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Massachusetts Almshouses
Transcribed by Candi Horton,
2007 © Genealogy Trails History Group.
This almshouse was designed and drawn by Louis Dwight, Secretary of the Prison Discipline Society
and G. J. F. Bryant, architect.
The plans have been so highly approved, that they have been adopted in the enlargement of the State Prison in Charlestown,
in the new Almshouse, in Cambridge, the Prison at Dedham, for the County of Norfolk and the new jail in Concord,
N .H..
Almshouse Reports
Of the 220 almshouses reported in the foregoing tables the majority have been visited during the year which
this report covers; and several towns which do not maintain almshouses have also been visited by direction of the
Inspector of Charities. The object of these visits has usually been to ascertain the condition of the insane persona
and children maintained by the different cities and towns, at their alms houses or in private families; but advantage
was taken of the opportunity thus afforded to inspect the sanitary condition and general management of the almshouses.
The Visitor in most cases was a woman, who has exercised the experience gained in domestic life for testing the
housekeeping of these establishments. Many of them have not met this test very well; and the publication of a brief
and frank report of what was observed will probably be useful to the town authorities in improving the condition
of their poor.
The new law of 1887, allowing the State Board to make provision for placing almshouse children in families
when the cities neglected this duty, has been enforced by the Board, and has led to a considerable reduction in
the number of children residing in the local almshouses. This result only began to appear in the summer and autumn,
and therefore is only occasionally mentioned in the following reports of almshouse visitation. It was found, as
might have been expected, but apparently against the expectation of some Overseers, that there is little difficulty
in placing children from almshouses in families, where the cost of maintaining them is actually less than it was
in the almshouse. Three or four small town almshouses have been condemned as unfit to occupy, or as not needed
because the number of paupers in town was so small, and have been abandoned during the past year. The most striking
example of this is in the town of Prescott, where the unfortunate circumstances preceding the death of an insane
inmate (Mrs. Joseph Lindsey), who ought not to have been kept in such an establishment, led the town to offer its
almshouse and farm for sale. Several new almshouses have been occupied or built during the year, and others have
been noticeably improved.
The last is true of the Lowell almshouse, which is still, however, in a very unsatisfactory condition, by reason
of the mingling of so many classes of occupants in one set of buildings.
SUFFOLK COUNTY.
This, which is the largest county in Massachusetts, with a population exceeding that of several of the smaller
States, has in some respects a very complete, and in others a very imperfect, system of management for its sane
and insane poor. The city of Boston has five or six almshouses, including the new one at Long Island, and the Austin
Farm establishment, which is still in law an almshouse, although in fact an asylum for the chronic insane; but
neither the city of Chelsea nor the small towns of Revere and Winthrop have any almshouse. Moreover, the care of
the poor in Boston itself has long been divided between two boards, the ancient Overseers of the Poor, who have
existed under that name for more than two centuries, and the Directors for Public Institutions of the city of Boston,
a board created by legislative act about thirty years ago. Disputes have sometimes arisen between these two boards
in regard to jurisdiction over particular cases, or the policy to be pursued concerning full support at certain
seasons of the year; and it has frequently been declared that the city expenditure is greater than it would need
to be if the whole pauper management were in a single board, or if it were differently divided. It is now proposed
by the Boston authorities to ask the Legislature to abolish the Board of Directors, and establish a smaller board
of paid commissioners to manage the present establishments on the islands, at Roxbury and South Boston, and at
Austin Farm. This would still leave the Suffolk Jail under an independent management, and would make no provision
for the poor of Chelsea and the smaller towns. It might be well, therefore, for the Legislature to consider the
propriety of creating a county board for the whole of Suffolk County, in which the cities and towns should all
be represented, and which should be free, so far as practicable, from political influence, both in its original
appointment and in its management of the large revenues devoted in Suffolk County to the relief and support of
the poor.
Reports of Almshouse Visitations
The following abstracts of reports made by the Visitors in the Inspector's department omit, in most cases,
the names of almshouse inmates, but not the names of Superintendents of the almshouses inspected. It is not intended
to present reports of all the visitations, but mainly of such as an illustrate the general character of the almshouses
in the different counties, or else show a special condition, good or bad, in certain almshouses.
Listed by Cities
A through K
L through Z
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ABINGTON - Plymouth County -(Mrs. S. M. BROWN).
The almshouse of Abington, visited June 29, 1887, is about half a mile from the railroad station, on a hill
near the main road. The house is of wood, painted yellow, without blinds; is out of repair and does not have in
the least a home look. For several years the town has adopted the plan of allowing the superintendent $2.50 per
week for each inmate, and the use of the farm and house. The water supply is good, but the drainage flows on the
top of the ground near the house. There is a kitchen which is used as a dining-room, a large pantry and a wash-room;
near these and adjoining these rooms are three bed-rooms. On this same floor are two sitting-rooms for the officers.
On the second floor are seven sleeping-rooms ; two in the attic are not in use. The bedsteads are old, of wood,
and abound with vermin. The matron says that it is impossible to get rid of them. With this exception, the house
was passably clean. It is heated by stoves, although there is a furnace in the building, the woman saying that
she can "run the house" more economically with stoves. There is a great temptation to cheapen the living
and economize in all directions, possibly sometimes at the expense of absolute necessities, by this plan of boarding
the poor. The superintendent, Columbus Alger, has been here two years. Of the inmates, four are men and one a woman
; none are insane or idiotic.
ACTON. (Visited June 10, 1898.)
There have been no changes at this almshouse since the last report. The house is clean and well managed, but
there is urgent need of better bathing arrangements.
The farm is quite productive, and vegetables, milk, etc., to the amount of $1,300, were sold last year.
There are three inmates, one of whom is insane and one idiotic. The house provides for no separation of the sexes.
The warden and matron together receive a salary of $325.
ACUSHNET. (Visited September H, 1898.)
This town no longer maintains an almshouse, but boards its dependents in private families.
ADAMS -Berkshire County (H. C. PRENTISS)
The almshouse of Adams was visited July 21, 1887, and the superintendent, M. J. Wheelock, and his wife the
matron were both at home. The condition of the place is good, and not essentially different from what it was found
by the Inspector a year ago. The situation is pleasant; the families entirely on the Hoosac mountain slope, and
seem to be of very good quality. Both house and are efficiently managed. It was stormy weather, and all the inmates
but one were found in the shelter of the two buildings where they room; the women in the main house, the men in
the detached building. None of the men had anything to do, hut two or three of the women were helping about the
house, and one was ironing. Tin- rooms were reasonably clean and orderly; the inmates as a rule take care of their
own, with the usual result that those of the men were in poorer condition than the others. There are thirteen paupers
here, — five men, four women, three hoys and one girl. None of these are insane, only two or three are able-bodied.
The list is as follows :
A. M., 78; feeble. (His wife Betsey died here last winter.)
H. R., 76; palsied, as a consequence of intemperance.
M. H., 61; a good worker.
M. L., 56; who has lost both his arms and his sight, and is otherwise disfigured by an explosion in a quarry, but
is corpulent and contented, though helpless.
