessup, La., April 19, 1835. Her father, Gen. Albert G. Blanchard, then a captain in the army, was stationed at a frontier military post, where she passed her childhood. She was educated at St. Michael's convent of the Sacred Heart in New Orleans, and at an early age married Charles D. Elder of that city. After the capture of New Orleans she went with her husband to Selma, Ala., where she turned her cottage into a hospital for wounded soldiers. After the war she was professor of natural science in the New Orleans high school, and editor of the Morning Star newspaper of New Orleans, where she continued to reside. When sixteen she began to write under the name, "Hermine." Her works are: The Leos of the Papacy; James the Second; Savonarola; Ellen Fitzgerald, a tale dealing with Southern scenes and incidents; many poems; several dramas for schools; and numerous contributions to Roman Catholic publications.

EWING, Robert, editor: b. 1859. Ewing comes of a family noted in the early years of the republic, but impoverished by the War of Secession and its results. Robert Ewing was early thrown upon his own resources and began work as a telegraph messenger, soon becoming an operator. In 1881 he was made manager of the American Union Telegraph Company. When this was consolidated with the Western Union Company he became an associated press operator and in the telegrapher's strike in 1883 he represented the Southern operators on the strikers' executive hoard. The strike having failed, he was forced out of employment and spent two years in Texas and the West. In 1885 he assumed control of the Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Company's headquarters at New Orleans. Next he became superintendent of the New Orleans Telegraph and Fire Alarm System, and in 1892 he entered the service of the New Orleans States as telegraph editor. He acquired an interest in the paper and in 1897 was made business manager and a few years later editor-in-chief. Under Ewing's management the States has become one of the leading newspapers of the South. From 1900-08 Ewing was one of the state tax collectors for the city of New Orleans and in 1908 obtained control of the Shreveport Times, the leading Louisiana daily outside of New Orleans.

FLASH, Henry Lynden, poet: b. Cincinnati, OH, July 20, 1835. The family moved to New Orleans when he was four years old. He was sent to Western Military Institute in Kentucky, where he graduated in 1852; then engaged in mercantile pursuits in Mobile, Ala., for some years, but he was continually composing verse during all this time. He traveled abroad in 1857, sojourning for some time in Italy. For a time he engaged in newspaper work, but soon returned to business and set up a wholesale produce business in Galveston in I860, the year of the publication of his first volume of poems. He entered the Confederate army, serving as an aide-decamp to Gen. W. J. Hardee, and later to Gen. Joseph Wheeler. In 1865 he owned and edited the Macon Telegraph, but returned to his business in Galveston after the close of the war. A few years later he removed his business to New Orleans, but in 1884 he retired and moved to Los Angeles to live. His second volume of poems appeared in 1906 with an introduction by General Wheeler. His war lyrics and his reconciliation poems rank as his most notable productions.

FORTIER, Alcee, historian and educator, son of Florent Fortier and Edwige Aime Fortier: b. Louisiana, June 5, 1856. He belongs to a notable Creole family, the first member of which came to Louisiana in 1740. His family lost their great fortune as a consequence of the War of Secession. He attended the University of Virginia, but could not complete his course owing to ill-health. He became an instructor and then principal of the preparatory department of the University of Louisiana. In 1880 he was chosen as professor of French in the university, and retained that position when the University of Louisiana became Tulane University, and is now professor of romance languages. Professor Fortier has always taken the lead in the effort to maintain the standard of the French language in Louisiana, is proficient in Spanish and Italian as well as in German and the classic's, and has won a place among the foremost educators in his subject. He has been president and active member of L'Athenee Louisianais; president of the Louisiana Historical Society since 1894; president of the Modern Language Association (1898); member of many other learned societies; member of the state board of education (1888-1896); member of the state museum board (1905). For his conspicuous ability as a writer, as an educator, and in the preservation of the French language in Louisiana, he has received many honorary distinctions, such as the degree of Litt.D. from Washington and Lee University, Officer d'Academie, Officer de l'Instruction Publique, Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur, from the French government. Among his many publications in the field of history, general literature, and philology are the following: The French Language in Louisiana and the Negro French Dialect; French Literature in Louisiana; Le Chateau de Chambord (1884); Bits of Louisiana Folk-Lore (1888); Louisiana Studies; Sept grands auteurs du XlXme siecle, (1889); Gabriel d'Ennerich, histoire d'un cadet de famille au XVIIIe siecle; Histoire, de

l’ litterature francaise (1893); Precis de l'histoire de France (1899); an extensive and authoritative History of Louisiana (4 vols., 1904); History of Mexico (1907).

Fulton, John Hamilton, Banker, of 55 Wall Street, New York City, was born Nov. 12, 1869, in Cote des Neiges, Montreal, Canada. He was educated in high schools of Montreal. In 1883 he began with the Merchants Bank of Canada; in 1887 entered the employ of the Canadian Bank of Commerce of Montreal; accountant for the same bank at New York in 1896-98; and manager for New Orleans agency of the same bank in 1898-1910. Since 1909 he has been president of the Commercial National Bank; is president of the Commercial-German and Trust and Savings Bank, the First National Bank; vice-president of Lane Cotton Mills; and director of the Commercial Bank and the Lucas T. Moore Stave Company. He is a member of the American Bankers Association and chairman of the executive committee of Louisiana Bankers Association. He is a member of the Boston Club, the Audubon Golf Club, the New Orleans Country Club and the Young Men's Gymnastic Club.

[Source: Herringshaw's American blue-book of biography: By Thomas William Herringshaw, American Publishers' Assoc.; Publ. 1919; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

GAINES, Edmund Pendleton, soldier: b. Culpeper county, Va., March 20, 1777; d. New Orleans, La., June 6, 1849. At twenty-two years of age he joined the United States army, and was successively second- and first-lieutenant of the Sixth regiment of infantry. In 1805 he became collector of customs at Mobile; and two years later received a commission as captain in the regular army, which ho resigned in 1811 with the purpose of practicing law. Upon the outbreak of hostilities with Great Britain in the following year, he returned to the army, and became successively major, colonel and brigadier-general. He was wounded at Fort Erie in 1814, and was brevetted major-general. Congress voted him a resolution of thanks, and gave him a gold medal in consideration of his services in the war. In 1816 he was made a commissioner to deal with the Creek Indians; and in the following year he precipitated the Seminole War by attacking the Indian camp at Fowltown. He was prominent in the later troubles with the Seminoles in 1836; and the same year was ordered by Jackson to enter Texas with a military force, during the war of Texan independence. Upon the protest of the Mexican minister at Washington, Gaines was recalled without further participation in the struggle.

GAINES, Myra Clark, wife of Edmund Pendleton Gaines: b. New Orleans. La., 1805; d. there, Jan. 9, 1885. She is famous for her litigation to gain possession of valuable real-estate in the city of New Orleans, which lasted from 1856 to the date of her death in 1885, and involved property estimated in 1861 to be worth $35,000,000. Mrs. Gaines was the daughter of Daniel Clarke, a native of Sligo, Ireland, who came to New Orleans about 1766, and inherited from an uncle the property which was the subject of this remarkable litigation. Her mother was a Frenchwoman, Zulime des Granges. The several law suits in which Mrs. Gaines figured involved the question of her legitimacy, and the establishment of the will of her father acknowledging his marriage with her mother, and devising to her his property. She was successful in maintaining both of these propositions. She recovered a large amount of the property sued for; but spent her fortune in carrying on the litigation that involved her mother's good name and her father's millions.

GAYARRE, Charles Etienne Arthur, lawyer and historian: b. New Orleans, La., Jan. 9, 1805; d. Feb. 11, 1895. He was a descendant of a distinguished family of French and Spanish ancestry. His father was Don Carlos Gayarre, his mother Dona Maria Isabel Bore, daughter of that Jean Etienne De Bore, whose persistent experiments led to success in the granulation of sugar. Gayarre attended the College of Orleans, and, after graduation, spent some three years studying law in the office of William Rawle, in Philadelphia, and was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia and in New Orleans, 1829. He was elected to the state legislature, and published his first historical work, in French, Essai historiqiie sur la Louisiane, in 1830. This was chiefly a translation from the work of Martin. He was appointed assistant attorney-general, and later a judge.

In 1835 he was elected to the United States senate, but what might have been a brilliant career in politics was cut short by illness which continued so long that he resigned from the senate and went abroad to recover his health. While in France he took advantage of the opportunity to get at the sources of Louisiana history, and upon his return completed and published his Histoire de la Louisiane, in two volumes (1847). He had been elected to the legislature in 1846, but accepted the office of secretary of state, and performed services of great value in preserving and adding to the records, inducing the legislature to make an appropriation for purchasing and copying documents bearing upon the history of Louisiana from the archives of France and Spain. In 1851 he wrote in English a volume of mingled fact and fancy called Louisiana: Its Colonial History and Romance; and in 1852, Louisiana: Its History as a French Colony. With the better facilities for historical research now at hand, he completed the most valuable part of his history of the state, History of the Spanish Domination in Louisiana (1854), which at once won a place among the best state histories in existence. Judge Gayarre was an ardent supporter of the Confederacy, and urged the freeing and arming of the slaves.

