JAMES FREEMAN DANA GARFIELD
JAMES FREEMAN DANA GARFIELD was born in Langdon, Sullivan County, New Hampshire, August 14, 1828. He died at his home in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, December 14, 1911. He was the son of Elisha Garfield, and Bathsheba (Egerton) Garfield. His mother came of a long line of strong intellectual ancestry and her influence on the moral and spiritual life of his youthful days was marked in the upbuilding of a sterling character.
James F. D. Garfield attended the district school, a mile and a half from his father's farm, during the ten or twelve weeks' term, summer and winter, until he was eleven years old. In April, 1846, he went to Fitchburg and for the next three years worked at his trade in the office of the Fitchburg Weekly Sentinel. During intervals he attended the Leicester Academy, Fitchburg Academy and Lawrence Academy at Groton.
In 1849 he moved to Worcester where he worked as foreman and bookkeeper in the printing house of Henry J. Howland. In 1852 he returned to act for eight years as Editor of the Fitchburg Sentinel. In 1860 he sold the interest he had acquired and for four years worked again at his trade in Boston and Pawtucket. In 1864 he returned to Fitchburg and entered into partnership with John P. Sabin in the retail coal business. Two years later George N. Proctor entered the firm which became Garfield and Proctor and which soon built up an extensive business.
He was an alderman of the city of Fitchburg in 1886 and 1887 and was President of the Board in 1887 ; member of School Board 1881 to 1889 and 1896 to 1899; Representative to the General Court 1887; Trustee of Fitchburg Public Library from 1899 to 1911, and from 1899 to 1910 he was Secretary of the Board. He was constant in his attendance at the meetings of the trustees and in the welfare of the library his interest was unfailing. His conservative, yet progressive judgment, made his services in demand by many financial and business managements. He was a director in the Orawell (cotton) Mills of Fitchburg from its incorporation in 1887, a director of the Nockege (cotton) Mills of Fitchburg. From 1902 to 1905 he was President of the Sawyer Tool Manufacturing Company of Fitchburg, Treasurer of the Brown Bag Filling Machine Company of Fitchburg from 1897 to 1911, Director of the Safety Fund National Bank of Fitchburg from 1892 to 1911, Trustee of the Worcester North Savings Institution of Fitchburg from 1888; Vice-president 1892 to 1899; President from 1899 to 1911; member of the Investment Committee from 1888 to 1911.
He was a member of the Masonic Fraternity, affiliated with Charles W. Moore Lodge ; Thomas Boyal Arch Chapter ; and Jerusalem Commandery, Knights Templar of Fitchburg, member of the Fitchburg Board of Trade and Merchants' Association from 1888; member of the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution.
During his residence in Worcester he was a member of the Worcester City Guard and for five years after his return to Fitchburg from 1852, he was a member of the Fitchburg Fusiliers, serving as clerk of the company. In politics, allied to the Old Whig party, on the formation of the Republican party his allegiance was transferred to that party, and he remained an earnest, consistent supporter of its policy and principles to the end of his life. His religious connections were with the First Parish (Unitarian) of Fitchburg, in which Society he was active and helpful, serving many terms on the Board of Assessors of the parish, and a regular attendant when health permitted. He was a life-member of the American Unitarian Association. While a young man in Worcester, he had as a pastor another young man, Edward Everett Hale, and it was in later years frequently said of Mr. Garfield, that something of the culture, grace and dignity of the minister was reflected in his young parishioner. From his earliest years Mr. Garfield was a lover of pets and delighted in all growing things. He was very successful in agricultural experiments and fruit culture and was passionately fond of flowers. He enjoyed travel, having visited nearly every part of this country and was a discriminating observer of what he saw. Every branch of good literature had in him an interested and understanding reader. In literary work few men in Fitchburg have ever equaled his labors. He was a prolific and forceful writer and author of many papers, pamphlets and journals, besides many valuable articles in the newspaper and magazine field. He was the author of "Walker and Egerton Genealogy," first published in Chandler's "History of Shirley, Massachusetts" (1883), "Journalism in Fitchburg," first published in Emerson's "Fitchburg Past and Present," in 1887.
From early life he was given to the study of historical subjects, and to the collection of books and original records that might be valuable for preservation. To Mr. Garfield the future historians of Fitchburg will be greatly indebted for the preservation of so much regarding the early life and traditions of the town and city. His literary taste and retentive memory made his mind a treasure house, from which he seemed able at all times to supply any desired data. His patience and thoroughness of research and investigation left little overlooked which might add to the completeness or accuracy of the story.
His connection with historical and genealogical societies was extensive. He was a life member of the New England Historic and Genealogical Society. A member of the Worcester Society of Antiquity, and a member of the National Geographic Society. In 1892 a dream of his for many years, was realized in the organization of the Fitchburg Historical Society. He has been called the father of the society and it was due to his initiative that it exists to-day. An example of the thought he gave to anything he undertook was in selecting the anniversary of the incorporation of the town as an appropriate day on which to start the society. For the first ten years he served as Secretary and from 1902 as librarian and member of the executive committee. He edited the publication of four volumes of "Proceedings of the Society." His sketches published by the Fitchburg Historical Society include "Fitchburg's Response to the Lexington Alarm"; "Lunenburg and Leominster in the Revolution" ; "Ebenezer Bridge, Leader of the Fitchburg Minute Men" ; "Pioneer Printers of Fitchburg" ; "Early Fire Service of Fitchburg"; "Fitchburg Soldiers in the Revolution"; "Reminiscences of the Presidential Campaign of 1840"; "Origin of Street Names in Fitchburg."
His ambition for many years had been to see the Fitchburg Historical Society established in a home of its own. In his mind that building had long become a necessity, and in 1910 he took steps to see that it became a fact and by donation of land and generous contributions towards the building, made it possible to start the work. Other friends and members of the society promptly aided in carrying it to success and work was at once commenced for the breaking of the turf on the site he had chosen. His oversight was continuous. The plans and details in every part followed his suggestions and ideas, and while he did not live to see the building completed, it was so near his home that he could practically oversee the work from his window and he did oversee it as long as he was able. The beautiful and commodious home of the society is universally recognized as a fitting memorial to the founder of the society.
Mr. Garfield's marked characteristics were a love of justice and integrity, dislike of extravagance and ostentation, firmness of will power and tenacity of purpose. He was a good example of the New Englander of the old school.
Mr. Garfield was married December 1, 1853, to Emily Charlotte Newton, daughter of Captain Martin Newton of Fitchburg. Captain Newton was a pioneer in the cotton manufacturing of Fitchburg, having commenced spinning cotton yarn in 1810. The buildings he erected, in what is now Newton's Lane are still standing, though used for other purposes. Mrs. Garfield died January 27, 1903, her married life lacking less than a year of reaching the golden anniversary. She was a woman of refinement and rare gentleness of character and a devoted wife and mother. Their children were Charlotte Gertrude, who died October 11, 1859, Emma Susie, who married William Ashley Blodgett of Boston, Mary Louise, Edmund Dana, and Theresa Newton.