Z. C., 81; said to have been a preacher of " Millcrism."
E. J., 81; (she has been called S.) whose husband, F., left within the past year.
B. R., 57; (who insists that her name is A.).
E. M., 36; a deserted wife, who has here two children, — W., 7; and Jessie, 4. J. M., 11. F. E., 6.
All of whom were here a year ago, and M. F., a middle-aged woman who came recently. The children seem very
well eared for, attending school when it keeps, but the new law has moved the Overseers to find places for them
in families. Mrs. M., who seems poorly, much dislikes this prospect of separation from her children. It may possible
stimulate her to self-support outside The sanitary arrangements of the almshouse are suitable ; drainage is almost
necessarily good, the waste water passing underground on each side of the house; and being discharged upon the
sloping fields below the highway. There is now an abundance of good spring water flowing to the house from its
sources up the hillside. Separate privies are provided for the men and women, and are suitably cared for. The place
is quite healthy. The establishment as a whole is satisfactory, quite equal to most of the country almshouses.
ADAMS. (Visited July 22, 1898.)
This almshouse was undergoing quite extensive repairs at time of the inspection, the town having appropriated
$3,000 for the purpose. An addition for the use of the warden and his family, as well as more commodious and satisfactory
accommodations for the inmates, will be provided. The objectionable arrangement whereby the warden received $2.50
per week for the support of each inmate has been done away with, and a salary of $750 is now paid the warden and
matron. There are eleven inmates, one of whom is epileptic and two are children. There is complete separation of
the sexes at night.
AGAWAM. (Visited July 19, 1898.)
The management of this almshouse is good, but the house is still in need of the improvements suggested in last
year's report, namely, better provision for the separation of the sexes, and a bath-room. The kitchen drainage
is defective, but might be remedied at small cost. The old wooden bedsteads should be replaced by iron ones, in
order to insure cleanliness. The farm is small, providing only sufficient vegetables for the use of the house.
There are six inmates, one of whom is insane. The warden and matron receive a salary of $275.
AHESBURT. (Visited April 27, 1898.)
As reported last year, this house is defective in structure, but under good management. It is proposed to add
a bath-room, a much needed improvement. The heating arrangements are still inadequate, though somewhat improved
since last year. The sexes are separated at night. There are twelve inmates, three of whom are insane and one is
idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $500.
AMHERST. (Visited August 22, 1898.)
This almshouse was found in better condition than last year. A bath-room, and provision for the separation
of the sexes, are still needed. The management is good, and the inmates are kindly treated. The farm contains 150
acres, about one-third of which ia tilled. There are three inmates, one of whom is idiotic. The warden and matron
receive a salary of $400.
ANDOVER. (Visited February 18, 1898.)
The management of this almshouse continues excellent. There is complete separation of the sexes except at meals.
The farm contains 75 acres, 30 of which are under cultivation. There are twenty-five inmates, six of whom are insane
and five idiotic, and two are children. The warden and matron receive a salary of $700.
ARLINGTON. (Visited September 7, 1898 )
This almshouse is under good management and in good repair. A hospital room and another bath-room are still
needed. There is no separation of the sexes. There are five inmates, one of whom is feeble-minded. The matron receives
a salary of $360.
ASHBT. (Visited June 13, 1898.)
This almshouse is old, in poor repair, and lacking in modern conveniences. Painting and papering are needed,
and the old wooden bedsteads should be replaced by iron ones. There is no provision for separation of the sexes.
A large part of the products of the farm is used for the inmates, about fifty of the one hundred and seventy-five
acres being tilled. The income from the farm last year was $1,016.
There are seven inmates, of whom two are insane and two idiotic. The warden and matron receive $400 per year.
ASHBURNHAM. (Visited August 29, 1898.)
The management here is good, but the heating and bathing arrangements are poor. The cellar is damp, and needs
draining. There is complete separation of the sexes at night, but none by day. About fifty of the two hundred acres
are cultivated. There are twelve inmates, three of whom are idiotic, and three are children. The warden and matron
receive a salary of $500.
ASHFIELD. (Visited September 14,. 1898.)
Excellent management is found at this almshouse. Praise is due the matron for the satisfactory condition of
the bed and person of one helpless inmate. Separation of the sexes is observed at night, but not by day. A bath-room
is needed. There are three inmates, one of whom is idiotic and epileptic, and one demented. The warden and matron
receive a salary of $300.
ASHLAND. (Visited April 22, 1898.)
This almshouse was not found in as clean a condition as desirable. Better bathing and heating facilities are
needed. There is separation of the sexes at night, but none by day. About forty- five acres of the one hundred
twenty are under cultivation, and the income from the farm last year was $2,105. There are six inmates, of whom
one is insane and two are idiotic. The warden and matron receive $500 for their services.
ATHOL. (Visited August 22, 1898.)
This almshouse, under new management, was found neat and clean, but it is poorly arranged and furnished. There
is complete separation of the sexes at night, but none at meals or by day. The farm contains seventy-five acres,
about twenty-five of which are tilled. There are ten inmates, three of whom are insane and one is idiotic and epileptic.
The warden and matron receive a salary of $350.
ATTLEBOROUGH . (Visited April 18,1898.)
Although well managed, this almshouse is not a credit to the town. It is old, and not suited for its present
use, and it has neither proper bathing facilities nor suitable heating apparatus. There is no separation of the
sexes. There are five inmates, three of whom are idiotic and two are children. The warden receives a salary of
$400.
AYER. (Visited June 7, 1898.)
This almshouse was found clean and orderly throughout. Since the last report a bath-tub has been placed in
the house. Flush water-closets in place of the old privy vaults would be a great improvement. Better heating arrangements
are needed. The structural arrangement provides for complete separation of the sexes at night. About twenty of
the sixty acres are tilled, the income from the farm last year having been $600. There are at present five male
inmates, one of whom is insane, and three are idiotic. The warden receives a salary of $650.
BARNSTABLE (visited by Mrs. S. M. BROWN)
This almshouse, visited July 19, 1887, at West Barnstable, is one-quarter of a mile from the railroad station,
quite old, shingled on all sides, has blinds on the front only, and is two stories in height. The town officers
have the room on the right as you enter the house, where they meet either as Selectmen or Assessors, and for any
other official business. At present the assessors are there every day, and will be for a month, to make up the
tax list. In the --ll of the house on the first floor are six sleeping-rooms occupied by the men. These are of
good size, furnished with iron bedsteads and with straw and feather beds, all in good condition. The women have
the second story, where are eight sleeping-rooms also furnished with good beds and bedding; these with two exceptions
were in excellent condition. One of these is occupied by an old lady who is very filthy, and the room is intolerable;
the other by an insane woman, who would not be persuaded to open her door. The inmates have a large dining-room
or the kitchen, as all the cooking is done here upon a range, and also a sitting-room downstairs. All these rooms
I found in satisfactory condition. The drainage is good, and the water supply is from wells. The superintendent,
James Arey, has been in charge five years; salary $350. Of the ten inmates five are men and five are women; one
woman is insane, and one man and three women are idiotic. I saw them all. The oldest is a man of 77 and there are
three women of 72, 73 and 74; two men of 64 and 68; a man (idiotic) of 49 ; another (epileptic) of 27 and two idiotic
women of 26 and 34.