The war left him in poverty, and his later works were undertaken under the stress of poverty. In 1866 he produced the completed form of his history, having already given an English version of the two volumes in French, completing the story from 1816 to 1861 in the form of annals. In the same year he published Philip II of Spain. His best novel, a series of sketches in which there is a large autobiographical element, appeared in 1872, Fernando de Lemos. His other writings include Dr. Bluff, Comedy; The School for Politics: a Dramatic Novel; Aubert Dubayet: a Novel (1882, introducing historical personages from the French and the American Revolutions); Supreme Court Reports, 1873-1876; and numerous pamphlets bearing upon the history and politics of the state. He was earnestly and help! ally interested in all that concerned the history of Louisiana, having a true historian's sense of the value of original sources; and he was one of the chief organizers of the Louisiana Historical Society, and for twenty-eight years was its president.

GOTTSCHALK, Louis Moreati pianist and composer: b. New Orleans, La., May 8, 1829; d. Tijuca, Brazil, Dec. 18, 1869. Displaying an early talent for music and especially for the pianoforte, he was sent at the age of twelve to Paris, where he studied the piano with Halle and Camille Stamaty, and harmony with Maleden. There is a tradition that he was also a pupil of Chopin. At any rate he had the honor of making this master's new works known to America. His first public appearance was in Paris. Travelling then through Switzerland and Spain, he soon won a reputation as one of the greatest of living pianists. His first appearance in the United States was in Boston. He toured the country, and made journeys to the West Indies, Mexico and South America. Both as a musician, creative and executive, and as a man, he won friends and admirers wherever he went, and his travels carried him over a large part of the world. Of his original compositions, his settings of West Indian negro dances and songs and his "Last Hope" have been the most enduring. He was honored with the cross of the Legion of Honor of France and the Order of Isabella the Catholic of Spain.

GRYMES, John Randolph, lawyer: b. Orange county, Va., 1786; d. New Orleans, La., Dec. 4, 1854. Grymes moved to Louisiana in 1808. He served as aide to General Jackson in the Battle of New Orleans and was complimented by General Jackson in his dispatches to the war department. Grymes became a very successful lawyer, was one of Jackson's counsel in the United States Bank case, opposed Daniel Webster against Mrs. Myra Clark Gaines in the city of New Orleans, and was engaged in nearly every other important case that was tried in the courts of New Orleans and the country around. He served as district-attorney, attorney-general of the state, was a member of the state legislature for several terms, and a member of the state constitutional convention.

HARROD, BENJAMIN MORGAN, member Isthmian canal commission, was born Feb. 19, 1837, in New Orleans, La. He was educated at the Flushing institute of Long Island, N. Y.; in 1856 graduated from Harvard university; and in 1906 received the degree of LL. D. from Tulane university of Louisiana. He soon attained note as a successful civil engineer; and in 1897 was president of the American society of civil engineers. In 1877-80 he was chief state engineer of Louisiana; and in 1879-1904 was member United States Mississippi river commission. In 1888-92 he was city engineer of New Orleans; was chief engineer drainage of New Orleans; and chairman of the board of advisory engineers, sewerage and water board of New Orleans. He is now a member of the Isthmian canal commission; and resides in New Orleans, La.

[Source: Herringshaw's American Statesman and Public Official Yearbook: 1907-1908; By Thomas William Herringshaw; Publ. 1909; Transcribed by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

Harrod, Benjamin Morgan, civil engineer, expert, was born Feb. 19, 1837, in New Orleans, La. He was educated at the Flushing institute of Long Island, N.Y.; in 1856 he graduated from Harvard university; and in 1906 received the degree of LL.D. from Tulane university of Louisiana. He soon attained note as a successful civil engineer; and in 1897 was president of the American society of civil engineers. In 1877-80 he was chief state engineer of Louisiana; and in 1879-1904 was a member of the United States Mississippi river commission. In 1888-92 he was city engineer of New Orleans; was chief engineer of drainage of New Orleans; and chairman of the board of advisory engineers, sewerage and water board of New Orleans. He is now a member of the isthmian canal commission; and resides in New Orleans, La. [Source: Progressive Americans of the Twentieth Century: By The Progressive Publishing Co.; Publ. 1910; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

Hart, William Octave, attorney-at-law was born Aug. 19, 1857, in New Orleans, La. He received his education in the public schools of his native state; and at Lusher's commercial academy. Since 1880 he has practiced law in New Orleans; is one of the foremost lawyers of his state; and has traveled extensively throughout America and Europe. He has served three terms as a member of the examining committee of the supreme court of Louisiana for the admission of candidates to the bar; in 1898 was a member of the Louisiana state constitutional convention; and in 1900 was a presidential elector. He is treasurer of the Commercial Law League of America; and a member of the Committee on Uniform State Laws of the American Bar Association. He is first lieutenant commander of Camp Beauregard No. 130, United Sons of Confederate Veterans; treasurer of the Louisiana Historical Society; member of the board of curators of the state museum of Louisiana; and a commissioner on uniform state laws from Louisiana. He is a member of the National Municipal League, American Political Science Association, American Institute of Civics, and a score of other societies and associations. For twenty-eight years he has been a member of the law firm of Dinkelspiel, Hart and Davey; and resides in New Orleans, La.[Source: Progressive Americans of the Twentieth Century:By The Progressive Publishing Co.; Publ. 1910; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

Heard, William Wright, Banker and Statesman, of 1205 State Street, New Orleans, La., was born April 28, 1853 in Union Parish, La. In 1900-04 he was Governor of Louisiana. Since 1904 he has been vice-president of the State Normal Bank.

[Source: Herringshaw's American blue-book of biography: By Thomas William Herringshaw, American Publishers' Assoc.; Publ. 1919; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

HEARN, Lafcadio, author: b. Leucadia, Santa Maura, Ionian Islands, June 27, 1850; d. Tokyo, Japan, Sept. 26, 1904. His father was English and his mother a native Greek. He was educated in Great Britain and France, and as a youth went to Dublin to live with an aunt. On his father's death he was sent to America and first lived in Cincinnati, engaging in journalism of a peculiar and novel character. From there he went to New Orleans, continuing in the same kind of work. It was during his life in Louisiana that he conceived the plan of his book, Chita, largely descriptive of the disaster that befell Last Island and its fashionable guests. After some time spent in New York he went to Japan, where he became interested in the Japanese, married a native, and resided fourteen years. Several of his best and most characteristic works are studies of his adopted country and translations from the Japanese. There has been much controversy in regard to his character and his originality, but whatever the result of it all the fact remains that he was, an author of considerable ability, possessing in an unusual degree the power of assimilating the life and traits of different nations, and endowed with a remarkable gift of expression. Among his works are: Stray Leaves from Strange Literature; Some Chinese Ghosts; Chita; Two Tears in the French West Indies; Youma; Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan; Out of the, East; Reveries and Studies in New Japan; Kokoro; Gleanings in Buddha-Fields; Exotics and Retrospectives; In Ghostly Japan; Shadoirings; A Japanese Miscellany.

HEBERT, Paul Octave, soldier: b. Iberville Parish, La., Dec. 12, 1818; d. New Orleans, Aug. 29, 1880. He was of Norman-French descent. Entered West Point in 1836 and graduated in 1841 as second lieutenant of engineers. Was acting assistant professor of engineering at West Point from August, 1841, to July, 1842, and state surveyor of Louisiana till 1845. Resigned to reenter the United States service in 1847 as lieutenant-colonel in the brigade commanded by Franklin Pierce. Mentioned by him for conspicuous gallantry. Was made colonel by brevet on field of Molino del Rey. In 1842 he was president of the Louisiana constitutional convention, and governor of Louisiana from 1854-56. When the war broke out he was commissioned by Governor Moore as brigadier-general of state troops. In August, 1861, he was made brigadier-general by the Confederate government. Was in command of the district of Louisiana and the defenses of New Orleans during the first year of the war. Was for a time in command of the Trans-Mississippi Department. In 1864 was in command of the district of Texas and the territory of Arizona. After the war he resumed his profession.

HOWE, William Wirt, jurist: b. Canandaigua county, N. Y., Nov. 24, 1833; d. New Orleans, La., March 17, 1909. Judge Howe was graduated from Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y., in 1853, and studied law in St. Louis, but returned to New York City to practice. He joined a western regiment of the Federal army at the outbreak of the War of Secession, and was promoted from the rank of lieutenant to that of major, serving chiefly on staff duty in the Seventh Kansas volunteers. The course of the war led him to New Orleans, where he settled after peace had been established. He practiced law, held public office, shared in most of the important civic movements of the place, and rose to one of the highest places at the bar, winning national reputation for his learning and his unusual faculty of elucidating the philosophical basis of law in his writings. For many years he was counsel for several large corporations. He was judge of the first criminal court of New Orleans, and later a justice of the supreme court, 1868-73. In 1889 he declined the office of the United States district attorney under President Harrison, but accepted the same office from President McKinley in 1900, and was reappointed by President Roosevelt, but resigned on account of failing health. He was president of the Louisiana Bar Association in 1897, president of the Civil Service Board, president of the Louisiana Historical Society, and a member of many other charitable, educational and other organizations. His most important work-is Studies in the, Civil Law, a history of the civil code, which is accepted as a standard. He wrote also a Municipal History of New Orleans and A Life of Francois Xavier Martin, the first historian of Louisiana.

JANVIER, Margaret Thomson, author: b. New Orleans, La., 1844. She was the daughter of Francis de Haes Janvier and sister of Thomas A. Janvier. She afterwards resided for some time in Moorestown, N. J. She is widely known as a writer of juvenile stories and verses, with the pen-name of "Margaret Vandegift." Among her books are: Under the Dog-Star (1881); Clorer Beach; the Absent-Minded Fairy and Other Verses (1883); The Dead Doll and Other Verses (1888); Little Helpers (1888); The Queen's Body-Guard; Doris and Theodora; Rose Raymond's Wards; Ways and Means; Holidays at Home; Little Bell and Other Stories.