The following, from the records of the Fitchburg Public Library Trustees, well expresses the appreciation in which Mr. Garfield was held by his friends and associates:
"The recital of his labors on earth is the full record of an honest man. The abundant achievements of his life were perfected in the sunshine of his kind and lovable nature, and the paths in which he walked are fragrant with the blossoms of kindness, affection and charity."


CHARLES EDWARD GARMAN
CHARLES EDWARD GARMAN was for twenty-six years professor of mental and moral philosophy in Amherst College. He acquired renown not only for his method of teaching philosophy, but for the power of his inspiring personality over young men. Doubtless the same wide recognition of his power as a teacher would have followed his efforts in other fields of learning; for to ample scholarship in several departments he added that burning desire to impart knowledge, to inspire other minds with a love of it, and to influence personal character which has possessed all great teachers from Socrates and Plato down. His choice of philosophy as the department of his scholarly interest and activity, though undoubtedly due in some degree to a strong natural bent, was yet greatly favored by the circumstances of his education. Among these circumstances it is easy to trace the influence of certain great men who were his teachers. While an undergraduate at Amherst, he came under the influence of Julius H. Seelye, afterwards President of the college, but then Professor of Mental and Moral philosophy. The guiding hand of this wise man was felt at important turning points in young Garman's career. It would now seem that the elder was consciously preparing the younger man to become his successor in the chair of philosophy. When this succession had come to pass, and Professor Garman had shown the world that the teaching of philosophy was his true vocation, President Seelye was asked whether a course of theology in the Yale Divinity School had been deliberately chosen by Mr. Garman as a preparation for what had turned out to be his life-work. The reply was "perhaps he did not have it in mind so definitely for himself as I had it in mind for him." There was at that time in this country no opportunity for postgraduate instruction in philosophy, except in some divinity schools. Among the eminent scholars who composed the faculty of the Yale Divinity School at that time, there were three men whose influence on Garman's development was undoubtedly important. These were Timothy Dwight, Samuel Harris, and George P. Fisher.
Professor Garman's early life and the influence of parents and home upon his development, during childhood and youth, are significant as foreshadowing the character of the man. He was born, December 18, 1850, at Limington, Maine, where his father was pastor of the Congregational Church. The father, John Harper Garman, was born, January 20, 1811, at Laconia, New Hampshire, the son of Joseph and Anna Leach Garman. Of the earlier ancestry and of the tune and place of the first settlement of the Garmans in this country, little is known. The father was a teacher for a number of years before and after his marriage, and acquired a high reputation for success in that profession. The mother was Elizabeth Bullard, daughter of Nathan and Nancy (Russell) Bullard of Medway, Mass. She, too, was a teacher both before and after her marriage on March 2, 1840, to Mr. Garman; and the couple had a school together for some years in North Carolina. But presently Mr. Garman felt strongly called to the ministry; and the wife, whose deeply religious nature earnestly responded to that of her husband, cheerfully faced all the hardships involved in the proposed change of occupation. Mr. Garman graduated at the Andover Theological Seminary in the year 1845. After pastorates in Baldwin, Limington, Scarboro, and Lebanon, Maine, he removed in 1866 to North Orange, Massachusetts, where he spent the rest of his life. He there had a small farm, preached till he was seventy years of age, and died, June 14, 1904, at the age of ninety-three.
Born of such parents and nurtured by such influences as pervaded the home of his childhood and youth, young Carman developed a strong moral and religious character, and acquired that remarkable familiarity with the Bible which made its language and imagery the frequent vehicle of his thought in his teaching and writing later in life. Scriptural illustrations were spontaneous and telling in his discourse upon any topic he took up.
His preparation for college, which had been begun in Lebanon Academy, was finished in the Athol High School. Daily he walked to and from school over the three miles of hilly road that lay between his home and Athol. Morning and evening he did the work that fell to the lot of a farmer's boy; and, when there was no school, he worked on the farm. When he was ready for college, his father felt that his help at home was necessary a few months longer, so that he did not join his class, that of 1872 at Amherst, until the middle of its freshman year, passing with success all the examinations upon the studies of the first half-year. He was absent from college one winter term to teach school, and summers he worked in the hay field to obtain money for his college expenses. His situation was like that of many a son of a minister in a small country parish.
At graduation Mr. Garman was given the "philosophical oration," indicating that his place was fourth on the rank list. His subject was "The Spiritual Philosophy." He had taken in succession prizes in natural philosophy, in chemistry, and in anatomy and physiology. The philosophical prize, a high honor of the senior year, he took without competition; for his classmates were so convinced of his superiority that none of them could be persuaded by the professor to enter the contest against him.
Incidents are related illustrating Mr. Garman's extraordinary power of memorizing. His classmates are said to have sat aghast while he and another reeled off verbatim page after page of Hickok's "Empirical Psychology," the text-book then in use. It was said of him that, if every copy of that text-book were destroyed, he would be able to reproduce from memory every line and word of it. In the Yale Divinity School, while yet a new student, little known, he astonished the class and the teacher one day by another remarkable feat of memory. Professor Fisher had asked the class to read in preparation for the next recitation fifty pages of his "Beginnings of Christianity." Mr. Garman, being the first called on to recite, began to repeat with such readiness and precision that he was allowed to go on until he had given the whole fifty pages word for word, his classmates opening their books from tune to time to see if he misplaced a word or omitted a "the," an "and," or a "but."
Such power of memory is often accompanied by defects in other mental powers, insomuch that the possessor of an uncommonly good memory is apt to be deemed inferior in understanding. But with Garman it was not so. He possessed a vigorous understanding, and was as keen in discussing what he had learned as he was ready and accurate hi reciting it. "He was," says Dr. Dwight, "a man of originality-not simply a learner, but a man who thoroughly digested and made his own what he learned. He was by no means a self-been longer spared, it is not improbable that his philosophy would have become better known outside his college world. He himself wrote, shortly before his death, "No, I have not published yet. I have not got the course where it will go of itself without the inspiration of the class-room. I sometimes comfort myself with the thought that the teacher publishes an edition in every class that graduates, and that perhaps to imprint a truth on the hearts of young men will do as much good in the community as to print it in book form. I do not feel that I can neglect the class-room for the public, yet I do hope to publish." Some years earlier he had written, "I have often raised the question as to whether I would not let down my course and take a little rest and devote myself to publishing, but I have found that, somehow, students' minds would be satisfied with nothing less than these most difficult problems."
What gave Professor Garman high renown in the educational world was his method of teaching philosophy. His aim was "to teach a student how to weigh evidence and to arouse in him the conviction that he could do his own independent weighing and that truth's ultimate appeal lay in his own mind."