BARNSTABLE. (Visited September 20, 1898.)
This almshouse, as usual, was found neat and clean, and under satisfactory management. The practice of lodging
tramps in the house still exists, and should be abandoned. There is urgent need of at least one bath-room in a
house where fifteen people live. There is complete separation of the sexes by night, but none at meals or by day.
Three of the inmates are insane and three are idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $400.
BARRE. (Visited June 4, 1898.)
Although the management of this almshouse is good, the condition of the sewerage and the water-closets is to
be condemned. New and more suitably placed closets should be built, and the cellar should be drained. A better
arrangement should be made for the care of the insane inmates. There is complete separation of the sexes. There
are four inmates, of whom one is insane and one is idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $500. The
town boards one of its insane poor in a private family, where she receives good care. The sum of $2 per week is
paid for her board.
BECKET. (Visited July 23, 1898.)
Three dependents of this town, a mother and two daughters, are supported in a private family, at a cost of
$110 per year for all. Arrangements have been made with the Overseers of the Poor for a different and better disposition
of these cases, which are all feeble-minded.
BEDFORD. (Visited February 9, 1898.)
This almshouse is under the same efficient management as last year, and was found in a neat and clean condition.
Better heating facilities, a bath-room, and some repairs are much needed. Of the one hundred and eighteen acres
of land about twenty-five are under cultivation, the income from the farm last year having been $1,800. There is
no separation of the sexes, or of the sane from the insane. There are eight inmates, of whom four are insane or
idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $500.
BELCHERTOWN. (Visited June 3, 1898.)
With the exception of its poor heating and bathing facilities, this house was found in a satisfactory condition.
A new creamery has been built, and some minor but important repairs have been made. A building for tramps has also
been erected, detached from the main house. The management is good and the house is clean. There is no provision
for separation of the sexes, or of the sane from the insane. About one-third of the one hundred and seventy acres
is under cultivation. There are seven inmates, of
whom two are insane, and one is idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $400.
BELLINGHAM. (Visited September 1, 1898.)
The management of this almshouse continues good, but the building is poorly arranged and equipped. The bath-tub
should be supplied with hot and cold water, and the house should not be heated by stoves. There is complete separation
of the sexes by night, but none by day. There are nine inmates, three of whom are insane, and one is idiotic. The
warden and matron receive $500 for their services.
BERKLEY. (Visited February 15, 1898.)
No inmates were found at this almshouse, although it is kept open. The warden and matron receive a salary of
$200.
BERLIN. (Visited July 8,1898.)
This town, having no almshouse, supports three of its demented poor in private families, where they receive
good care.
BEVERLY. (Visited March 2, 1898.)
This almshouse is poorly arranged, and the rooms are small and not as attractive as they could be made by a
generous use of paintand whitewash. The management is good, but more hired help should be employed in-doors. There
is complete separation of the sexes. As twenty-two of the thirty inmates are mentally defective, they need more
careful supervision than they now receive, and provision should be made for their separation from the sane inmates.
The warden receives $500 for his services.
BILLERICA. (Visited June 6,1898.)
This almshouse was found clean and well managed, but lacking in proper heating and bathing facilities. There
is suitable separation of the sexes by night, but not by day. The farm contains one hundred acres, fifty of which
are cultivated, the income from the farm last year being $2,624. There are eight inmates, two of whom are insane,
and one idiotic. The warden receives a salary of $504.
BLACKSTONE. (Visited May 18, 1898.)
This almshouse is in the same condition as before reported, fairly well managed and in fair repair, but lacking
in provision for proper separation of the sexes, and of the sane from the insane. With the exception of the cellar
drainage, no repairs of note have been made. Ninety-five of the one hundred and ninety-six acres of land are under
cultivation, the products from which yielded $323 last year. There are nineteen inmates, two of whom are insane.
The warden and matron receive a salary of $450.
BOLTON. (Visited July 8, 1898.)
There have been no repairs of note at this almshouse for some years, and the place is unfit for its present
use. Better heating and bathing facilities should be supplied. The rooms are poorly furnished and cheerless, but
the management is as good as can be expected, and the house clean and neat. The drainage is in a
bad condition, and may cause trouble unless it receives attention. There is no separation of the sexes. There are
six inmates, of whom one is insane, and three are idiotic. The warden receives a salary of $300.
Mrs. S. M. Brown visit began with the old Charlestown Almshouse, March 7, 1887, where the superintendent, because
she had no pass from the Directors, was unwilling to give her access to the rooms and to furnish information. Her
report is as follows :
The almshouse of Charlestown is located on Alford Street, as you pass over the bridge to Everett. It is a large
brick building of four stories, and has two wings. This house has been built a great many years and needs repairing.
It is over-crowded, several of the rooms having five or six beds in them. The attic has the past year been finished
and accommodates about forty persons. There were present on the day of my visit 213 inmates, of whom 43 were men
and 170 women; and of these women, 12 appeared to be insane, but quiet. The inmates generally sleep on iron bedsteads
with straw beds, and I found both beds and bedding generally in good condition. The house throughout was neat and
in good order, and the inmates seemed to be well fed and properly cared for. Repairs and improvements have been
made in the old building and some of these were not completed. There are now five bath-rooms for the inmates, where
formerly there was but one; and cooking by steam has been introduced during the past year. It will be observed
that most of the inmates here as at Austin Farm, when I visited there, are women; and this classification by sex
is one of the features of the Boston almshouses. The Charlestown almshouse, however, still retains the pauper men
who were there many years ago, although the number has not been increased as that of the women has. There is an
entire separation of the sexes, and the house is under strict and competent management.
CHARLESTOWN. - Boston- (Visited April 8, 1898.)
This almshouse was found under the same management, and in a very satisfactory condition. No changes in structure
have been, made, though some may be necessary in the near future. There are one hundred and twenty-five inmates,
all apparently receiving the best of care.
BOXFORD. (Visited September 8, 1898.)
This place is under the same inefficient management reported last year, being dirty and disorderly throughout.
A bathroom, supplied with hot and cold water, and a flush water-closet have been added since the last report. The
use of paint and whitewash, and good housekeeping would make this almshouse an attractive place. There is no provision
for the separation of the sexes. There is but one inmate, an epileptic. The warden and matron receive a salary
of $450.
BOYLSTON. (Visited May 24, 1898.)
This almshouse was found under good management. Since the previous visit the interior of the house has been
renovated by the use of paint and whitewash, and is now clean and attractive. It is hoped that the need of a bath-room
and better bathing facilities will be realized in the near future, and the necessary changes made as soon as possible.
The house provides for no separation of the sexes. There are four inmates, two of whom are mentally defective.
The warden receives a salary of $400.
BRAINTREE. (Visited April 7, 1898.)