JONES, Joseph, physician: b. Liberty county, Ga., Sept. 6, 1833; d. New Orleans, 1893. He was graduated from Princeton in 1853 and two years later from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. He held professorships in the medical department of the University of Georgia, the University of Nashville, in the Medical College of Georgia and in Tulane University. During the war he was a surgeon in the Confederate army. From 1880 to 1884 he was the influential president of the Louisiana State Board of Health. He was considered an authority on yellow fever and wrote numerous articles for medical journals.

JUCHERAU, Louis or Barbe, Sieur de St. Denis, pioneer: b. Quebec, Canada, Sept. 18, 1676; d. (probably) in Louisiana, shortly after 1731. He was the son of Nicholas Jucherau, and was a skillful negotiator with the Indians and Spaniards in behalf of the young French colony in Louisiana. In 1700, he was in command of the small fort near the mouth of the Mississippi. In 1714, La Motte Cadillac, the governor, sent him on a dangerous overland mission to the Viceroy of Mexico to establish a commercial treaty. After many remarkable adventures related by his valet and sole companion, Jalot, in an interesting journal now published, he was arrested by the Spaniards, but later released, though he failed in his mission. During his stay, he won and was secretly married to the daughter of the Spanish governor of Presidio del Norte, and made a second journey later through the wilderness to visit her. He was given the Cross of Saint Louis for his gallantry in the defense of Dauphin Island against the Spanish in 1719, and was made governor of the fort at Natchitoches in 1720. He distinguished himself there by his defeat of the Natchez Indians in 1731.

KING, Grace Elizabeth, author: b. New Orleans, 1852. She is the daughter of W. W. King, one of the most noted lawyers of old New Orleans, and Sarah Ann Miller. By birth and association she came into content with the best elements of the society of the state, both Americans and Creole, and her education was chiefly received in this way, as a child usually learns when in contact with cultured people. Miss King's literary tastes being fostered by the life in her own home, she early showed a talent for writing. Some sketches of Creole life contributed to the New Princeton Review (1886-88), formed the basis of her first book, Monsieur Motte. Since that time Miss King's name has become familiar to readers of the magazines through many stories, chiefly about the Creole life she understands and expresses with sympathy. She has also published novels and books upon the history of Louisiana that are widely popular. Among her writings are: Bonne Maman; Earthlings; Bayou I'Ombre; Madeline Chevalier Alain de Triton; Tales of Time and Place; New Orleans: The Place and the People; Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Founder of New Orleans; Balcony Stories; De Soto and His Men; History of Louisiana (with Prof. John R. Ficklen), etc. Miss King takes a genuine and intelligent interest in the history of the state, and her work, whether fiction or history, makes an appeal rather through its fidelity in interpreting real conditions than through sensationalism.

KRUTTSCHNITT, JULIUS, railway director, was born July 30, 1854, in New Orleans, La. In 1873 he graduated with the degree of C. E. from the engineering school of the Washington and Lee university. In 1878 he entered railway service; became road master, general road master and chief engineer of the Louisiana and Texas railroad; and in 1883-85 became superintendent and chief engineer of that corporation. In 1885-89 he was assistant general manager of the Southern Pacific company's Atlantic system; and in 1889-95 was general manager of same. In 1895-1904 he was general manager of all the lines of the Southern Pacific company; and since 1898 has been fourth vice-president of same with headquarters since 1901 in Chicago, Ill.

[Source: Herringshaw's American Statesman and Public Official Yearbook: 1907-1908; By Thomas William Herringshaw; Publ. 1909; Transcribed by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

LATROBE, Benjamin Henry: b. Yorkshire, England, May 1, 1764; d. New Orleans, La., in 1820, of yellow fever; son of Benjamin Latrobe, a descendant of French Huguenots, and Anna Margaret, daughter of John Frederick Antes, of Pennsylvania. He was sent at an early age to a Moravian seminary in Saxony and later to the University of Leipsic. Entered the Prussian army in 1785, was in several battles, was wounded, and resigned in 1786. Returned to England and in 1789 became surveyor of public office and engineer of London. His political views led him to the United States after the death of his first wife. His two children were left in England and sent for later. He sailed for America Nov. 25,1795. After an unusually prolonged and stormy voyage and many adventures, he reached Norfolk, Va., May 20, 1796. Resided for a time in Virginia and became engineer of James River and Appomattox Canal. Built the Richmond penitentiary and many private dwellings. Moved to Philadelphia and constructed the first water works there. In 1803 was made surveyor of public buildings in Washington by Jefferson. Designed the restored capitol after burning by British in 1814. Was succeeded by Charles Bullfinch in 1817. He designed the plans for the Chesapeake Canal and the Baltimore Cathedral and Custom house. Two children were born of his first marriage, Henry (died in New Orleans) and a daughter who became the wife of Nicholas Roosevelt of New York. His second wife was Elizabeth Hazzlehurst of Philadelphia. One daughter and two sons were of this marriage. Latrobe was constructing the New Orleans water works when he was stricken with yellow fever. Author of a valuable and interesting journal, containing his observations as architect and naturalist during his extensive travels in the United States from 1796-1820, which was published after his death.

JAMES LONGSTREET.

The man who was considered the hardest fighter in the Confederate service during the Civil war, and who was known in the army as "Old Pete," is now living quietly on a farm near Gainesville, Ga. Gen. James Longstreet was born in the Edgefield district, Hamburg, S. G, January 8, 1821. He removed with his mother to Alabama in 1831, and was appointed from that state to the United States Military Academy, where he graduated in 1842. After serving on garrison and frontier duty for several years, his regiment participated in the war with Mexico, where his conspicuous bravery won him repeated promotions, culminating in the rank of brevet major. He was severely wounded at the storming of Chapultepec. After the war he served as adjutant, captain and paymaster, chiefly on the Texas frontier, until 1861, when he resigned. In that year he was commissioned brigadier-general in the Confederate army and after the first battle of Bull Run was promoted to major-general. His brilliant war record is well known. Early in 1864 he was wounded by the fire of his own troops in the battle of the Wilderness, and a year later was included in the surrender at Appomattox. He had the unbounded confidence of his soldiers, who were devoted to him. After the war he engaged in commercial business in New Orleans, and affiliated with the Republican party. He was appointed surveyor of customs of the port of New Orleans by President Grant; supervisor of internal revenue, postmaster at New Orleans and Minister to Turkey by President Hayes, and United States marshal for the district of Georgia by President Garfield. Gainesville, in the latter state, has since been his home.

[Source: Famous American Men and Women: Edited by Stanley Waterloo, John Wesley Hanson; Publ. 1896; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

BRANDER MATTHEWS.

Young man though he be, it is doubtful if among the writers and critics of the United States any one is more widely known than Brander Matthews. He was born in New Orleans, La., February 21, 1852, but his education was attained in the North. He graduated at Columbia College in 1871, and studied law in 1873, being admitted to the bar in the same year. Then, instead of practicing law, he promptly turned his attention to literature. He wrote plays, and later contributed freely to periodicals, using the pseudonym "Arthur Perm." He has been active in all things pertaining to the profession. He is one of the founders of the Authors' Club, and was prominent in organizing the American Copyright League and the Dunlap Society. Among his publications have been "The Theatres of Paris," "French Dramatists of the Nineteenth Century," "The Home Library," "The Last Meeting," "A Secret of the Sea," pen and ink essays on subjects of more or less importance, and several other works of equal quality. His plays include "Margery's Lovers," "This Picture and That," "A Gold Mine," and others of relative importance. He has edited various publications, such as the "Rhymster," "Poems of American Patriotism," "Sheridan's Comedies," "Ballads of a Book," and others of their class. He is a most industrious editor as well as writer. He, as a critic, is becoming daily more and more widely known and becoming so, to a great extent, because 'he is fair and just, giving credit where it is honestly due, whether the work to be criticized is the product of an unknown writer or a prominent author. It is not only his literary ability but his sense of justice which is giving him prominence.

[Source: Famous American Men and Women: Edited by Stanley Waterloo, John Wesley Hanson; Publ. 1896; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

McCALEB, Theodore Howard, lawyer: b. Pendleton district, S. C., Feb. 10, 1810; d. at the Hermitage Plantation, Miss., April 29, 1864. He was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy and at Yale. In 1832 he removed to New Orleans, La., and was admitted to the Louisiana bar. In 1846 he was appointed by President Polk United States district judge of Louisiana, which position he held until the state seceded from the Union. He was president of the University of Louisiana for three years, and professor of international law and admiralty law in the same institution for seventeen years.

McDONOGH, John, philanthropist: b. Baltimore, Md., Dec. 29, 1779; d. McDonoghville, near New Orleans, La., Oct. 25, 1850. Son of John McDonogh, who was in Braddock's expedition of 1775 and also in the Revolution. After receiving an academic education, he entered commercial life at the age of seventeen in Baltimore. In 1800, already well-to-do, he came to New Orleans. At this time the man, who later passed for a miser and hermit, was much sought in society because of his charm of manner and person. His handsome house in the French quarter (Chartres and Toulouse Streets) was the scene of many brilliant entertainments. He is said to have fallen in love with Donna Micaela, daughter of Don Andres Almonester, founder of the Cathedral, aristocrat and capitalist. Legend has it, however, that it was the daughter of a Baltimore merchant settled in New Orleans who caused the great change in his life. The parents of the girl opposed the match because of difference in religion, and the girl entered the Ursuline Convent. McDonogh retired to his plantation across the river. He grew rapidly richer in the commission and shipping business.