Failing to get the equipment he wanted from the Trustees, he purchased and set up in his own house a printing-press, hired a compositor, and supplied his classes with all the material they needed and in the form best suited to his purpose. These pamphlets contained statements of questions, arguments for one side or the other to be answered, quotations from authors and his own criticisms, outlines, or summaries. These pamphlets were loaned to the class for the time being, and returned for the use of the next class. Any pamphlet was thrown aside whenever a better one could be substituted, or a topic could better be approached from a fresh point of view.
Very characteristic of his teaching is the following passage taken from one of his class-room pamphlets: -
"No one can follow truth without being an actual hero. Remember the experiences of Columbus. Derided by his contemporaries, he steered his ships towards the west, with nothing to guide him except the great truths which science had revealed. Let this be a prophecy for your life. The old country from which you set sail on your voyage of life is the material shore. It is the Kingdom of brain paths, where selfishness is not sovereign, but tyrant. There is a Western Hemisphere, a spiritual America. I beg you to follow Columbus.


PATRICK GILBRIDE
As the world grows older and wiser its standards of greatness and its measures of worth are changing; and there have grown into the minds and hearts of men saner ideals of conduct and truer conceptions of values,-nobler estimates of the parts men play in the world. In reaching an estimate of a man to-day the service he renders to the community he lives in and the men he lives with must be reckoned with, and in considering that service those who are weighing him on the scales of public opinion will ask if his work and word have added to the sum total of human peace and happiness, and if his character and reputation have been an inspiration, however slight, to other men.
It is not always the man whose name is loudest on the lips of fame, whose reputation is linked with some piece of great legislation, some great victory in the field of strife, some great work of art or literature, who has earned the affection and gratitude of his fellows. The man who has not thrust himself into the public eye, whose kindness and courtesy, work and worth are constantly touching his neighbors, helping them in evil days and putting heart and courage into them in the days of despondency and ill-fortune, is of more value in the life and living of the age than those we call great.
The man who brings peace and contentment to his community, who makes two blades of grass grow where only one grew before, who invents some appliance for lessening the burdens of the world, who adds a new industry to a town and increases the opportunities for honest labor and bread-winning-he is more deserving of honor among men than he who destroys in war.
The Republic has many such men who go from manhood to the grave engaged in good work and escaping the trump of Fame, and such a one was Patrick Gilbride.
Mr. Gilbride was born December 13, 1854, in the parish of Kinawley, a few miles from the town of Enniskillen in the county of Fermanagh in the province of Ulster in Ireland. He was the son of Patrick and Alice (McManus) Gilbride, and was born on the land which had been cultivated by his ancestors for centuries.
The incidents of war and conquest had deprived them of this land and transformed the proprietors into tenant farmers. While he received the rudiments of his education in the Kinawley Catholic parish school, the sound moral and religious character that marked all his days was founded in the simple, wholesome training of a God-fearing household.
While still a boy he was apprenticed to an Enniskillen linen draper, and in that provincial little shop he acquired a business training that gave him success in wider fields and under more trying circumstances. It is a curious and significant fact that many of the shrewdest, most successful and respected dry-goods merchants of America were born and trained in Ulster; and the success they achieved must be accounted for by the early business training they received, the lessons of thrift, attention to business, and square dealing taught them, supplemented and stimulated by the patience, persistence and pluck of the Ulster character, when transplanted to a new soil and new conditions.
Like most of his race the wanderlust was in his blood and when Enniskillen and its opportunities grew too small and limited for his ambitions and hopes, he came to America and in 1874 was soon employed by the dry-goods firm of J. V. Keyes and Company in Lowell, Massachusetts. He worked hard and faithfully, saved his money and made a life-long friend of his employer, and in time he was ready to launch his own argosy on the sea of commerce.
In a neighboring Lowell dry-goods store worked another Ulsterman, Constantino O'Donnell, and he and Patrick Gilbride united their savings, their hopes and courage, and began an independent business under the corporate name of O'Donnell and Gilbride in March, 1880. They were keen, watchful, enterprising, courteous and tireless; and the old-fashioned business virtues they had brought to America added to the up-to-date methods of the age, soon brought them the confidence and patronage of the Lowell public and the business grew by leaps and bounds until it expanded into a concern second to none in Lowell.
In March, 1904, a great fire practically destroyed their business; and when the affairs of the concern were settled, the two builders of the corporation concluded to separate amicably, each going into business for himself. The Gilbride Company rose from the ashes of the old concern, and is still doing business on the spot where it began its life in 1880.
In 1887 Mr. Gilbride married Miss Rose A. Delaney, a daughter of Thomas and Catherine (Fox) Delaney of Lowell, and a sister of the late distinguished Catholic Bishop Delaney of Manchester, New Hampshire. The marriage was a happy one and was blessed by two daughters, Florence and Helen R. Gilbride.
Quiet and unassuming, and devoted to business, Mr. Gilbride found time in an unostentatious way to interest himself in other matters. He was a member of the Vesper-Country and Washington Clubs, the American-Irish Historical Society and the Knights of Columbus; and his interest in the business progress of his city made him a director in the Lowell Board of Trade and a Trustee of the Washington Savings Institute.
In March, 1914, he was taken seriously ill, and after a brief sickness he died on March 29, sincerely mourned by the city he had loved and labored in.
Perhaps the best estimate of Patrick Gilbride as a man and citizen and the most sincere, was written a few days after his decease by his neighbor and friend, Mr. Joseph Smith:
"An honest man, an honorable merchant, a good citizen passed out of life and the activities of this community when Patrick Gilbride died. I knew him long and well; he was my friend and no man's enemy.
"Clean-thinking, clean-speaking, clean-living, religious without ostentation, generous to all good causes, loyal to his friendships, kindly in his outlook on life and living, charitable in the presence of weakness and frailty, sympathetic and responsive in trouble and misfortune, he was a man who inspired affection and commanded respect. Always modest and unassuming he loved the fellowship of his kind, without thrusting himself upon them ; optimistic and sunny-natured, no man ever heard him speak evil of his fellows ; and the joy of living and loving ran like a generous current in his veins.
"Born and raised in the province of Ulster, in a region where religious asperities were constant and rife, and where men seemed to prize the cover more than the contents of the books of religion, he grew to manhood with a fine tolerance of all religious beliefs and preserved through all his days a pity and contempt for bigotries that brought Christianity into disrepute. Passionately devoted to the hopes and aspirations of his country, he was keenly interested in every movement that meant the peace and betterment of his native land, and to him the impending measure of home rule meant the dawning of a new day when his countrymen would unite for the common good and forget the asperities and vexations of the past.
"Patrick Gilbride will be missed in many places in the days to come; his shy and restful presence will come back to those who knew him best like the music of a half-forgotten song; and his kindly words and gentle personality will be recalled with tender regret. He made no great mark in the world, no great noise in the community in which he lived; but he has left a memory fragrant of modesty, gentleness, good fellowship and quiet good deeds. Surely a man who loves his fellowman and by his living and his doing makes the life of the community in which he lives a little better and a little sweeter, is as worthy of as much honor and as tender a remembrance as he who fills the eye and ear of a Commonwealth."