The management of this almshouse remains the same, and no changes are reported. The practice of lodging tramps
in the main house still exists, and should be tolerated no longer. There is complete separation of the sexes by
day and by night, but none at meals. There is no separation of the insane from the sane. There are eleven inmates,
one of whom is insane, and three are idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $480.
BREWSTER (Mrs. S. M. BROWN)
The almshouse of Brewster, visited July 27, 1887. is one mile from the village of Brewster, is a wooden house
of one story with an ell which has two stories, and is in good repair. The superintendent, Elkanah Rogers, came
May 1st, 1887; salary $260. The management is good, and one of the selectmen said the town was fortunate in procuring
the present superintendent and his wife to care for the poor. There are no facilities for bathing. On the first
floor are five bed-rooms, a dining-room, used also as a sitting-room, a kitchen and pantry; and there are eight
rooms on the second floor. The sleeping-rooms are provided with wooden bedsteads with straw and feather beds, and
have clean and comfortable bedding. The drainage is good and the water supply, which is from wells and a cistern.
Of the seven inmates three are men, two are women and two boys ; one man and one woman and one boy are idiotic.
Three of the inmates were away, one of them painting in the village, and two were in the pasture picking berries.
The list is as follows :
C. E. B., 60; partially paralyzed, but is able to earn a little money painting.
L. L., 30; a cripple, cannot walk, knits edging which he sells.
F. P. M., 30; idiotic, sometimes works for people away from the almshouse.
W. S., 13; simple-minded, but attends school.
C. S., 12; (I called the attention of Mr. Foster, one of the selectmen, to this case, but he thought the boy was
not bright enough to board out; the matron calls him a smart boy.
Polly M., 53; able to work, simple.
M. M., 31; idiotic daughter of Polly.
BREWSTER. (Visited August 3,1898.)
Good management was found at this almshouse. Better heating and bathing facilities are still greatly needed.
There is partial separation of the sexes at night, but none by day; there is no separation of the insane from the
sane. There are twelve inmates, of whom one is insane and five are idiotic. The matron receives a salary of $300.
BRIDGE WATER. (Visited September 22, 1898.)
The almshouse here, although old, remains under good manage ment, and is neat and clean. Some minor repairs
have been made, but many more are needed. Two new water-closets should take the place of the present one, which
is in bad condition. There is no separation of the sexes. There are twelve inmates, three of whom are insane, and
one is epileptic and idiotic. The warden and matron receive $300 a year for their services.
BRIMFIELD. (Visited June 2 and July 9, 1898.)
New and improved management was found at this almshouse. Inside, the house is badly out of repair, poorly furnished,
and cheerless. There are no bathing facilities, and no means for the separation of the sexes or of the insane from
the sane. There are seven inmates, two of whom are insane ; one of the latter, a blind and demented man, is to
be committed to a hospital for the insane.
BROCKTON - Plymouth County - (Mrs. S. M. BROWN).
The almshouse of Brockton is about one and one-half miles from the railroad station. It was built in 1883,
at a cost of $12,000; is of wood and has two stories, besides a basement. The superintendent occupies the central
portion, the inmate men have the north wing, and the women the south wing. The basement has a kitchen, laundry,
and smoking-rooms, besides pantries, boiler room and vegetable- cellar. On the first floor on the left is the office,
while on the right is the dining-room for the superintendent; in the rear of the hall is the dining-room for the
inmates; and on the right of this dining-room are five sleeping-rooms for men, a bathroom, water-closets, and padded
rooms for refractory persons or those determined to injure themselves. On the south side are six sleeping-rooms
(one having two beds), water-closets and a bathroom. The second story has five bed-rooms, one padded room and water-closets,
while the north side has six sleeping-rooms and water-closets for the men. The attic has a large hospital-room
with four neat beds, pictures on the walls, and every way pleasant. The hall doors were locked, yet the men could
from their own side of the house pass down into the yard when they chose. Four women were locked in their rooms,
and one was in the padded room, who refuses to wear anything, and tears her bedding and clothing. The fourteen
insane were very quiet, except one, who was noisy, singing and screaming; and with three exceptions they were neatly
clothed and comfortable. All but one were idle; this one was sewing. The house is heated by steam. The water comes
from wells, and by a windmill is forced into a tank, whence it is distributed through the house. The bedsteads
are iron, furnished, some with straw and some with feather beds, all clean and free from vermin. The food is taken
by a dumb-waiter from the basement to each floor above, and the house is very conveniently arranged. There is an
old structure just back of the main building containing twelve lodging rooms, but with the exception of the hired
man who sleeps here it is empty ; when necessary it will be occupied. The old almshouse near by is used by C. D.,
his wife and four children. The town gives him the rent of the house, fire-wood and milk for family use, and pays
him small wages; otherwise the family would be in the almshouse. The superintendent, R. J. Peck, has been here
five years ; salary $700. The house, with the exception of the basement, was in excellent order but the kitchen,
laundry and smoking-rooms were in bad condition. Of the 25 inmates 12 are men, 10 women and 3 children; 6 men and
8 women are insane, and 1 is idiotic. I saw them all.
BROCKTON. (Visited June 2, 1898.)
As reported in previous years, the management of this almshouse is most excellent, everything about the place
bearing evidence to the fact. The farm is well managed, yielding a satisfactory income. There are thirty-one inmates,
twelve of whom are insane, five idiotic, and one is epileptic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $1,500.
BROOKFIELD. (Visited June 7, 1898.)
The almshouse remains under the same management. It is neat and clean, and the inmates apparently receive good
care. There is no separation of the sexes, or of the insane from the sane. The farm of two hundred and ninety-seven
acres is partially cultivated, and yielded an income of $1,383 during the past year. There are eight inmates, of
whom one is insane, and one idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $400.
BROOKLINE. (Visited July 8, 1898.)
The management of this almshouse and of the farm is excellent. The house is in good repair and was found neat
and clean, and the inmates receive kind treatment. There are eight inmates; no insane are received.
BUCKLAND. (Visited September 14, 1898.)
A new almshouse is greatly needed in this town, as the present one is hardly worth repairing. The management
is fairly good. The separation of the sexes at night is insecure, and there is no separation during the day. There
are eight inmates, of whom four are insane. The warden and matron receive a salary of $420.
BURLINGTON. (Visited September 5, 1898.)
This almshouse is under fairly good management. It needs painting on the exterior, and repairs and improvements
inside. Both the heating and bathing facilities are inadequate. There are four inmates, one of whom is feeble-minded.
The warden and matron receive a salary of $400.
CAMBRIDGE. (Visited March 25, 1898.)
As usual, this almshouse was found under good management. There have been no changes during the year. A larger
house, built in accordance with modern plans, is needed. There is complete separation of the sexes, and partial
separation of the sane from the insane. The inmates number one hundred and fourteen, twenty-six of whom are insane
or idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $1,500.