In 1818 he was elected United States senator, but in later years had little to do with his fellow citizens. He was reputed a miser, but was kind to his slaves; built them a church, housed them comfortably and paid them wages in order that they might buy their freedom. He believed that the two races could not live together if the negroes were free, but he was opposed to slavery. He was a member of the American Colonization Society, and made it a condition that his freed slaves should return to Africa. In 1841 he sent eighty self-freed negroes to Liberia, and a second cargo, freed by his will, sailed in 1856. In 1830 he was elected vice-president of the American Colonization Society and left it a generous sum in his will. At his death the people found that his apparent miserliness had been for their benefit.

He left a fortune of about $2,000,000, chiefly in real estate, the greater portion of which was to be divided between the cities of Baltimore and New Orleans for the founding of free schools. The will was in litigation till 1855. The city of Baltimore then obtained an estate of about 800 acres and established a free school of scientific farming. In New Orleans the fund, somewhat depleted by litigation, loss occasioned by the war, and mismanagement, was finally, entrusted to a commission and invested in sound bonds. All the McDonogh schools, the basis of the public school system of New Orleans, have been built with this fund, about $200,000 of which yet remains in bonds.

McENERY, Samuel Douglas, politician: b. Monroe, La., May 28, 1837; resides in New Orleans, La. He attended Spring Hill College (Alabama), the United States Military Academy and the University of Virginia, and in 1859 was graduated from the State Law School at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. During the war he was a lieutenant in the Confederate army. After the war he resumed the practice of law. In 1879 he was made lieutenant-governor of Louisiana, and two years later, when Governor Wiltz died, he became governor. He was elected also for the following term of four years (1884-88). He was associate justice of the supreme court of the state, 1888-99, and in 1897 was elected to the United States senate.

McENERY, SAMUEL DOUGLAS, United States senator from Louisiana, was born May 28, 1837, in Monroe, La. He entered the confederate army in 1861; and served throughout the war. After its close he entered upon the practice of law in Monroe, La. In 1879 he was elected lieutenant-governor of the state; and by the death of Governor Wiltz in 1881 became governor of Louisiana. In 1883-87 he was elected governor for the full term of four years. In 1888 he was appointed as associate justice of the supreme court. Since 1897 he has been a member of the United States senate, and is now serving the term of 1903-09; and resides in New Orleans. La.

[Source: Herringshaw's American Statesman and Public Official Yearbook: 1907-1908; By Thomas William Herringshaw; Publ. 1909; Transcribed by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

MARTIN, Francois Xavier, historian and jurist: b. Marseilles, France, March 17, 1764; d. New Orleans, La., Dec. 11, 1846. After receiving a more than usually thorough education, he set out to make his fortune at the age of seventeen and emigrated to Martinique. Not finding employment there, he went to the United States and settled at Newbern, N. C., in 1786, where he soon learned the language, working for a living in the shop of a job printer. He soon rose to the position of foreman, and finally acquired the ownership of a newspaper and a printing press. He translated and published many French works and school books, and meanwhile studied law. After admission to practice, he rose rapidly. He wrote a digest of the state laws at the direction of the legislature, and published a volume of supreme court decisions and other legal works. He practiced in North Carolina for twenty years and was a member of the legislature. In 1829 he published a little known History of North Carolina. In 1809 he was appointed United States judge of the court of the Territory of Mississippi and was transferred in 1810 to the Territory of Louisiana. His knowledge of French was of immense advantage to him. He remedied several defects in the civil code. He became attorney-general in 1812; justice of state supreme court in 1814, and chief justice in 1831.

He retired from practice in 1845. He was an odd character, nearly blind, parsimonious, a hermit. His life was passed in study. His chief work was a History of Louisiana, the first authentic work of its kind, and still cited as an authority. He was honored by Harvard University with the degree of LL.D. in 1841. He wrote many law reports, digests, etc.

Martin, William, Medical Inspector of the United States Navy, retired, was born Feb. 7, 1849, in New Orleans, La. He was educated in the Jesuit's College of New Orleans; and graduated with the degree of M.D. from the Medical Department of the University, of Louisiana. In 1865 he entered the United States Navy, and was honorably discharged in 1868. In 1871 he was appointed apothecary in the United States Navy; in 1874 became acting assistant surgeon; and in 1880 was assigned as quarantine officer at Ship Island, Miss. In 1882 he was appointed assistant surgeon by special act of Congress, for honorable and meritorious fever duty at Pensacola and Navy Yard, and in 1888 made surgeon by special act of Congress, for extraordinary meritorious services. He retired in 1893; and in 1906 was promoted to medical inspector of the United States Navy, retired. He has traveled extensively in South America and in Europe. He is a member of the Bohemian Club and the Olympus Club of San Francisco, Cal.

[Source: Herringshaw's American blue-book of biography: By Thomas William Herringshaw, American Publishers' Assoc.; Publ. 1919; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

MERCIER, Alfred, author: b. McDonough, La., June 3,1816; d. New Orleans, May 12,1894. He was educated in France and in 1842 he published in Paris a volume of poems which was very successful. He traveled extensively in Europe and wrote for the French journals. He then studied medicine and practiced three years in New Orleans, La. In 1859 he again went to France and remained until after the War of Secession, when he returned to New Orleans. Among his writings are: Le Fou de Palerme (1873); La Fille du Pretre (1877); L'Habitation (1881); Lidia (1888); Johuelle (1891). He was perhaps the leading Creole writer of the later (Nineteenth) century.

MEYER, ADOLPH, United States congressman from Louisiana was born Oct. 19, 1842. He was elected a member of. the fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth congresses from Louisiana as a democrat. He was re-elected to the sixtieth congress from the first district of Louisiana for the term of 1907-09; and resides in New Orleans. La.

[Source: Herringshaw's American Statesman and Public Official Yearbook: 1907-1908;

By Thomas William Herringshaw; Publ. 1909; Transcribed by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

MONROE, Frank Adair, jurist: b. Annapolis Md., Aug. 30, 1844. He was educated at private schools in Urbana, at the Maryland Military School and the Kentucky Institute, 1860-61, which he left at the beginning of his sophomore year to enter the Confederate states army. He served four years in Company E, Fourth Kentucky infantry, and Company C, First Louisiana cavalry. He was wounded and captured near Somerset, Ky., in March, 1863; was exchanged in October, 1863. He was admitted to the Louisiana bar in 1867 and practiced in New Orleans. He was elected judge of the Third district court, parish of New Orleans, in November, 1872, but was dispossessed of the office after a month's service. He took part with the White League in the action of Sept. 14, 1874, which overturned the "Packard" government; was reflected judge in November, 1876, and installed in January, 1877; was appointed judge of the civil district court, parish of Orleans, in 1880; reappointed in 1884 and 1892. He took an active part in the anti-lottery campaign of 1892; was a member of the Louisiana state constitutional convention, 1898; was appointed associate justice of the supreme court of Louisiana in March, 1899, and in November, 1906, was elected for the term of 1908-20. He was president of the Association of the Army of Tennessee and a member of the law faculty of the Tulane University of Louisiana for over ten years.

MORPHY, Paul Charles, chess player: b. New Orleans, La., June 22, 1837; d. there July 10, 1884. His grandfather was a native of Madrid, Spain, who settled in Charleston, S. C. His father was a lawyer in Louisiana, member of the legislature, attorney general, and judge of the state supreme court. Paul Morphy was graduated at Spring Hill College, Ala., in 1824; studied law, and was admitted to the Louisiana bar in 1858. At an early age he showed a phenomenal aptitude for chess. He was taught the moves by his father at the age of ten, and in two years had beaten all the amateurs of New Orleans. His first great victory was over the famous Hungarian, Loewenthal. In 1857, at the first American Chess Congress in New York, he easily defeated the best players on the continent. His challenge to all comers, offering the odds of pawns and move was not taken up. He astounded the spectators by playing seven simultaneous blindfold games successfully with strong players. In 1858 he went to England to meet the English champion, Staunton, but could never get a game. In Birmingham he played eight simultaneous blindfold games, winning six, losing one, and drawing one. In Paris the same year he defeated Harrwitz, Adolph Anderssen, and all the greatest players of Europe with the same ease, repeating his wonderful blindfold games. His challenge to give any player odds of pawns and move was not accepted, even by Harrwitz. Leaving Paris in 1859, he revisited London and then returned to New Orleans. He resumed the practice of law, and thereafter played few games. A few years later he was attacked by a mental disease and finally died utterly incapacitated.

NICHOLS, FRANCIS T., associate-justice state supreme court of Louisiana. In 1876-80 and 1888-92 he was governor of Louisiana. He is associate-justice of the state supreme court of Louisiana for the term of 1900-10; and resides in New Orleans, La.

[Source: Herringshaw's American Statesman and Public Official Yearbook: 1907-1908;

By Thomas William Herringshaw; Publ. 1909; Transcribed by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

NICHOLSON, Mrs. Eliza Jane (Poitevent), author: b. Habolochitto, near Pearl River, Miss., 1849; d. New Orleans, Feb. 15, 1896. Her early compositions for various periodicals attracted the attention of Col. A. M. Holbrook, proprietor of the New Orleans Picayune, who offered her a place on its staff and afterwards married her. After his death she successfully managed the paper. In 1878 she married George Nicholson, business manager of the Picayune, after which she controlled the editorial and he the financial department. In addition to numerous contributions to The South, the New Orleans Sunday Times, and the New York Home Journal, she published a series of Biblical lyrics in the Cosmopolitan. Her style is simple, delicate and truthful. Some of her lyrics are very delicate, dreamy, and ideal. Her poems were published in a volume entitled Lyrics (1873).