The Lowell Sun said:-"The career of Patrick Gilbride was one of remarkable achievement, typical of the spirit of an older generation. Coming to this country with no other capital than sturdy character, sterling integrity, sanguine temperament and untiring perseverance, he entered the field of business and became not only one of the most respected but one of the most successful men in this section of the country. Quiet and unostentatious in manner, he was not given to personal exploitation, but his life's work is crystallized in results that speak more eloquently of the man than any personal laudations.
"He was universally esteemed, universally respected, and will be universally mourned. It is a rare character that can distinguish between unyielding zeal and unreasoning fanaticism, but Mr. Gilbride had that character, and was in the truest sense of the word, always a gentleman.
"The city of Lowell is poorer for his departure-poorer in what every city needs most of all ; to wit, enlightened citizenship of the broad-gauge, public-spirit kind. The story of the life and business success of Patrick Gilbride should be an inspiration to every young man who is making his start in life, or who, having begun, has met with discouragements which have hindered his progress."


HARRIS COWDREY HARTWELL
HARRIS COWDREY HARTWELL was born in Groton, Massachusetts, December 28, 1847. He died at his home in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, December 9, 1891. He was a son of Benjamin Franklin Hartwell and Emma (Whitman) Kartwell. The family came from England among the early settlers and no less than six clergymen, Harvard men or from English Colleges, were among the direct ancestors of Harris C. Hartwell. His great-great-grandfather Rev. John Gardner of Stow sent six sons to Harvard. Henry Gardner, first Colonial Treasurer, who lived in the Province House, Boston, was a great-great-uncle of Harris C. Hartwell. "Old York" a slave in the Gardner family watched the treasury money which Mr. Henry Gardner had hidden for safety in the Concord Swamp during the Revolutionary War.
Benjamin Franklin Hartwell, the father of Harris C. Hartwell, was fitted for the ministry at Andover Theological Seminary. He was an unusual scholar and linguist and a graceful writer on religious topics.
Attending the public schools of his native town, Harris C. Hartwell fitted for college at Lawrence Academy, Groton, and graduated from Harvard College in the class of 1869. The same year he began the study of law in the office of the Hon. Amasa Norcross of Fitchburg. He was admitted to the bar in 1872 and in 1874 became Mr. Norcross's partner.
He was a director and clerk of the Fitchburg Street Railway from its organization in 1886, and of the Leominster Street Railway from its organization in 1890, now consolidated as the Fitchburg and Leominster Street Railway Company.
He was a director of the Fitchburg Shoe Tip Company from its organization in 1884. A Trustee of the Worcester North Savings Institution of Fitchburg from January, 1885, Vice-president from 1890. Vice-president and member of the Board of Managers of the Massachusetts Mutual Aid Society of Fitchburg from its organization in 1879.
Mr. Hartwell was an active, earnest supporter of the Republican party.
He was a member of the School Board of Fitchburg from 1874 to 1878 ; City Solicitor from 1877 to 1887 ; Representative to State Legislature in 1883, 1884, 1885 ; State Senator in 1887, 1888, 1889. In 1889 he served with marked ability as President of the Senate. It has been said that "to each of these positions he brought full measure of earnest, honest effort, and his services were of signal value to the City and Commonwealth." Mr. Hartwell served during his first year in the legislature on the committee of banks and banking; in the second on judiciary and was House Chairman on Woman Suffrage ; the third year he was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. The active intelligent work of Mr. Hartwell was largely responsible for the successful fight for the establishment, after many years of agitation, of the Fitchburg Registry of Deeds for Northern Worcester County.
In the Senate he served on the Committee of Judiciary Rules, Constitutional Amendments, the Special Beverly Investigation and was Chairman of each. When elected in 1889, unanimously, President of the Senate, he was the first citizen of Fitchburg ever honored with that position.
Mr. Hartwell married October 23, 1877, Effie M. F. Needham, daughter of Daniel and Caroline (Hall) Needham, of Groton. Their children were, Norcross Needham Hartwell and Harold Hall Hartwell.
He was a member of Fitchburg Board of Trade and Director for many years. He was interested in athletics of all kinds, boating, baseball, angling, and took special delight in the out-door life of camping in his summer vacations.
He was a member of the Pi Eta Club of Harvard University, and of the Park Club of Fitchburg, serving as President of the latter in 1884. Mr. Hartwell was an attendant at the Unitarian Church.
His death evoked many tributes to his manly worth and ability. The Fitchburg Sentinel said:-
"Not since the death of Goldsmith F. Bailey in 1867, has the death of a citizen at the meridian of life occasioned such a public expression of the feeling of the loss to his adopted city. It is an irreparable loss to the social life of our city."


SAMUEL EDWARD HERRICK
The name of Herrick has been traced back to the time of William the Conqueror. It is said that Erik the Saxon, a forester, at first opposed the Norman King but was won over and afterwards served him. It would be more interesting and more probable to state that James Herrick, who married Martha Topping shortly after arrival in Southampton, came from Leicestershire, England, between 1630 and 1640 and settled in Southampton, Long Island, was related to the charming poet, Robert Herrick, author of the "Hesperidos," who about that same time was living at Dean Prior in Devon.
From James Herrick are descended most of those bearing that name in this country. Two hundred years later, not far from the spot where the first immigrant settled, was born (April 6, 1841), Samuel Edward Herrick, son of Austin Herrick, who during the first half of the last century followed the sea as a ship-captain and was highly respected for his dignity of character, his quick sense of honor, his kindliness and his unfailing humor. He was the son of William Herrick (1761-1825) whose wife was Phebe Pierson, a descendant of Henry Pierson, one of the original settlers of Southampton and a member of the General Assembly of the Colony which was under the jurisdiction of Connecticut.
Captain Austin Herrick married Mary Wells Jagger, daughter of Samuel Jagger (1775-1845). She had a powerful spiritual influence on her son. As a boy he was fond of out-of-door sports, of nature and of reading; the best books most strongly appealed to him.
He was fitted for college at the Southampton Academy and took his degree of A.B. at Amherst in 1859. Four years later he was graduated from Princeton Theological Seminary and accepted his first pastorate at the Presbyterian Church at Wappinger's Falls, New York. In the choice of his profession his own inclinations coincided with the wishes of his family.
His reading of the works of Maurice and Robertson and the others of that liberal group of theologians insensibly modified the strictness of his Princeton training and in September, 1864, he accepted a call to the Broadway Congregational Church of Chelsea, Massachusetts, where he remained until 1871 when he succeeded Edward N. Kirk, D.D., as pastor of the Mount Vernon Church then in Ashburton Place, Boston. He occupied that pulpit until his death in 1904. He was a brilliant and eloquent preacher and exercised a powerful influence in the community. During the latter part of his pastorate, the center of population having shifted and a great change having taken place in the community
where he had served so long, a beautiful new church edifice was built on the corner of Massachusetts Avenue and Beacon Street, with a commanding view across the wide basin of the Charles River.