CANTON (H. C. PHENTISS)
This town, whose almshouse has been in a disgraceful condition for some years and so reported by the Inspector
of Charities, has now built a new one, which, no doubt, will be satisfactory when completed and furnished, which,
however, will not be before March next. The old almshouse when visited Dec. 30, 1887, had seventeen inmates, —
ten men, four women, and three children ; one man is insane. The new almshouse is on Walpole Street, a mile west
of the Junction station. The farm contains about forty acres, but of this not over three acres are, at present,
tilled, and the greater portion is wooded. The establishment consists of a large farmhouse in good repair, which
is having an addition, — two stories of wood, about thirty-two by seventy-three feet. The farmhouse has a dozen
sleeping rooms, and there will be as many more in the addition. Steam heat is provided, and water flows from a
source on the farm into the second storyv. There are to be two bathtubs in one bathroom on the second floor, with
water-closets attached ; the drainage seems well provided for. The house is nearly finished within, the plastering
being completed, but it is not likely that it can be occupied before April, as the present appropriation, in all
$13,000, will not suffice for the building and furnishing. The work is not in the hands of the Overseers.
CANTON. (Visited September 22, 1898.)
Excellent management prevails at this almshouse, both within the house and on the farm. There is partial separation
of the sexes by day, and complete separation by night and at meals, but there is no special provision for the insane.
There are fifteen inmates, two of whom are insane and two idiotic. The warden and matron receive $500 for their
services.
CARVER - Plymouth County - ( Mrs. S. M. BROWN).
The Carver Almshouse, visited August 26, 1887, is about a mile from the village of Carver, and seven miles
from the Plympton station. It is an old, one-story building, so much dilapidated as to be hardly worth repairing.
The rooms are small, inconvenient, poorly-ventilated, but numerous, six bed-rooms, two sitting-rooms, a pantry
and a kitchen. The furniture is old, and the beds and bedding poor. The water supply is sufficient, but the drainage
unsatisfactory. The superintendent is a woman, Mrs. Shurtleff, here since February, 1887 ; salary $5 per week.
She makes no use of the farm, except for a small vegetable garden. There were five inmates, four men, and one woman
who is blind ; all the men are old, one is a cripple, and one, W. 8., is insane but quiet.
CARVER. (Visited September 22, 1898.)
This almshouse has been opened for the first time in eleven years. It was found under the excellent management
of a matron. The building has been renovated within, and presents a pleasing and homelike appearance. The drainage
needs attention, and a pump connected with the well should be placed in the house. There is no provision for separation
of the sexes. There are four inmates, two of whom are insane. The matron receives $5 per week for her services.
CHARLEMONT. (Visited September 15, 1898.)
This town supports one of its dependents, an insane woman, in a private family; $2 per week is paid for her
board.
CHARLTON. (Visited June 8,1898.)
This almshouse was found clean and orderly within. There is partial separation of the sexes at night and during
the day, but none at meals. There are eight inmates, two of whom are insane, and one is idiotic. The warden receives
$350 for his services.
CHATHAM (Mrs. S. M. BROWN)
The nearest railroad station to Chatham is Harwich, ten miles away. The almshouse, visited July 27, is in Chatham
village. It is a large building of wood, two stories high, and in pretty good repair. The management seems to be
efficient, and the inmates are well clothed and apparently kindly treated.
Food is ample, and the inmates are contented. On the first floor are a kitchen, seven bed-rooms and a dining-room;
this kitchen and two of the bed-rooms are for the superintenclent's use. The second floor has ten sleeping-rooms.
No provision is made for bathing or for a separation of the sexes. Iron bedsteads with straw and feather beds are
furnished, which I found clean and comfortable. The house is heated by a furnace, and the water is from a cistern.
The drainage is good. The superintendent, Charles R. Atwood. has been in charge a year; salary $200. Of the seven
inmates three are men, three women and one a boy. I saw all of them but two, who were away. Of this number none
are insane or idiotic.
CHATHAM. (Visited August 3, 1898.)
This almshouse is well managed, and clean. There is lack of provision for separating the sexes, and also of
a bath-room and proper heating facilities. No repairs have been made for some years. There are seven inmates, of
whom two are feeble-minded. The warden receives a salary of $150.
CHELMSFORD. (Visited June 6, 1898.)
At this almshouse two well-equipped bath-rooms and water- closets have been added since the last report, and
the house has been well renovated by the use of paint, paper, and whitewash. A windmill is to be erected soon,
which will furnish water for the house. The management is good, but there is no provision for separation of the
sexes. There are seven inmates, four of whom are insane or idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $350.
CHESHIRE. (Visited July 19, 1898.)
This town supports two of its insane dependents in private families, at a cost of $10 per month for each. Although
one of these houses was dirty, the patient living there reported herself as satisfied.
CHESTERFIELD. (Visited August 23, 1898.)
This town supports one of its idiotic dependents in a private family, at a cost of $1.25 per week, where he
apparently receives good care.
CHICOPEE. (Visited March 15,1898.)
During the year the sum of $1,500 has been expended for repairs at this almshous'e, and much has been done
to improve its condition. A new wing, which will provide suitable separation of the sexes, and relieve the over-crowded
condition of the house, is greatly needed. The housekeeping should be improved, and sufficient means should be
taken to exterminate the vermin, which abound. Only one of the two bath-rooms is in use. There are fifty-one inmates,
six of whom are insane or idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $650.
CLINTON. (Visited February 24, 1898.)
This almshouse is fairly well managed, but it was not found as clean as it should have been. No changes have
been made since the last report, except in management. There is complete separation of the sexes by day and by
night, although there is none at meals. A small part of the farm is under cultivation. There are twenty inmates,
only one of whom is mentally defective. The warden receives a salary of $700.
COHASSET. (Visited September 27,1898.)
No changes are reported at this almshouse, and it is totally unfit for its present use. Owing to structural
defects, separation of the sexes, and of the sane from the insane, cannot be secured. The place is well managed,
and the inmates receive good care. There are eight inmates, two of whom are insane and three idiotic. The warden
receives a salary of $600.
CONCORD. (Visited August 18, 1898.)
Good management and a general satisfactory condition of affairs were again found at this almshouse. The one
objectionable feature here is the lodging of tramps in the house, a practice that should be discontinued.
There are six inmates, all sane. The warden and matron receive a salary of $480.
CONWAY. (Visited Angust 26, 1898.)
No repairs of note have been made at this almshouse, although a few are about to be made. A bathroom supplied
with hot and cold water, and a safer method of heating the house, are greatly needed. The practice of lodging tramps
in the bed-chambers should not be allowed. There is no separation of the sexes. There are six inmates, of whom
one is insane and one idiotic. The warden receives a salary of $300.
CUMMINGTON. (Visited May 27, 1898.)
This town supports a feeble-minded dependent in a family, where she is kindly treated. The sum of $2 per week
is paid for her board. Another dependent, a weak-minded man, was seen August 23, 1898, in Worthington, where he
is boarded. He also receives satisfactory care.
DALTON. (Visited July 18, 1898.)
This town supports two feeble-minded dependents in the families of relatives; in each case they receive satisfactory
care. The whole family to which one of these cases belongs comes upon the town for support. The other case is boarded
at a cost of $10 per month.
DANA. (Visited August 23, 1898.)