OGDEN, Frederick Nash, soldier: b. Baton Rouge, La., Jan. 25, 1837; d. New Orleans, La., May 25, 1886. He entered mercantile life as a boy and continued in it till the outbreak of the War of Secession. He volunteered as a private, was made color bearer, and as such served through the Peninsular campaign in Virginia. He was then sent back to New Orleans and made major of heavy artillery in the army defending the city against the expedition of Farragut. After the surrender of the forts and the capture of New Orleans, he commanded the Eighth Louisiana battalion and was in charge of a battery at the defense of Vicksburg against General Grant. He was captured when Vicksburg fell, but was exchanged and served as lieutenant of cavalry on the staff of General Leonidas Polk. He was with Gen. Nathan B. Forrest's command at the surrender. He returned to New Orleans and reentered commercial life. He was leader and organizer of the "White League," a Democratic organization which finally overthrew the "carpet-bag" government instituted under Reconstruction. He commanded as general of militia. He was president of the Louisiana Red Cross Association and vice-president of the Howard Association during the great epidemic of yellow fever in 1878. In 1884 he was chief superintendent of the World's Fair and Cotton Centennial in New Orleans. He refused the nomination for governor of Louisiana.

OWEN, William Miller, author: b. Cincinnati, Ohio, Jan. 10, 1832; d. New Orleans, La., Jan. 10, 1893. He removed to Louisiana before the War of Secession and entered the Confederate service and went to Virginia with the Washington Artillery of New Orleans and served throughout the war with distinction. He later published In Camp and Battle with the Washington Artillery, and wrote numerous articles for Scribner's Magazine, the Century, and the United States Service. He also aided Mrs. Davis in writing the military chapters of her memoir of her husband, Jefferson Davis.

PARLANCE, CHARLES, judge United States district court for Louisiana, was born July 23, 1851, in New Orleans, La. In 1879 he was a delegate to the constitutional convention; and member of the Louisiana state senate in 1880-85. In 1885-81) he was United States attorney for the eastern district of Louisiana; and lieutenant-governor of Louisiana in 1892-93. In 1893-94 he was associate justice of Louisiana supreme court. Since 1894 he has been judge of the United States district court for the eastern district of Louisiana; and resides in New Orleans. La.

[Source: Herringshaw's American Statesman and Public Official Yearbook: 1907-1908;

By Thomas William Herringshaw; Publ. 1909; Transcribed by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

PAVY, Octave Pierre, scientist and Arctic explorer: b. New Orleans, La., June 22, 1844; d. in the Arctic regions, near Cape Sabine, June 6, 1884. He was graduated from the University of Paris in 1866, studied medicine, traveled widely in many parts of the world, making collections of specimens of natural history. He was associated with Gustavebert in the Arctic expedition proposed by the French government in 1869, but prevented by the Franco Prussian War. For this expedition he had equipped a little army of veterans from both North and South America. The death of Lambert and the impoverished condition of France -after the war led him to return to America. He attempted to organize an expedition to the Pole by way of Behring Strait and Wrangel Land under the auspices of the American Geographical Society, but this, too, failed. After completing his medical studies in St. Louis he joined the Arctic party in the Gulnare in 1880. In 1881 he went as surgeon and naturalist with the fatal Greeley expedition. The most northern point reached was 83 degrees. After three years of exposure and great suffering he died of starvation sixteen days before the survivors were rescued.

PICTON, John Moore White, physician and educator: b. Woodbury, N. J., Nov. 17, 1804; d. New Orleans, La., Oct. 28, 1858. He was the son of Thomas Picton, chaplain and professor of geography, history and ethics at West Point. He was graduated at West Point in 1824, and assigned to the Second artillery, but resigned in 1832, and the same year was graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. He settled in New Orleans, and practiced for thirty-two years. He won a great reputation as a surgeon, and for many years was the house-surgeon of the Charity Hospital. He was president of the medical department of the University of Louisiana, and in 1856 founded the New Orleans School of Medicine, in which he was professor of obstetrics from 1856 to 1858. His cousin, Thomas Picton, was a well-known journalist in New York.

PILSBURY, Charles A., author: b. New Orleans, La., 1839. He led a roaming life from British America to Mexico, spending two years in Texas, writing sketches, poetry and letters for the New Orleans press. In 1859 he crossed the plains into Utah and was with the army there for some time. He was editor of the Halifax (N. C.) Morning Journal, 1860-65. In 1865 he returned to New Orleans. His works include: Pepita and I (sketches in the New Orleans Times); statistical and economical papers for De Bow's Commercial Review; and numerous poems.

PREIS, W. H. president Southern university of Louisiana. He is president of the Southern university and agricultural and mechanical college of Louisiana for the term of 1905-09; and resides in New Orleans, La. [Source: Herringshaw's American Statesman and Public Official Yearbook: 1907-1908; By Thomas William Herringshaw; Publ. 1909; Transcribed by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

Ramsay, Charles Horace, M. D.

Ramsay, Charles Horace, M. D., a skilled physician and surgeon of Collins, Covington county, and an interested principal in the Williamsburg Drug Company, in the county seat, was born in Jackson county, Miss., Dec. 6, 1858, and is a son of Alfred H. and Jane (Fairly) Ramsay, the former native of Jackson county and the latter of Greene county, this State. The father of the doctor was a stanch supporter of the cause of the Confederacy when the inevitable conflict was precipitated between the North and the South, having become a member of Company B, Fourth regiment of Mississippi cavalry, in which he served with all of devotion and loyalty until the close of the war. He devoted the greater part of his active career to the lumber industry and died at Mt. Olive, Miss., Sept. 14, 1862, in the service of the Confederate army. His wife is now living at Gulfport. Doctor Ramsay secured excellent advantages in the schools of his native State, and for some time was a successful teacher in the free schools of Covington county, in the meanwhile deciding to prepare himself for the profession of medicine and surgery. With this end in view he was matriculated in the medical department of Tulane university, in New Orleans, La., where he was graduated and received his degree in 1886. He forthwith located in Jaynesville, Covington county, where he built up a fine practice and where he continued his labors most successfully until 1899, when he removed to Collins, discerning the superior advantages of this place and identifying himself intimately with its business, civic and social affairs, while his practice is of the most representative character and constantly increasing in scope, so that he finds his time and attention fully occupied. He is a valued member of the Covington county medical society and also that of the State, is a stalwart Democrat in his political adherency and has been both a member of the board of aldermen and a director of the school board since the town of Collins was incorporated. He is affiliated with the Masonic order, in which he has taken the ancient craft degrees, and with the Knights of Pythias, while both he and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church. On Sept. 6, 1893, Doctor Ramsay was united in marriage to Miss Lela Hubbard, daughter of William J. and Ella (Magee) Hubbard, of Simpson county, Miss., and they have four children, Ella Hubbard, Archie Carr, Granville Storey and Jane Fairly. [Mississippi: Contemporary Biography Edited By Dunbar Rowland, 1907 � Transcribed by Therman Kellar]

Rape, Jacob Nathaniel

Rape, Jacob Nathaniel, M. D., is to be noted as one of the representative members of the medical profession in Jackson county and is located in practice at Mosspoint. Doctor Rape was born in Harperville, Scott county, Miss., Feb. 18, 1859, and is a son of Cyrus M. and Dorcas (Graham) Rape, the former native of Georgia and the latter of South Carolina. The father of the doctor enlisted in a Mississippi regiment of the Confederate forces at the outbreak of the Civil war, and he proceeded to the front with his command, while he died at Gainesville, Ala., just after the battle of Shiloh, as the result of an attack of pneumonia. Doctor Rape secured his early educational training in the schools of his native State, having been for a time a student in Centerville Institute, in Newton county, and he later carried out his well defined plans by entering the medical department of Tulane university, in the city of New Orleans, from which he was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, as a member of the class of 1891. Prior to having taken up his work as a student of medicine the doctor had devoted his attention to farming and teaching school. He began the practice of his profession in Tchula, Holmes county, where he remained until 1900, when he located in Mosspoint, where he has built up a representative practice, ramifying throughout this section of Jackson county. He is a member of the American medical association, the Mississippi State medical society and the Jackson county medical society, of which last mentioned he is secretary at the time of the preparation of this sketch. He is a stanch Democrat in his political allegiance and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, South, while his wife holds membership in the Missionary Baptist church. On Nov. 11, 1897, was solemnized the marriage of Doctor Rape to Miss Bertha Amis, daughter of Capt. Albert and Augusta (Petty) Amis, of Gulfport, Harrison county, and of the children of this union we here enter the names -with respective dates of birth: Cyrus, Jan. 12, 1900; Woodson, Aug. 28, 1902; Jacob N., Jr., Aug. 12, 1904 and Alfonso Gallatin, June 12, 1906. [Mississippi: Contemporary Biography Edited By Dunbar Rowland, 1907 � Transcribed by Therman Kellar]

RHETT, Robert Barnwell, politician: b. Beaufort, S. C., Dec. 14, 1800; d. St. James parish, La., Sept. 14, 1876. He was the son of James Smith, but in 1837 adopted the family name of a colonial ancestor. He received a common school education; was called to the bar in 1824; was legislative representative from Beaufort district, 1826; in the congressional lower house, as a states rights man, 183749. He filled the vacancy caused by the death of Calhoun in the United States senate, from Jan. 6, 1851, till Aug. 31, 1852, when he resigned because of his wife's death. In 1851-52 he urged immediate secession of South Carolina, even if no other state accompanied or followed. In the convention of 1860 he prepared the declaration of. reasons for seceding which South Carolina published; he was chairman of the South Carolina delegation to the Confederate states congress at Montgomery; chairman of the committee on reporting a constitution in which he proposed certain differences to be made from that of the United States, as to protection, the presidential term, civil service reform and mode of amendment. His casting vote elected Davis, though he had opposed his candidacy. He was chairman of a committee to notify Davis of his election, and introduce him for inauguration; chairman of the foreign affairs committee, favoring instant demand of recognition, in which Davis opposed him. For some time he was the owner of the Charleston Mercury, the organ of the so-called "fire-eaters," in which he expressed his extreme views. Soon after the war he settled in St. James parish, La., and except being a delegate, in 1868, to the national Democratic convention, took no further part in public life.