His reputation as a theologian and public speaker, his broad culture, formed on the best models, his liberal views and his delightful personality gave him a wide popularity and he received many tempting invitations to go to other churches. Calls came even from California. His Alma Mater, which in 1878 conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Divinity, several times, tried to tempt him to become one of her professors. He was known as a sterling scholar in Greek and Latin and he was well read in the theological and biographical literature of his day.
But he preferred to remain at his metropolitan post, as a preacher to thoughtful men, as a leader in the softening theology of Liberalism. He had a rich and sonorous voice and a dignified presence which impressed his hearers with the seriousness of his purpose. There was something particularly gracious and kindly in his manner and winning in his personality. The largeness of his vision was that of a poet.
In 1885 he published through Houghton Mifflin & Company, his first and only book, entitled "Some Heretics of Yesterday." In this he proved conclusively that the men who in one age are branded as heretics, in the next are hailed as the leaders of thought. This work added largely to his reputation and was everywhere received with favorable comments. So successful was it that his friends wondered why he was not moved to make further ventures in the field of authorship. It was not from lack of interest or of stimulus but because he was so occupied with the absorbing duties of his large parish.
In politics he was a Republican, although in 1888 he voted for the reelection of Grover Cleveland as President, feeling that his character and the ability he had shown during his first term deserved recognition.
He was a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society and of the University Club of Boston.
As a young man, having been born in sight of the sea, he was devoted to boating; in later life he was extremely fond of travel. He was a great collector of books and was never happier than when surrounded by them in his well-appointed library.
In April, 1864, he married Sophia Woodhull, daughter of John Frederick and Hetty Woodhull Foster, who was a lineal descendant of Christopher Foster, who came to Lynn and was made a freeman of Boston in April, 1637, and afterwards moved to Southampton where he became a freeman in 1652. He is survived by his widow and one daughter, Margaret Foster Herrick, who has made a name for herself by a translation from the Odes of Horace.
Dr. Herrick's memory will always be connected with the church which he served so long and which, by those who were affiliated with it or who fell under the spell of his personality, always was spoken of as "Dr. Herrick's Church." He would have been satisfied to give as his special message to the young, "the urgent necessity of realizing the close companionship and love of God and the duty of applying the ethics of Jesus Christ to every smallest detail of human life."


GEORGE HINCHLIFFE
GEORGE HINCHLIFFE was born in Scholes, near Holmfirth, Yorkshire, England, on February 27, 1849, and died in Boston, Massachusetts, August, 1911.
His father, Joshua Hinchliffe, was the son of Joseph Hinohliffe and Ann (Turner) Hinchliffe. The father was a woolen manufacturer. He was noted for his fidelity to his family and friends, and his expert knowledge of the woolen business.
On both his father's and his mother's sides Mr. Hinchliffe's ancestors were woolen manufacturers of repute. His great grandfather was the first manufacturer to have a ten spindle jenny to work by power.
Mr. Hinchliffe possessed in early life a great love for music and early became a conscientious worker for the Church and Sunday School in the Wesleyan Methodist Church.
At about his seventeenth year he began to learn the woolen manufacturing business at the Holmfirth Mills owned by his father and uncles, who were successful manufacturers of broadcloths, kerseys, doe-skins, both plain and fancy for men's wear. He exhibited a natural and inherited aptitude for this work. When between twenty and thirty years of age he was induced to leave home to assist a large firm of fancy woolen manufacturers, who afterwards made worsteds. He next went to Messrs. Starkey Brothers at Huddersfield, one of the largest and most noted manufacturers of piece dyes, clays and other worsteds, broadcloths and doe-skins. There he had entire management and control of the plant. From thence he was solicited to transfer his service to Messrs. Isaac Carr and Company, at Bath, Somerset, England, the noted makers of the famous "Carr Meltons." He served them as their General Manager for many years. Under his administration the firm took seven awards at the Chicago Exposition.
The last twelve years of his life were spent in the United States ; first as Superintendent of the American Woolen Company; and afterwards as agent of the Assabet Mills at Maynard, Massachusetts. There he brought the Mills through many difficulties, from a product of ladies' dress goods to an entire production of men's wear. The capacity of the Mills under his administration was increased from 250 to 1,000 looms. He had been skillfully trained to select wool, and for twenty years had attended every wool sale in London, buying without the aid of a broker. He was considered an expert at these sales, especially on fine merino and combing wools.
Subsequently he became manufacturer for Parker Wilder of Boston and the last year of his active life was spent as agent of the Middlesex Mills at Lowell. He retired from his active business life some eighteen months prior to his death.
When a young man he was Superintendent of the Epworth Sunday School at Scholes, England. He was also organist at the church during the same period. In later years he was a Trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Winchester, and also a Trustee of one of the Methodist Episcopal churches in Lowell.
He was a member and past master of the Prince Edward Lodge of Masons, of Huddersfield, England, and a member of the Winchester Lodge in Massachusetts. He was a member for over twenty years of the Borough Club of Huddersfield, England, and member of its Board of Governors. He was also a member of a social club at Lowell, Massachusetts.
He was a Republican in politics, and an influential and valued member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was a devoted reader of the best literature and was very fond of fishing and motoring.
August 27, 1870, he married Jane, the daughter of John and Mary Ann Pontefract. Twelve children were born to them, of whom the following remain:- Mrs. Joshua Naylor, Baltimore, Maryland; Jno. R. Hinchliffe, General Manager of Peace Dale Manufacturing Company, Peace Dale, R. I. ; Dr. Frederick Hinchliffe, Cohasset, Massachusetts; William Hinchliffe, Superintendent Peace Dale Manufacturing Company; Helen Hinchliffe and Edith Hinchliffe, at home, Leonard Hinchliffe at Peace Dale, and Thomas Hinchliffe, associated with the cotton department at the Merrimack Mills at Lowell. From all who knew Mr. Hinchliffe there were expressions of profound sorrow at the death of a beloved and respected colleague and their keen sense of the loss the community sustained by the removal of a public spirited citizen, a diligent and faithful guardian of the business interest committed to his care, a genial and warm-hearted man who endeared himself to all with whom he came in contact. He was loved as a man and his loss as a dear friend is truly mourned, his memory will ever be an inspiration to all who knew and respected him.
In early life he developed a very strong poetic talent. His "A Child's Prayer," was written in his nineteenth year. The first and last stanzas of which follow :-
"Gracious Father! Heavenly King!
To thee, my little heart I bring,
Humbly kneeling at thy throne,
Praying to be made thine own.

Lord guide my infant steps aright.
Through paths of darkness be my light ;
And when on earth life's toils are o'er,
Help me to gain the eternal shore."