As reported last year, this house needs many improvements to make it a satisfactory almshouse. No changes have
been made during the year. The house is scantily furnished, but was found in a clean and neat condition. There
is but one inmate, an insane woman, who has good care. The warden and matron receive a salary of $200.
DANVERS. (Visited October 10,1898.)
Four of the idiotic and insane dependents of this town are boarded in private families, where they receive
satisfactory care, at an average cost of $10 per month.
DARTMOUTH. (Visited September 13, 1898.)
As reported last year, this almsbouse was found neat and clean, and under proper management. No changes have
been made. The greatest need now is a properly equipped bath-room. There is complete separation of the sexes. There
are seven inmates, one of whom is idiotic. The farm of eighty acres is partially cultivated. The warden and matron
receive a salary of $400.
DEDHAM. (Visited March 11, 1898.)
This almshouse was found in excellent condition, and under most efficient management. It is quite probable
that the almshouse will be sold in the near future, as it is in a part of old Dedham now known as the town of Westwood.
In this case it is probable that Dedham will build a new almshouse within the town limits. Complete separation
of the sexes was found. There are eleven inmates, three of whom are insane or idiotic.
DEERFIELD. (Visited August 25, 1898.)
As reported last year, the cellar at this almshouse has poor ventilation and bad drainage. That this condition
should have been allowed to remain is most discreditable. No changes of any kind have been made during the year,
though many are needed. A bath-room and a furnace are among the much needed improvements. There are but two inmates,
both insane women. The warden receives a salary of $275.
DENNIS (Mrs. S. M. BROWN)
The almshouse of Dennis, visited July 26,1887 is two miles from the railroad station on a very lonely road,
far from neighbors. The house is large and with the outbuildings presents a very neat appearance, all of them being
painted or whitewashed. There are no bathing facilities. The selectmen have a front room for town business, and
here the town records are kept, as well as all town accounts. The kitchen is used as the inmates dining room. There
are eleven sleeping rooms on the second floor with straw and feather beds.
These were clean and in good order; one room occupied by an idiotic man was somewhat faulty, and the only exception.
This room has a barred window, and the occupant is locked in at night. The establishment seems to be well-managed,
and the inmates kindly treated. The sewage matter from the kitchen and the rest of the house is carried away in
pails and emptied upon the land, for there is no drain. This arrangement is objectionable. The superintendent,
Barzillai Chase, has been here three years ; salary $225.
Of the inmates four are men and two women ; one man is idiotic, one woman is insane. I did not see them all, for
two were away on a visit. One of these was the insane woman, M. P., who is at times noisy. She is 76, and there
are two men of 75 and 76, and another of 57. The idiotic man, W. B., 23 years old, is an epileptic, and needs restraint
at times. He is then fastened by a chain attached to his ankle in the corner of the dining-room, for he is apt
to run away; is troublesome, very noisy, etc.
DENNIS. (Visited August 3, 1898.)
The condition of this almshouse is the same as reported last year, and it remains under good management. The
town authorities should not allow tramps to lodge in the house. There is no provision for the separation of the
sexes either by day or by night. There are six inmates, two of whom are idiotic. The warden receives a salary of
$300.
DlGHTON. (Visited February 15, 1898.)
Excellent management was found at this almshouse. The house needs better heating apparatus and a bath-room.
Though there are but three inmates, separation of the sexes cannot be secured. The farm is small, and but little
income is realized from it. The warden receives a salary of $275.
DOUGLAS. (Visited June 9, 1898.)
Though this almshouse was found neat and clean, it is not well equipped for its use. It needs better heating
and bathing facilities. No provision is afforded for separation of the sexes. There are seven inmates, two of whom
are idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $300. The town supports one of its dependents with his mother,
at a cost of $3 per week. He has every necessary attention.
DRACUT. (Visited. March 9, 1898.)
The appearance of this almshouse has been improved, both outside and inside, by the use of paint and whitewash.
The management is satisfactory, and the inmates have the appearance of being kindly treated. No provision for separation
of the sexes is made. There are at present but three inmates, one of whom is an insane woman. The warden receives
a salary of $400.
DUDLEY. (Visited June 9, 1898.)
This almshouse was cleaner and more orderly than at the time of the previous inspection, though still better
management is desirable. No changes of note were found. There is no provision for separating the sexes, or the
sane from the insane. There are six inmates, three of whom are insane or idiotic. The warden receives a salary
of $450.
DUXBURY. (Visited September 28, 1898.)
The management of this almshouse is fairly satisfactory, but it is very poorly arranged. The house was built
only two years ago, yet it provides for no separation of the sexes. There are five inmates, one of whom is insane.
EAST BRIDGEWATER. (Visited January 24, 1898.)
This almshouse was found in good condition, and under good management.
About twenty-five of the one hundred and thirty acres of land are under cultivation, and yielded a small income
last year. The sexes are completely separated, both by day and by night. There are nine inmates, two being insane
and three idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $425.
EASTHAM. (Visited August 4, 1898.)
Two of the dependents of this town are boarded in private families. One is a feeble-minded woman, who is boarded
at a cost of $2 per week; the other is insane, and the sum of $4 per week in winter and $3 in summer is paid for
her board.
EASTHAMPTON. (Visited August 29,1898.)
As usual, this almshouse was found in a clean and orderly condition. Little repairing has been done upon the
house, but the barns have been greatly altered and improved. About one-half of the fifty-eight acres of the farm
are under cultivation. There is partial separation of the sexes by night, but none by day. There are thirteen inmates,
seven of whom are insane. The warden receives a salary of $600. The town supports one of its insane dependents
with her sister, who receives $1 per week for her support.
EASTON. (Visited September 27, 1898.)
This almshouse was found under the same management as when last visited, and was in a satisfactory condition.
No repairs have been made during the year. There is no separation of the sexes, and none of the sane from the insane.
The farm is well managed, about fifty of the one hundred and fifty acres being tilled. The income from the farm
last year was $2,400. There are ten inmates, six being insane or idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary
of $500.
ENFIELD. (Visited June 30, 1898.)
This town supports one of its feeble-minded dependents in a private family in South Leverett, where she has
a good home, at a cost of $2 per week.
ERVING. (Visited June 29, 1898.)
One insane woman, a dependent of this town, is supported in a private family in Montague, at a cost of $2 per
week.
ESSEX. (Visited June 22, 1898.)
This almshouse was found under the same good management as in former years, but little else can be said in
praise of it. As has been stated in previous reports, a new house is greatly needed. There is partial separation
of the sexes by day and by night. There are eight inmates, seven of whom are mentally defective. The warden receives
a salary of $400.
FAIRHAVEN. (Visited September 13, 1898.)
This almshouse presents a pleasing appearance on the outside, and cleanliness and order prevail inside. The
house is comfortably warmed, provides for the separation of the sexes, and has excellent bathing facilities. The
farm of fifteen acres yielded an income of $275 last year. There are five inmates, two of whom are insane and one
is idiotic. The warden receives a salary of $400.
FALL RIVER. (Visited March 4, 1898.)