RHODES, RUFUS NAPOLEON, journalist, was born June 5, 1856, at Pascagoula, Jackson County, Miss., and died January 12, 1910, at Birmingham; son of Rufus Randolph and Martha (Fisher) Rhodes, the former who was for many years a prominent lawyer practicing at Washington, D. C., and at New Orleans, was a soldier in the war under Johnston and Lee and was a personal friend of Jefferson Davis. He received his education under his mother's direction; in the public schools and high school; in Stewart College; and was in the Southwestern Presbyterian University at Clarksville, Tennessee, until 1873. He also attended the grammar school of Dr. J. B. Shearer at Chester Springs, Va.; studied law under Hon. James E. Bailey at Clarksville, Tenn., was admitted to the bar at nineteen; in 1876-77 served as private secretary to Mr. Bailey, then United States senator; from 1877 to 1881 was city attorney at Clarksville; was a member of the Tennessee legislature 1881-82; from 1883-87 practiced law in Chicago and in 1887 located in Birmingham. He founded the Birmingham News on March 14, 1888. He was one of the promoters of the old Commercial Club, afterward the Chamber of Commerce which he served as president. He was a democrat and served as a delegate at large from Alabama to the National Democratic Conventions of 1892 and 1904; was a member and vestryman of the Church of the Advent, Episcopal; and held military commissions from the governor of Tennessee, the governor of Illinois, the governor of Alabama and at the time of his death was brigadier general of the Ninth Congressional district. In 1906 the University of Alabama conferred upon him the LL. D. Degree. At the time of his death he was second vice president of the Associated Press. Married: June 27, 1882, at Clarksville, Tenn., to Margaret Smith, daughter of Christopher H. and Lucy (Dabney) Smith. Last residence: Birmingham. [History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume 4 By Thomas McAdory Owen, Marie Bankhead Owen, 1921 - Transcribed by AFOFG]

RIGHTOR, HENRY, journalist, underwriter, author, was born Jan. 18, 1870, in New Orleans, La. He was educated at Tulane university of Louisiana; and in 1885-87 was a cadet in the United States naval academy. In 1890-97 he was on the editorial staff of the Times-Democrat of New Orleans, La.; and was the founder of By-the-Bye column and author of The World's Fair Letters in that publication. He was the first president of the New Orleans press club. He is resident assistant secretary of the American Surety company. He is the author of Harlequinade; Standard History of New Orleans; Moons and Marshes, a volume of poems; and several plays and short stories.

[Source: Herringshaw's American Statesman and Public Official Yearbook: 1907-1908;

By Thomas William Herringshaw; Publ. 1909; Transcribed by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

ROMAN, Alfred, lawyer: b. St. James parish, La., 1824; d. New Orleans, La., Sept. 20, 1892. He attended Jefferson College, Louisiana, and was admitted to the Louisiana bar in 1845, soon rising to prominence. He served in the Confederate army throughout the war, and in 1880 he was appointed judge of the criminal court of New Orleans. He wrote The Military Operations of General Beauregard, to whom he was related.

ROSELIUS, Christian, lawyer: b. near Bremen, Germany, Aug. 10, 1803; d. New Orleans, Sept. 5, 1873. He had little but the most elementary education, coming to New Orleans as a redemptioner in 1820. He was employed in a printing office and learned the trade. He sought every means to improve his education and became a good classical scholar, a great reader of the Latin classics and of Shakespeare, and proficient in French as well as in English and German. He established the first literary journal in New Orleans, The Halcyon, which, however, failed. He became a teacher, and studied law in the same office with Alexander Dimitry, being admitted to the bar in 1828. His industry and remarkable mind soon assured him a foremost position at the bar, and he became so widely known that he was offered a partnership with Daniel Webster, but preferred to remain in New Orleans. He was attorney-general in 1841, and became professor of civil law and dean of the University of Louisiana. Roselius opposed the secession of the state, and was one of those who refused to sign the ordinance of secession; but though he remained loyal to the Union, he was not regarded unfavorably by the people who knew that his attitude was due to the highest motives. He refused a seat upon the supreme court of the state in 1863 because the Federal officer in command at New Orleans could not assure him that the court would be free from military interference. Mr. Roselius was a man of wonderful attainments, and his library was one of the finest in the South. His career is certainly one of the most notable in the history of Louisiana.

ROST, Pierre Adolph, jurist: b. France about 1797; d. New Orleans, La., Sept. 6, 1868. He was educated in France, at the Lyce'e Napoleon and the Ecole Polytechnique, and was in the corps of cadets of the latter when the end of Napoleon's regime came. After Waterloo, finding the government of the Restoration illiberal, he emigrated to America. Coming to Natchez, Miss., without money or friends, in 1816, he became a teacher, made many friends by his fine appearance and intelligence and studied law in the office of Joseph E. Davis. After completing his preparation he settled at Natchitoches. About 1830 he removed to New Orleans and married Louise Odile Destrehan, undertaking the control of large plantation interests in St. Charles parish. In 1838 lie went to Europe, and upon his return was appointed to the supreme court, but held office only a short time, preferring to devote himself to his extensive planting interests. Upon the reorganization of the supreme court in 1845, he was again appointed to the supreme court and served with distinction. At the beginning of the war his commanding abilities caused his appointment as one of the Confederate commissioners to Europe, and he was made commissioner to Spain, remaining there in the Confederate interest until the close of the war. Judge Rost was a man of brilliant mind, noted for the charm of his manner and fine presence.

ROUQUETTE, Adrian Emmanuel, poet: b. New Orleans, La., Feb. 13, 1813; d. there July 15,1887. He was educated at the College de Nantes and spent ten years thereafter in the capitals of Europe. Returning to this country, he studied law; but becoming interested in the Choctaw Indians in St. Tammany parish, he devoted his attention to their welfare. He settled among them, learned their language and taught them the rudiments of education. In 1845 he took orders in the Roman Catholic Church. He continued his work among the Indians throughout the war and until a year before his death, when he was compelled to return to New Orleans on account of his health. His poetry was commended by Sainte Beuve and other French critics. His works include: Les Savanes poesies Americaincs (1841); Fleurs Sauvages (1848); La The ba'ide en Amerique (1852); Poems of Estelle Anna Lewis (translated into French, 1855); L'Antoniade (1860); Poemes patriotiques (1860); Catherine Tegehkwiltha (1873); and a Critical Dialogue Between Aboo and Caboo on a New Book, or a Grandissime Ascension, edited by E. Junius (a satire on Cable's Grandissimes).

ROUQUETTE, Francois Dominique, author: b. New Orleans, La., Jan. 2, 1810. He studied at Orleans College in New Orleans, and later at the College de Nantes in France. In 1838 he returned to the United States and studied with William Rawle in Philadelphia. Going back to France, he devoted himself to writing. Besides contributions to L'Abeille de la Nouvelle Orleans and other journals, he published: Les Meschaceebcenes (1835); Fleurs d' Amerique; Poesies Nouvelles (1857); and a historical work on the Choctaw nation, written in French and English.

RUSSELL, Irwin, poet: b. Port Gibson, Miss., June 3, 1853; d. New Orleans, Dec. 23, 1879; buried in Bellefontaine cemetery, St. Louis. His father, a physician, moved to St. Louis shortly after his three-months-old son Irwin had suffered an attack of yellow fever. The boy was for a time put in school in St. Louis, but at the outbreak of the war Dr. Russell returned to Mississippi to cast in his lot with the South. Later Irwin took a commercial course in the University of St. Louis, graduating in 1869. He returned to Mississippi to study law, and by special legislative enactment was admitted to the bar two years before his majority. His fondness for music and literature turned him from the legal profession, however, and he began his literary career by writing for the magazines. In 1876 he became a contributor to Scribner's Monthly, and most of his work appeared in this magazine. On the death of his father he went to New York to continue his literary work. He won the friendship of many notable men, but he soon became ill and discouraged. He made his way to New Orleans as a stoker on a steamer, and succeeded in getting work on the New Orleans Times. He did not live long, however, for his frail constitution soon gave way under his excesses. His poems were collected and published by the Century Company in 1888. He was the pioneer writer in the exploitation of negro character and life for purely artistic purposes, and later writers who have followed his lead, such as Harris, Page, etc., have acknowledged their debt to him.