His "Lines on the Saviour's Birth," were written for the Annual Meeting of the Epworth Sunday School about 1869, and read by himself, a stanza of which reads as follows :-
"A thousand years and more h?v? passed
Since In those ancient fields
Shepherds by night, their flocks did keep,
And glory was revealed."


HARRY CLOUGH HOWARD
HARRY CLOUGH HOWARD was born April 23, 1877, in Brockton, Massachusetts. The father, George Howard, the head of the firm of George Howard and Sons, is a well known and highly respected contractor of Brockton.
The family on both sides is of English descent with a strain of Welsh blood on the mother's side. While, like the typical American, Mr. Howard places small emphasis on names and legends of the past, yet naturally he has a certain amount of pride in the English name of Howard and esteems no less the maternal line reaching back to Robert Cushman, so prominent in the emigration of the Pilgrims to Holland and thence to Plymouth.
The father of Harry C. Howard exerted a strong influence upon his son. He learned the bricklayers' trade under his father, and later became a partner with him in the contracting business. He obtained his early education in the schools of his native town and subsequently attended Bryant and Strattons' Business College in Boston, from which he was graduated. His mother was a pronounced factor in his youthful training, exerting a strong influence in the formation and cultivation of his moral character. Young Howard was social and popular, was what is called a good mixer in society. He gained and held friends readily and this trait had much to do with his early entry into political life. Mr. Howard is not simply an amiable good fellow. He is a leader with the firmness and decision needed to carry his purposes to fruition. While ready to serve his city officially he is not so drawn toward political preferment that he is an indifferent business man. He holds the position of Treasurer of the George Howard and Company firm.
In 1908 and 1909 he served his city as Alderman and in 1911 and 1912 as Mayor. These successful incursions into political life were carried through with credit and gave promise of wider responsibilities. The ambition to serve one 's town in a civic capacity is a very honorable one and Mr. Howard's friends hope he is only at the beginning of a life of public service.
Mr. Howard belongs to the Knights of Pythias and to the Commercial Club. He has been active and prominent in his services in the Commercial Club. In politics he is a Republican and a good partisan. In his church relations he is a Unitarian.
May 4, 1898, he was married to Alice, daughter of John and Alice Carver. They have one child.
Mr. Howard is fond of athletics and takes great pleasure in sailing a boat, when his varied duties will permit him to indulge his yachting tastes.
In estimating the forces which have contributed to the building of his character and to his success, Mr. Howard places first the good home in which he was brought up-the patient, never wearying solicitude and guiding influence of a good mother, the more silent, but no less potent power of a noble father. To his school life and associations he gives a second, but very important place. Contact with men in active life has molded and directed in no mean degree. The attractions and repulsions of strong natures in the busy round of life have proved a mirror held up to nature. As a fourth factor in degree of control, he places private study. The needs and demands of new and perplexing situations have spurred him to seek the light and leading of books. Mr. Howard has not yet reached the meridian of life. Opportunity seconded by the life power already gained, hold out inducement for him to make history which shall be worthy of further record.


HARRISON WHITFIELD HUGULEY
HARRISON WHITPIELD HUGULEY was born at Alexandria, Virginia, June 25, 1844. On the paternal aide he came of an old Dutch family. His grandfather was George Fendall Huguley and his father bore the same name. George Pendall, Jr., was born at Fairfax, Virginia, in April, 1806, and died at Washington, in August, 1865. He was a graduate of the University of Virginia and entered into the profession of teaching. He married Sarah Harris Carlin, daughter of George Whitfield Carlin of Carlin Springs, Virginia (1786-1848) and of Sarah Harris, a descendant of John Harris of the Ridge, Prince George's County, Maryland, who came from Paisley Bridge, England, and died in 1776 at the age of ninety-three. He and his son were Episcopal clergymen. Another of the same family, James Harris, was a Revolutionary soldier. The mother was a very intellectual woman with an unusually retentive memory and exerted a powerful influence, morally and spiritually, not only upon her son but also upon all who knew her.
Harrison W. Huguley began his education at a private preparatory school conducted in Washington by Professor Thompson. Afterwards he attended the School of Pharmacy at Philadelphia and later graduated from Georgetown University. He began the active work of life as manager of a large drug-store in Washington. Early in 1864 by the recommendation of Reverdy Johnson, J. W. Forney of Philadelphia and others he was appointed by Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, to a clerkship in the Surgeon General's office. From there he was transferred to Boston in the Department of Internal Revenue and was Deputy Collector of Customs from 1874 until 1878. He served for a year in the militia as 1st Lieutenant of the 4th Battalion and in 1883 he served on the staff of Governor Butler with the rank of Colonel. It was often said of him that if he had devoted his remarkable abilities to law, literature or politics he would have been one of the leading men of the country. He cared more, however, about helping his friends than for public life. He was a Thirty-second Degree Mason and a member of the Aleppo Temple. He was also a member of the Boston Lodge of ?. ?. ?. ?. In politics he was a Republican; in religion he was affiliated with the Unitarian Church.
In October, 1866, he married Nellie Chace Todd of a well known Scotch family and had two sons and one daughter, Alice Maud, who married Ernest G. Howes.
He particularly enjoyed travel and was in Madrid, Spain, on his way to South America when he was stricken with apoplexy and died May 17, 1913. During his more than a third of a century of active business life in Boston, he bore a spotless reputation and was a true-hearted and excellent citizen.


WALDO WARNER JENCKES
WALDO WARNER JENCKES was born at Woonsocket, Rhode Island, October 4, 1861, the son of Dr. George W. Jenckes (born August 17, 1829), a scholarly and skillful physician, and Martha Hunt His grandfathers were George Jenckes (1799-1868) and George W. Hunt (1822-1892). His paternal grandmother was Abigail Farnham, and his maternal grandmother was Nancy Harkness.
While it was the father's ambition to have his son follow in his footsteps professionally, the son had other plans. Although two of his ancestors, Job and William Jenckes were eminent jurists, the legal profession had no attractions for him. Possibly his English ancestor, Joseph Jenckes, who migrated to this country and settled in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1643, and was known as an inventor sent down the line a tendency that gave direction to the youth's future career. From his father he received a strong intellectual bias and from his mother a keen moral perception- that happy combination that will insure success to any youth who is ambitious. Having completed his education in the public schools of his native town, where he made an honorable record, he began his life work as a clerk in the freight station of the Providence and Worcester R. R. freight station at Woonsocket. His willingness to do all that was required of him and a little more did not escape the notice of his superiors. He made himself thoroughly familiar with all the details of railroading and diligently studied the technical books that would enlarge his knowledge. He was rapidly promoted from clerk to station agent, from station agent to superintendent. This latter position he held in 1889 when he decided to change his occupation. At this time he became treasurer of the Milford Shoe Co., shoe manufacturers, Milford, Massachusetts. In 1895 he was made treasurer and general manager of the same company, which position he still holds. On January 1, 1906, he became a member of board of directors of Milf ord National Bank of Milford, Massachusetts, which honorable position he still holds. In 1903 he was granted patents on cushion soles as applied to foot wear. These patents brought quick and large financial returns to the inventor and added materially to the great prosperity which the Milford Shoe Co. has enjoyed. He has been so ardently devoted to his business that he has not cared for the social life found in clubs and fraternal organizations and has never sought political honors.