As usual this place was found in a satisfactory condition, being clean and orderly, and well managed. The sexes
are completely separated, but there is no separation of the sane from the insane. At present there are one hundred
and twenty inmates, sixteen of whom are reported to be idiotic. The warden receives a salary of $650 and the matron
$350.
FALMOUTH. (Visited October 3, 1898.)
The same excellent management was again found at this almshouse, but the warden and matron are soon to resign.
Owing to the unwise economy of the Overseers of the Poor, bathroom facilities are still lacking. The drainage is
bad, and needs immediate attention. There is no separation of the sexes. There are seven inmates, four of whom
are insane or idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $375.
FITCHBURG. (Visited May 11, 1898.)
Good management was found at this almshouse. The exterior of the house has been painted, which much improves
its appearance. Improvements are to be made in the barn, and it will be enlarged to twice its present size. About
one-half of the eighty-nine acres of land are under cultivation, and the products are used for the inmates' table.
There is complete separation of the sexes. The inmates number seventy-four, of whom twenty-eight are insane or
idiotic. The warden receives a salary of $700.
FOXBOROUGH. (Visited March 28,1898.)
As before stated, this almshouse is disgracefully out of repair, and entirely unfit for its present use. There
are but two inmates, both women. The warden and matron receive a salary of $300.
FRAMINGHAM. (Visited April 22, 1898.)
Good management was found at this almshouse. No repairs have been made during the year, though many are needed.
The bath-tub, situated in the men's smoking room, is not fit for use; and the water-closet, placed out of doors,
is unsafe. There is no separation of the sexes. There are sixteen inmates, four being insane. The warden and matron
receive a salary of $550.
FRANKLIN. (Visited September 1, 1898.)
The management here is excellent, but the house is in great need of minor repairs. The bath-room, though well
supplied with hot and cold water, is poorly located in the basement. The cellar needs better drainage and ventilation.
There is no separation of the sexes. The inmates number six, two being idiotic. The warden and matron receive a
salary of $450.
FREETOWN. (Visited February 15, 1898.)
Although under the same management as when previously visited, this almshouse was found in a disorderly and
dirty condition. The house is entirely unfit for its present use, being damp, poorly ventilated, and much out of
repair. There is no separation of the sexes. There are four inmates, all of whom are weak-minded. The warden and
matron receive a salary of $250.
GARDNER. (Visited August 24, 1898.)
Good management was again found at this almshouse. No repairs have been made during the year. There is satisfactory
separation of the sexes, but none of the sane from the insane. About fifty of the four hundred and fifty acres
of land belonging to the farm are under cultivation, and the income from them last year was $1,119. There are sixteen
inmates, five of whom are insane and two idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $500.
GEORGETOWN. (Visited April 21, 1898.)
The management of this almshouse is good, and the inmates are well cared for. Minor repairs have been made,
greatly adding to the attractiveness and comfort of the interior. A bath-room is soon to be added, in the room
now used by tramps, and a few other repairs are to be made. There is complete separation of the sexes by night,
though there is none by day. There are ten inmates, four of whom are insane or idiotic. The warden and matron receive
a salary of $300.
GLOUCESTER. (Visited January 31, 1898.)
The same excellent management was found at this almshouse. The criticisms made last year concerning the overcrowded
condition of the house, its poor sanitary conveniences and inadequate water supply, should be repeated, but with
greater emphasis. Thirty-three inmates were found here, ten being insane or idiotic. All had the appearance of
being kindly treated. The warden receives a salary of $550.
GOSHEN. (Visited May 26,1898.)
One feeble-minded woman is supported by this town. She is still boarded with her son, at a cost of $2 per week.
GRAFTON. (Visited May 17,1898.)
New and good management was found at this almshouse. Since the last visit, about twenty of the rooms used by
the inmates have been papered. Paint instead of paper should have been used, and would have been found to be cleaner
and more serviceable. There is no separation of the sexes at night or by day. There are eighteen inmates, three
being insane. The warden receives $400 for his services. The town supports one of its dependents, an insane woman,
with her mother in Worcester, the sum of $3 per week being paid for her board.
GREAT BARRINGTON (H. C. PRENTISS)
J. B. Chadwick, one of the Overseers of the Poor, was seen July 20, 1887 at his house in the outskirts of the
village, and the condition and management of the town's poor were discussed. The poor are now kept by contract
with Orin Monson, who lives in a retired spot in the western part of Monterey, and several miles away from Great
Barrington village, a distance much increased by the circuitous approach. As there were no insane among them I
did not deem it wise to take the time necessary to reach them. The board of Overseers is distinct from the board
of selectmen, but the latter made the contract for the full support cases at $1,050, while the relief cases were
left in the Overseers' hands. Considering that the average number fully supported outside of the hospitals is less
than five, the weekly rate under the contract is
above $4. So far as I could learn the poor at Mr. Monson's are well enough cared for. They number five:
E. M., 34.
B. O. B.,
C. D., 67.
T. M., 77.
C. H., 11.
The hospital list of Great Barrington is large, seven in number, all at Northampton Hospital, viz.
X. C., 44.
J. T., 44.
C. H., 27.
L. C., 59.
M. D., 43.
R. B., 47.
M. B., 30.
The Overseers are understood to favor the establishment of an almshouse. Such a step would be likely to make
the annual expenses of the poor at least no greater than now, and insure more direct supervision of their management
and treatment.
GREAT BARRINGTON. (Visited July 22, 1898.)
This town supports five of its insane dependents in private families, where they are kindly treated.
GREENFIELD. (Visited December 30,1897.)
Although the management of this almshouse is good, the house is not a credit to the town. It lacks a bath-room
and proper heating facilities; there is no provision for the separation of the sexes ; and the cellar needs draining,
its floor being often covered with water, and at all times damp. There is no reason why the necessary changes cannot
be made. There are nine inmates, five being insane or idiotic. The warden receives a salary of $400.
GREENWICH. (Visited June 8, 1898.)
This old building of one and one-half stories, is poorly arranged and badly placed. It is kept clean and neat,
and the inmates receive good care. No repairs have been made for years. Painting and whitewashing, and some new
ceilings, are greatly needed, and can well be afforded, the expenses for the last year having been $300 less than
for twenty-five years. There are two inmates, one of whom is a deformed idiot. The warden and matron receive a
salary of $325.
GROTON. (Visited June 7,1898.)
Good management was found at this almshouse. The house is old, and much out of repair. The bedsteads are for
the most part of wood, and it is very difficult to keep them free from vermin. There is complete separation of
the sexes by night, but none by day. There are ten inmates, five of whom are insane or idiotic. The warden receives
a salary of $550.
GROVELAND. (Visited April 21, 1898.)
Since the last visit to this almshouse, a wing has been added, containing a bath-room, a sitting-room, and
Bve bed-rooms. The bath-tub is supplied with neither hot nor cold water. Waterclosets are being built out of doors.
The old part of the house is greatly in need of repairs, and it is hoped that it will be thoroughly painted and
whitewashed. About $1,000 was realized last year from the farm of ninety acres. There are four inmates, three of
whom are idiotic. The warden receives a salary of $300.
HADLET. (Visited August 20, 1898.)