Scheppergrell, William, Physician, Laryngologist and Author, of 844 Maison Blanche Annex, New Orleans, La., was born Sept. 22, 1860, in Hanover, Germany. He received a high school and college education; and received the degree of M.D. from the Medical College of South Carolina at Charleston. Until 1890 he practiced his profession in Charleston, S.C.; and then removed to New Orleans, where he was appointed assistant surgeon to the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital. He is the inventor of many appliances used for special treatment of the ear, nose and throat. He has been president of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology; and past vice-president of the American Laryngological, Rhinological and Ontological Society. He is president of the American Hayfever Prevention Association, and chairman of its research department. He is a member of the United States Volunteer Medical Service Corps. He is president of the Audubon Park Commission; is president of the New Orleans Opera Association; is president of the Walnut Street Improvement Association and president of the Louisiana Moral Photoplay Association. He is associate editor of The Laryngoscope; and the author of various treatises valuable in the medical world. He is a member of the Chess Club, the Checkers and Whist Club, and of the Round Table Club. In 1882 he married Jessie A. Gambati of Venice, Italy; and they reside at 497 Walnut Street, New Orleans, La.

[Source: Herringshaw's American blue-book of biography: By Thomas William Herringshaw, American Publishers' Assoc.; Publ. 1919; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

SEJOUR, Victor, author: b. New Orleans, La., June 12, 1809. He made his literary debut in 1841 by his ode upon the Return of Napoleon. He is principally known, however, as a dramatist and an actor. He spent a great deal of time in Paris. His works are: Retour de Napoleon (1841); and the following plays: Diegarias (1844); La Chute de Sejan (1849); Richard III. (1852); L'Argent du Diable (1854); Les Noces Venitiennes (1855); Le Fils de la Nuit (1857); Andre Gerard (1857); Le Martyr du Caur (with M. Bresil, 1858).

SEMMES, Thomas Jenkins, lawyer: b. Georgetown, D. C., Dec. 16,1824; d. New Orleans, La., about 1903. He was educated at Georgetown College and at Harvard Law School. He practiced law about five years in Washington, D. C., and then removed to New Orleans, La., where he soon became one of the leaders at the bar. He held several political offices in Louisiana and was in the Confederate senate. He was professor of civil law in the University of Louisiana from 1873-79, and in 1886 was elected president of the American Bar Association for the following year.

STONE, Alfred Holt, planter and author: b. New Orleans, La., Oct. 16, 1870. He was educated at University of Mississippi, took special work in the literary department and graduated in law in 1891. He practiced law at Greenville, Miss., 1891-95; was in the fire insurance business, 1895-99. He has been a cotton planter since 1893. He takes a deep interest in studies of the negro race and kindred subjects. Member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, the American Social Science Association, the Southern Historical Association, the American Economic Association and the Mississippi Historical Society. From June, 1900, to Juno, 1901, he edited the Greenville Times and has contributed several articles to the publications of the Mississippi Historical Society. Since 1902 Mr. Stone has spent the greater part of his time in Washington, engaged in research work in the Library of Congress. His studies in the origin and effect of the amendments to the constitution of the United States growing out of the War of Secession, arid in the political and economic problems which are peculiar to the South, have made him a recognized authority upon these subjects. His contributions to the American Historical and American Economic Associations are highly regarded for their broadness of view and correctness of their conclusions. Many of Mr. Stone's monographs have been published in book form under the title, Studies in the American Race Problem. He has contributed to the present work: The Political Effects of the War (Vol. IV); The Negro in the South (Vol. X).

STUBBS, William Carter, educator: b. Gloucester county, Va., Dec. 7, 1846. He is the son of Jefferson W. Stubbs and Ann Walker Carter. Student at William and Mary College, 1860. Graduated at Randolph Macon College, 1862, University of Virginia, 1867. In 1875 married Elizabeth Saunders Blair. Served during the War of Secession in the Confederate cavalry. Professor of natural sciences East Alabama College, 1869-72; professor of chemistry, Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama, 1872-85; state chemist of Alabama, 1872-85; state chemist of Louisiana since 1886. Director of three experimental stations in charge of the Louisiana Geological Survey, state commissioner to the World's Fair in St. Louis, 1904. Director Louisiana Experimental Station in Audubon Park, New Orleans. Author of Sugar; The Descendants of Mordecai Cooke, and other works on genealogy, as well as many bulletins issued from the state experimental stations.

Soule, George, educator, author, president of Soule's college, was born May 14, 1834, in Barrington, N.Y. He received his education at the Sycamore academy, Illinois, and the medical, law and commercial schools of St. Louis, Mo. In 1856 he established at Soule's Commercial College and Literary institute of New Orleans, La., which has grown to be one of the leading educational institutions in the state. During the fifty-three years the Soule college has been in existence, over twenty-three thousand pupils have been taught within its walls. In 1862 he entered the military service of the confederate states as captain of Company A, Crescent regiment Louisiana volunteers of New Orleans, and served through the war. As a lecturer on commercial sciences and sociology, Professor Soule is well known to every young man in New Orleans and to educators north and south. He is the author of several works on practical mathematics and accounting. He has been president of the International Business College association and Business Educators' association of America; and is prominent in various social, scientific and educational organizations.

[Source: Progressive Americans of the Twentieth Century:By The Progressive Publishing Co.; Publ. 1910; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

SOULE, Pierre, French-American statesman and soldier: b. Castillon, near Bordeaux, France, Sept. 1802; d. New Orleans, La., March 26, 1870. He was the son of a judge and lieutenant in the army of the Republic. He was educated in the Jesuit college at Toulouse and later at Bordeaux. At the age of fifteen he became involved in a conspiracy against the Bourbons, fled from France and lived a year as a shepherd in the Pyrenees. Returning to France, he went to Paris and embarked in journalism. In 1825, as editor of a journal which attacked the government, he was sentenced to fine and imprisonment in St. Pelagie; but escaped to England, and thence went to Haiti in 1826. Coming to the United States, he went first to Baltimore, thence to New Orleans, then to Tennessee, and finally Kentucky. Here he worked as a gardener and learned English. In spite of his poverty he learned the law and was admitted to the bar in Louisiana. His eloquence and fire rapidly made him famous as a pleader. He was elected to the state senate in 1845. In 1847 he was sent to the senate of the United States to complete a vacant term and remained till 1853. He was opposed to compromise arid was pitted against Clay and Webster. While minister to Spain (1853-55) he fought a sensational duel with the French Ambassador Turgot. He was accused of complicity in the Madrid riots of 1854. He later met James Buchanan and J. Y. Mason at Ostend and Aix, and issued a manifesto proposing the forcible annexation of Cuba. Failing, he resigned (1855) and returned to practice law in New Orleans, and to promote the Tehu an tepee Canal in Mexico. He opposed secession, but went to Europe as Confederate agent. Arrested in New Orleans and imprisoned in Fort Lafayette. Being released he served on the staff of General Beauregard. Was made brigadier-general after the defense of Charleston for special service. Went to Havana and took part in Dr. W. M. Givin's abortive attempt to colonize Sonora. After the war he returned to New Orleans and resumed his law practice.

TAYLOR, Richard, soldier, son of General Zachary Taylor: b. New Orleans, Jan. 27, 1826; d. New York City, April 12, 1879. In 1839 he was sent to Edinburgh, Scotland, to be educated and remained there three years, and then spent one year in France. Returning to the United States he entered Yale and was graduated in 1845. After graduation he went at once to join his father in Mexico and served in several important battles. But ill health necessitated his leaving Mexico and he went to Jefferson county, Miss., where he engaged in cotton planting until 1849 when he went to St. Charles parish, La., and conducted a sugar plantation until the outbreak of the war. During this time (1856-60) Taylor was in the Louisiana legislature, was a delegate to the Democratic convention of 1860, both at Charleston and after its removal to Baltimore, and a member of the Louisiana secession convention. At the beginning of the war he entered the Confederate service and rendered valuable aid to the governor of Louisiana in organizing the state troops. In 1861, as colonel of the Ninth Louisiana regiment, he went to Virginia and there took part in many of the important battles. He served under Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley and by Jackson was recommended for promotion.

In 1863 he became major-general and was placed in charge of the division of Louisiana. Here he gradually recovered from the Federals the states west of the Mississippi, but was forced to fall back after the fall of Vicksburg. The exposure and privations suffered in the campaigns in Virginia caused a partial paralysis of the lower limbs from which Taylor was a great sufferer during this time. His most notable victory was his defeat of General Banks at Mansfield (1864) where with 8,000 men he routed Bank's army twice as large and captured twenty-two guns and 2,500 prisoners. The advantage gained by this was lost, however, in his defeat by Banks a few days later at Pleasant Hill. Soon after this Taylor was made lieutenant-general and at his own request placed in command of the department comprising Alabama and Mississippi. After the surrender of Lee and Johnston, Taylor was forced to surrender to Gen. Edward R. S. Canby at Oitronelle, May 4, 1865. He then went to Europe, but lack of means caused his return. For a time he tried to make a livelihood in Louisiana as superintendent of various public works, such as the Carondelet Canal, but the state was so overridden by "carpet-baggers" that all progress was prevented. In 1873 he went to Europe in the interest of Northern capitalists and upon his return removed his family to Winchester, Va., and turned his attention to literature. Taylor was not a deep scholar but was well read in general literature.