On January 30, 1914, he married Alice Avery, daughter of George and Emily Grace (Palmer) Neiley.
Mr. Jenckes considers the relative strength of influence of home, of contact with men in active life, of private study, of school, of early companionship, all in the order named, potent factors upon his own success in life.
Mr. Jenckes has always been loyal to the Republican party, being a staunch Protectionist, and is a generous supporter of the Universalist Church which he attends.
Mr. Jenckes urges upon young people "the value of good reading, keen observation, and hard work as necessary dements in the successful life."


WILLIAM SAMUEL JENKS
WILLIAM SAMUEL JENKS was born in Adams, Massachusetts, on December 1, 1855. He is descended from Joseph Jenks, who came from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1650. This Jenks was a dolled mechanic and was distinguished as the maker of the first iron kettle, the first fire engine, and the die for ''the Pine Tree Shilling."
William Jenks' father was Edwin Franklin Jenks, who was born in 1821 and died at the early age of forty-seven. His occupations were varied, being those of farmer, manufacturer, and legislator. In 1857-58 he was a member of Governor Gardner's Council. He also organised the well-known Whiting Paper Company. His marked characteristics were integrity, business ability, cheerfulness, courtesy, and fondness for athletics. Mr. Jenks' mother was Nancy Sheridan Fisk, whose influence in his life was strong and wholesome. His paternal grandparents were Daniel Jenks (1799-1879) and Lucy Brown; his maternal grandparents were Daniel Fisk and Mercy Mason.
In his childhood Mr. Jenks had the natural and wholesome fondness of a boy for baseball and horses; later he developed an interest in chemistry. His occupations were that of the average well-to-do farmer's son. He says of himself: "Regular farm duties tended to make me methodical, practical, and thrifty, also healthy and strong;" a bit of autobiography worth remembering. His early reading comprised such familiar works as those of "Oliver Optic" and Cooper. From these he developed a taste for general history. He had no especial difficulties to overcome in seeking an education, but he chose not to pursue systematic studies in school farther than thoee furnished by Mill's Institute, Wildermeath Seminary, and the Adams High SchooL By his own choice he began his career in life at the age of nineteen as overseer in the Whiting Paper Company's mill in Holyoke. His connection with this company continued until 1880, when he entered into relations with the L L. Brown Paper Company, with which he is still connected as clerk and a director. Since 1893 he has been one of the directors of the first National Bank of Adams.
On the 13th of October, 1881, Mr. Jenks married Cornelia, daughter of James and Mary Dean. This marriage has been blessed by two daughters, Mildred Dean Jenks and Jessica Eetelle Jenks, both of whom remain to brighten his home.
Mr. Jenks is a trustee of St. Paul's Church (Universalist) of Adams. His public services have been various. He was chief engineer of the Fire Department of Adams and in 1910 he became a member of the Town Committee. In 1894 and 1895 he served the Commonwealth as Representative in the Legislature. For six years he served as quartermaster in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia.
Mr. Jenks is a member of the Mystic Shrine (Aleppo Temple), St. Paul Commandery (No. 40, North Adams), Berkshire Council (Pittsfield), Corinthian Chapter R. A. M. (Adams); Berkshire Lodge F. & A. M., Franklin Chapter 0. E. S., B. and P. 0. E. No. 487 N. A.; also of the Caledonian Club, Adams, Knights of Pythias, and Berkshire Bankers' Association. In these various organizations he has held numerous offices, filling them with ability and faithfulness.
In politics Mr. Jenks has always been a Republican, invariably voting the party ticket. His favorite amusements are driving and automobiling, to which he has transferred his early enthusiasm for baseball. The influences which have shaped his character and guided his action are, first, that of his home, then those of contact with men in active life, of school, of private study, and of early companionship. His counsel to American youth is, "Be honest and diligent, energetic and faithful." Mr. Jenks died at his home in Adams, Massachusetts, December 3, 1913. He received the most devoted care and attention from all the members of his family, who cheered him with their company and watched him with loving care. He will be missed by a host of friends, who cherish the purity of his purposes and praise the irreproachable humanity of his conduct in all the relations of life.


EDWARD DORR GRIFFIN JONES
EDWARD DORR GRIFFIN JONES was born in Otis, Massachusetts, September 22, 1824, and died in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, December 30, 1904.
His father, Eber Jones (born June 7, 1787, died April 4, 1860), was the son of Adonijah and Anna (MacElwain) Jones. He was a jeweler in Brooklyn, New York, and afterwards a farmer in Ohio.
His mother, Betsey Amanda (Pelton) Jones, was the daughter of Captain Samuel (born May 9, 1757; died June 28, 1849) and Mary (Woodworth) Pelton. She had great influence over the entire life of her son.
His ancestor Griffin or Griffith Jones settled in Springfield, Massachusetts, as early as 1646. He was of Welsh descent and closely related to the Janes family, the immigrant ancestor of which spelled his name Jeanes.
His maternal grandfather, Captain Samuel Pelton, resided in Granville, Massachusetts, and was the son of Ephraim Pelton (born June 12, 1732).
Young Jones worked on his father's farm until he was twenty-one years of age. Thence he went to Lee, Massachusetts, and learned the millwright's trade of his uncle Timothy Jones. His education was obtained in the public schools of Brooklyn, New York, and afterwards a few months in winter at district school in Wellington, Ohio. His personal choice and the fact that his uncle was in the business determined his vocation. His home influence, private study, and contact with men in active life were the chief forces contributing to his success in life. By the first the foundation was well laid, by the second his own energies were called into effective operation, and by the third such direction was given to them as contributed to a useful manhood.
He entered upon his independent business career as a millwright in 1853 at Lee, where he became agent for the turbine wheels of James Leffell Company of Springfield, Ohio. He soon entered upon the business of equipping paper mills, and the manufacture of paper mill machinery, which ultimately became his exclusive interest. In 1867 he sold his business at Lee and established in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, the house of E. D. Jones & Sons Company. To this business he devoted the remainder of his life, and accumulated thereby a handsome property. He was president and director of this company; vice-president and director of the Third National Bank of Pittsfield; president and director of the Central Block Corporation; also of the Cooperative Bank; director of the Keith Paper Company of Turner's Falls, Massachusetts; and president of the Terry Clock Company of Pittefield. He was also a member of the Park Club, Pittsfield; of the Berkshire Commandery, of Knights Templar, and a thirty-second degree Mason.
He was a trustee of the Pittsfield Methodist Episcopal Church and was active in every department of the Church work.