Good management was found at this almshouse. Repairs are needed inside, and better separation of the sexes
should be secured at night. An addition of some size has been made to the barn. There are seven inmates, one of
whom is insane, and one idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $400.
HANOVER. (Visited September 26, 1898.)
New and good management was found at this almshouse. Since the last visit, an addition has been made, which
affords a smoking- room for the men and four bed-rooms. There is complete separation of the sexes by day and by
night, though there is none at meals. A bath-room and better heating apparatus are much needed. There are eight
inmates, two of whom are insane. The warden and matron receive a salary of $250.
HANSON. (Visited September 26, 1898.)
New and good management was found at this almshouse. Many repairs must be made before the house can be brought
up to the proper standard. The condition of the water-closets and of the kitchen drainage needs immediate attention.
There are six inmates, one being insane, and one idiotic. The warden and matron receive a salary of $350.
HARD WICK. (Visited June3, 1898.)
No changes have been made at this almshouse since the last visit. A bath-room and better heating facilities
are needed. The management is excellent, both on the farm and in the house. There is no provision for separation
of the sexes. From the farm of one hundred and fifty acres of land about $1,000 was realized last year. There are
five inmates, one being insane, and three idiotic. The warden receives a salary of $425.
HARVARD. (Visited July 8, 1898.)
This house was found in a clean and satisfactory condition, and under new management. No repairs have been
made since the previous visit. As before urged, a bath-room and better heating facilities should be added as soon
as possible. Tramps should not be tolerated in the main house. The house provides for no separation of the sexes.
There are at present only two feeble-minded women here. The warden receives $350 for his services.
HARWICH (Mrs. S. M. BROWN)
The almshouse of Harwich, visited July 27, 1887, is a mile from the railroad station, is one and one-half stories,
of wood, and has a good-sized ell; the whole is painted white. Some of the rooms are now being whitewashed and
painted. It is kept in good repair, and the housekeeping is excellent. The rooms were in good order, with one exception,
a room occupied by a woman who had here two illegitimate children and a daughter, who is a Lancaster girl; and
this daughter has also an illegitimate child. This room with so many occupants was dirty and foul. The men and
women have separate sitting and dining rooms, and there are eleven small bed-rooms on the first floor, besides
six on the second floor, and a lock-up. Some of the floors were nicely scrubbed, especially on the men's side ;
these are taken care of by one of the men. There is no bathroom. The clothing of the adults was in fair order but
the children were dirty. The diet for the superintendent and the inmates is the same, and is all that can be expected.
The superintendent, Mark Allen, came Oct. 27, 1886 ; salary $250. Of the fifteen inmates six are men, five women
and four children; one woman is idiotic.
HARWICH. (Visited August 3, 1898.)
This almshouse was found in a neat and clean condition, and the inmates apparently receive good care. A furnace
is much needed, and should be added as soon as possible. There is partial separation of the sexes during the day,
and complete separation at meals and at night. There are twelve inmates, of whom one is insane, and four are idiotic.
The warden receives a salary of $250.
HAVERHILL. (Visited September 21,1898.)
This almshouse is under excellent management, and in good repair. There is complete separation of the sexes
both by night and by day. The custom still exists of keeping criminals here, a practice strongly to be condemned.
There are fifteen criminals, who are only partially separated from the other inmates. There are also one hundred
and twenty-five pauper inmates, twenty-two of whom are either insane or idiotic.
The warden and matron receive a salary of $1,200.
HAWLEY. (Visited September 14, 1898.)
Although this almshouse is under good management, and the inmates receive good care, little else can be said
in praise of the place. The building is old, and lacking in the conveniences necessary to an almshouse. The few
stoves in use are insufficient to keep the house comfortable in winter. Better bathing arrangements are also needed.
There is no separation of the sexes. There are four inmates, one being insane. The warden receives $285 per year
for his services.
HINGHAM. (Visited September 27, 1898.) ,
The arrangement of this almshouse is good, and the old and helpless inmates are kindly cared for. A bath-room
is greatly needed, and also a more convenient water supply. All water has to be carried in pails from the well
outside. No repairs have been made since the last visit. At night the sexes are completely separated, though they
are allowed to mingle during the day. There are nine inmates, two of whom are insane, and one is idiotic. The warden
receives a salary of $840.
HOLBROOK. (Visited September 27, 1898.)
One of the idiotic dependents of this town is supported in the family of relatives, $3 per week being paid
for his board.
HOLDEN. (Visited April 7, 1898.)
New and better arrangements have been adopted by the towns supporting poor in this almshouse. The town of Holden
now assumes the burden of the general expenses, and charges each town for the support of its poor. Quite extensive
improvements are contemplated, and some are already in progress. Better heating arrangements are needed. There
is no provision for the separation of the sexes, — a serious fault. There are twenty-two inmates, of whom eleven
are mentally defective. The warden receives a salary of $600.
HOLLISTON. (Visited September 21, 1898.)
Cleanliness and order were found in this almshouse. All inmates who are able are required to do some work.
There is complete separation of the sexes. There are eleven inmates, five of whom are insane or idiotic. The warden
and matron receive a salary of $450.
HOLYOKE. (Visited March 15, 1898.)
It is most unfortunate that the important structural changes that were begun on this almshouse in 1896 are
still incomplete. The sum of $27,749 is to be expended in the improvements. Considerable confusion was found at
this visit throughout the house, and in fact competent management has not existed here for some years. The separation
of the sexes is complete by day and by night, though only partial separation is secured at meals. There are eighty-three
inmates, twenty-seven being reported as insane or idiotic. The warden receives a salary of $45 a month, and the
matron, $25.
HOPKINTON. (Visited April 22, 1898.)
Fairly good management was found at this almshouse. Although paint, paper, and whitewash have been used throughout
the house, it still presents an unattractive appearance inside. A more suitably placed bath-tub should be furnished,
as the one in the shed is seldom used. Water-closets placed farther away from the house should be built, the present
ones being foul and entirely unfit for use. About fifty of the one hundred and thirty-five acres of land are now
under cultivation, and the farm yielded an income
of $1,400 last year. There is no separation of the sexes, or of the insane from the sane. There are eleven inmates,
four of whom are insane or idiotic. The warden receives a salary of $750.
HUDSON. (Visited July 9, 1898.)
A new and well planned almshouse has been erected by this town since the last report. It provides good accommodation
for the superintendent's family, and satisfactory separation of the sexes. The house is well heated by steam and
there are two bathrooms. An excellent new barn has also been built. There are eight inmates, two being insane.
The warden receives a salary of $500.
IPSWICH. (Visited April 27, 1898.)
This almshouse is clean and well kept, but considerable renovation is needed inside. The old wooden bedsteads
should be replaced by iron ones. Bathing is well attended to, and the inmates appear to receive good care. There
is complete separation of the sexes by day and by night, but there is none during meals. There are seventeen inmates,
ten being insane or idiotic. The warden receives a salary of $600.
KINGSTON. (Visited September 28,1898.)
One of the feeble-minded dependents of this town is well cared for in the family of a relative, $5 per week
being paid for her support.
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