Thompson, Thomas P., Life Underwriter, Banker and Literature of 1812 Calhoun Street, New Orleans, La. was born Nov. 11, 1860, in Montgomery, Ala. He is director of the oldest bank in New Orleans; and chairman of the real estate committee that erected its six-hundred-thousand-dollar office building. He is president of the Greater New Orleans Homestead Association, and president of the Bienville Realty Company and other corporations. In 1910 he was president of the Century Club, and in 1913 was president of the Louisiana Historical Society. He has the largest private library of Americana of Louisiana, comprising six thousand volumes. He is the author of Louisiana Writers; and Guide to the French Quarter of New Orleans. [Source: Herringshaw's American blue-book of biography: By Thomas William Herringshaw, American Publishers' Assoc.; Publ. 1919; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

WALKER, Alexander, lawyer and historian: b. Fredericksburg, Va., Oct. 13, 1819; d. New Orleans, La., Jan. 24, 1893. He was graduated from the University of-Virginia, removed to New Orleans, La., where he practiced law and was a journalist. He edited the Jeffersonian, the official organ of Louisiana Democracy, and later edited the Delta, the Times, the Herald, the Picayune. At one time he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he edited the Enquirer. Returning to New Orleans, he became judge of the city court of New Orleans, and in 1861 he was a member of the secession convention of Louisiana. Among his writings are: Life of Andrew Jackson; Jackson and New Orleans; History of the Battle of Shiloh; Battle of New Orleans. In his sketches he was fond of words for their own sake, and not always chose his points with sufficient care, but would frequently give to the most trivial details undue consideration.

WALSINGHAM, Mary, author: b. Charleston, S. C., about 1835, but moved to New Orleans during her infancy. She was educated in a convent and in the public schools of that city, graduating from the Girls' High School under Mme. Angela Pogaud. She wrote impressive and passionate verse and prose . tales. Of the latter, The Palmetto Swamp, a war tale, is worthy of mention. Of her poems, Shot, Frown Not and The Old Tomb are perhaps the most intense and earnest.

Weis, Joseph Deutsch, Physician and Educator, of 1448 Jackson Avenue, New Orleans, La., was born June 12, 1872, in New Orleans, La. He received the degree of M.D. from Harvard University. He was house officer of the Massachusetts General Hospital; assistant histologian of the Harvard Medical School; and since 1907 has been assistant professor of medicine at Tulane University; and professor of tropical medicine at Tulane University. He is visiting physician to Charity Hospital, Touro Infirmary, New Orleans; and chief of clinic to chair of medicine at Tulane University. During the World-War he served in France. He is a member of the American Medical Association, Massachusetts Medical Society, Boston Society of Medical Science, Louisiana State Medical Society, Orleans Parish Medical Society, and New Orleans Medical Research Club. [Source: Herringshaw's American blue-book of biography: By Thomas William Herringshaw, American Publishers' Assoc.; Publ. 1919; Transcribed and submitted by Andrea Stawski Pack.]

WILDE, Richard Henry, poet: b. Dublin, Ireland, Sept. 24, 1789; d. New Orleans, Sept. 10, 1847. He was the son of an Irish patriot who refugee to Baltimore in 1797 and died a few years later. Finding an opening in a dry-goods store in Augusta, Ga,. the boy went there, induced his mother to follow him, and together they built up a general merchandise business. After seven years he began to study law, being then eighteen years old. He was admitted to the bar in 1809. He was at one time attorney general of Georgia. In 1815, shortly after reaching his twenty-fifth birthday, he was sent to Congress. Later he filled an unexpired term by appointment and was reflected to serve from 1827 to 1835. His opposition to Jackson effectually closed his political career, and he went abroad for travel and study, remaining nearly seven years in Southern Europe, chiefly Florence. Here he studied especially the work of Dante and Tasso. He discovered one of the authentic portraits of Dante and wrote a life (unpunished) of this poet. He also collected a large amount of material on Tasso which he published in two volumes under the title Conjectures and Researches Concerning the Love, Madness and Imprisonment of Tasso (1842). He also wrote a number of original poems and made many translations from French, Spanish and Italian poets. He returned to the United States, and in 1842 settled in New Orleans to practice law. He was later called to be professor of constitutional law in the University of Louisiana (now Tulane University). He succumbed to yellow fever in 1847 and was buried in Augusta, Ga. His best known lyric, The Lament of the Captive, better known from its first line, "My life is like the summer rose," was an interpolated song in his unfinished epic dealing with the Seminole War in Florida. It was published without his consent in 1815. One long poem, Hesperia, was edited and published by his son, William C. Wilde, in 1867.

WILLIAMS, Joseph Pierre Bell, Protestant Episcopal bishop: b. Kent county, Md., Feb. 11, 1812; d. New Orleans, La., Dec. 2, 1878. He was a student at Kenyon College, Grambier, Ohio, and later studied divinity at the Episcopal Theological Seminary at Alexandria, Va. He was ordained deacon in 1834, and priest in 1838, and served for a brief period as chaplain at the University of Virginia, and as chaplain in the United States army from 1843. After having been rector of parishes in Virginia from 1843 to 1848, he was called to the ministry of St. Mark's Church, Philadelphia, from which he retired upon the outbreak of the War of Secession in 1861, and went to Albemarle county, Va., to live on his plantation. In 1863 he went to England to get Bibles for the Confederate soldiers, and on his return was captured and confined in the Old Capitol Prison at Washington. He was consecrated bishop of the diocese of Louisiana in 1866.

WILSON, Augusta Jane Evans (nee Evans), novelist: b. Columbus, Ga., May 8, 1835; d. near New Orleans, La., May 9, 1909. Her father moved from Georgia to San Antonio, Texas, in 1847, where she lived with him for two years, and returned east to Alabama, and since 1849 had resided in Mobile, Ala. She was educated at home. Her interest was strongly enlisted in behalf of the Southern Confederacy, and her earlier novels had a great vogue in the South during that period. She was active in her ministrations to the soldiers of the Confederate army; and an encampment near Mobile was named "Camp Beulah" in honor of the novel Beulah, which served to make her first reputation as a writer of fiction. At this camp she was a frequent and assiduous visitor and nurse to the sick, the wounded and the dying. Her first novel, Inez, Tale of the Alamo (1856), was founded on the knowledge of the famous defense of the Alamo which she derived from her childish associations with San Antonio; and this was followed by Beulah (1859), Macaria (1864), St. Elmo (1866), Vashti (1869), Infelice (1875), At the Mercy of Tiberius (1887), A Speckled Bird (1902), and Devota (1907).

WITHERSPOON, ANDREW JACKSON, Presbyterian minister, was born July 10, 1824, at Waxhaws, S. C. , and died October 25, 1891, while on a business trip to Moss Point, Miss.; son of Col. James Hervey and Jane (Donnom) Witherspoon, the former a native of Williamsburg County, S. C., who removed to Lancaster Court House where he was district ordinary, commissioned as colonel of a militia regiment, 1818, elected lieutenant governor, 1826, and as candidate for the U. S. congress, at the time of his death; grandson of Capt. James and Nancy (White) Witherspoon, the former of Williamsburg District, and a captain in the Revolutionary Army, of the King's Tree company of South Carolina, and of Isaac and Sarah (Crawford) Donnom, of Colleton District, S. C.; great-grandson of Robert and Elizabeth (Heathly) Witherspoon, the former a native of County Down, Ireland, who emigrated with his father and grandfather to America and settled in Williamsburg District, S. C., and of Jonathan and Margaret ( Dunwoody) Donnom, the former a native of England or Scotland who emigrated to America and settled in Colleton District, S. C.; great-great-grandson of James and Elizabeth (McQuoid) Witherspoon, both natives of County Down, Ireland, who emigrated to America on the "Good Intent" and settled in Williamsburg District, S. C.; great-great-great-grandson of John and Janet (Witherspoon) Witherspoon, both natives of Scotland, moved to County Down, Ireland, emigrated to America with many relatives and settled in Williamsburg District, S. C. Rev. Dr. Witherspoon attended Davidson College, N. C.; studied law under his brother. Col. Isaac Donnom Witherspoon, at Yorkville, S. C.; abandoned the study of law and graduated from the Theological seminary at Columbia, S. C., 1850. In 1851 he moved to Greensboro, later to Marengo county, where he preached in the churches at Montpelier, Shiloh and Geneva, 1856-61. At the beginning of the War of Secession, he raised a company, called the "Witherspoon Guards," was offered its command, but declined, later to become chaplain of the 21st Alabama infantry regiment. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Shiloh and was held for five months at Johnson's Island. After his release he returned to his command, but his health gave way entirely, causing him to give up his work for a time. He soon secured another commission and continued in the Confederate service until the close of the war. After the war he was pastor and evangelist at Mobile. He went to New Orleans, 1873, where he established the Seamen's Bethel, of which he became the chaplain and remained in this work until his death. The degree of D. D. was conferred upon him by Erskine College, S. C., in 1880. Married: December 24, 1850, to Mary Way, his distant cousin and daughter of Dr. James Minto and Amarintha (Dick) Witherspoon (q. v.). Children: 1. Amarintha Mary, m. Rev. Dr. R. Q. Mallard; 2. Jane Donnom, m! Charles Coffin, son of Robert H. and Eli za (Bowie) Wardlaw, of Abbeville, S. C., and great nephew of Alexander Bowie (q. v.); 3. James Minto, merchant, New Orleans, La.; 4. Isaac Hervey, d. in infancy; 5. Jackson Thornwell, manager of American sugar refining company, New Orleans, m. Elvira, daughter of John and Josephine (Herndon) Barkley, of New Orleans; 6. Frances Dick, unm.; 7. Thomas Sydenham, member of Refined sugar brokerage company, m. Grace, daughter of F. A. and Jane (Reese) Jones of New Orleans. Last residence: New Orleans. [History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume 4 By Thomas McAdory Owen, Marie Bankhead Owen, 1921 - Transcribed by AFOFG]