A prominent Republican, he was elected to the State Legislature, House of Representatives, in 1879-80, where his influence was especially prominent. He was no less conspicuous as a State Senator in 1886-87. He will long be specially remembered by the citizens of Pittsfield, as chairman of its board of public works from 1891 to 1899. At this time the sewerage system was established, and to his untiring care and skill the city owed its splendid operation.
He was three times married. 1. November 10, 1849, to Nancy E. M. Breckenridge, daughter of Francis and Lilla Breckenridge. 2. October 20, 1868, to Ardilla H. Herrick, daughter of Levi W. and Mercy (Hamlin) Herrick. 3. May 11, 1868, to Arvilla Bartlett Noble, daughter of John S. and Mary Ann (Granger) Noble. Their children were: Of first wife, Italia N., born February 5, 1853, married April 9, 1874; Everett G. Goodall, died December 26, 1893. Of the second wife: Harley Eber, treasurer and director of E. D. Jones & Sons Company, born September 24, 1861, died September 24, 1896, married April 16,1885, Libbie Hancock; Edward Archie, president, treasurer, and director, born November 3, 1863, graduate of Peekdrill Academy and of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1887, married October 7, 1891, Isabel Amelia Abbe. Of the third wife: Leffell Noble, born November 8, 1872, died July 17, 1873; Mae Elvira, born August 25, 1874, died August 8, 1875; Samuel Ralph, born March 29, 1878, member of the firm E. D. Jones & Sons Company, married September 12, 1906, Adelia Flanders.


JOHN KNEELAND
JOHN KNEELAND, of Roxbury, Massachusetts, was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts, on the 25th of November, 1821. He died at his home in Roxbury, Massachusetts, October 16, 1914. His father, Joshua Kneeland, was a tanner by trade. He had a fine mind, high ideals, and rare good sense. The Kneelands were strong characters, all noted for their integrity and loyalty to principle. John Kneeland's mother was Harriet Harlow, daughter of James and Hannah (Bagnall) Harlow. Mrs. Harlow was born August 15, 1761, and died March 13, 1841.
John Kneeland began his education at an early age. His mother always said he knew his letters before he was a year old. He clearly recalled an examination that he took, at five years of age, for admission to the district school. At that time he could read fluently in the New Testament He said that in those days the family library consisted of the Bible, Pilgrim's Progress, and the Old Farmer's Almanac.
At the age of eleven, John Kneeland left school and began work in a nail factory. Wages were small-about thirty cents a day- and there were no vacations. Yet Mr. Kneeland stoutly maintains that he derived good from his experience- "strength of body, the pleasure of knowing that he was helping his father, and the great joy of a holiday."
John Kneeland was an only child; he was reared with exceeding care. The mother's influence in these early years can never be fully estimated.
He had many difficulties to overcome in acquiring the education which his spirit craved. First, there was the lack of time and books. Much of the time he could attend school only in the winter. The rest of the year he was earning money to pay for books, board, and clothes. He took whatever work came to his hand, and gratefully accepted whatever wages were offered. He worked in the bark mill, in the hay fields, or in a neighbor's store, with equal adaptability and zeal.
On being asked what books he found most helpful in his early training, Mr. Kneeland replied: "I took account of my mental stock, and started to fill the gaps. All the common school studies, especially grammar, were reviewed and continued. Watt's 'On the Mind' was a good introduction to mental philosophy, and Albert's Teacher was the first help of that kind. I took the Common School Journal, which was edited by Horace Mann, and was much influenced by his reports and speeches."
Mr. Kneeland's school career, after he left the nail factory in 1836, covers three months in the district school, about one year in the High School, and a period in the Bridgewater Normal School, which he left in 1841, at the age of twenty. All his other education was derived from private study, sometimes alone, and sometimes with various teachers.
At the age of sixteen he taught his first school, in the Long Pond district, Plymouth. For several years he taught only in the winter season, but in 1843 he devoted himself to teaching as a life work, and followed it without interruption for nearly thirty years. From 1843 to 1847 he taught at Hingham; from 1847 to 1854 in Dorchester; from 1854 to 1866 in the public schools of Roxbury; and from 1866 to 1871 he conducted a private school for young ladies in the last named town.
In 1871 he was chosen Secretary of the Unitarian Sunday School Society. He closed his school, and devoted himself with characteristic energy to his new vocation for four years.
In 1875, at the request of Secretary White, Mr. Kneeland was made one of the Agents of the State Board of Education. Previously to this he had served for six years on the Boston School Committee.
In 1878, he was elected one of the Board of Supervisors (Assistant Superintendents they are now called) of the Boston Public Schools. This position he held almost continuously for sixteen years, when he retired to private life, at the age of seventy-three.
The most potent influences which contributed to Mr. Kneeland's success in life were in his opinion, successively the following: School, private study, early companionship, home, and contact with men in active life. For some years he was a joint editor of the Massachusetts Teacher. He also wrote various lectures and re-ports. While engaged in Sunday School work, he prepared a series of lessons on the life of Christ, accompanied by a publication for teachers. He also had charge of a children's magazine, called the Dayspring.
Throughout the Civil War, Mr. Kneeland was a clerk and Sergeant in the Roxbury Home Guard. He was a member of the Roxbury Historical Society, the Friday Evening Club, the Lafayette Lodge of Free Masons (Roxbury) and was an honorary member of the Massachusetts School Masters' Association.
He was an active member in numerous educational associations. In 1852 and 1853, he was President of the Norfolk County Teachers' Association; in 1861 and 1862, President of the Massachusetts Teachers' Association, and in 1868 and 1869, President of the American Institute of Instruction.
Mr. Kneeland was a life-long Republican, beginning with the "Liberty Party" of 1844. In religious belief, he called himself "an old fashioned Unitarian."
While never an athlete, Mr. Kneeland had a high regard for reasonable exercise, and in his own case derived advantage from the practice of the Swedish System of gymnastics.
He was thrice married. His second wife was Mary Frances (Conant) Fessenden, daughter of Albert Forbes Conant, of Boston, and widow of Charles F. Fessenden. Mr. Kneeland was married to her in 1861, and their only child, Herbert Forbes Kneeland, was born in November, 1862. He is a shoe manufacturer in South Braintree.
Mr. Kneeland's advice to the rising generation, in view of his long life and eminent success is worth heeding; he wrote for the readers of this work: "Have a right purpose, and stick to it."
Speaking of Mr. Kneeland, Dr. D. O. S. Lowell, Headmaster of the Roxbury Latin School, said: "On the 21st of November, 1913, I called at Mr. Kneeland's home to extend congratulations on his completion of ninety-two years. It was in the afternoon; and since early in the forenoon, friends had been calling to take the hand of the nonagenarian. But he sprang to his feet, seemingly unwearied, with the agility of a man of forty, and was with difficulty constrained to resume his chair. As the days came and went, he still refused to grow old, and it seemed likely that another anniversary would find him hale as ever. But on the week of his death he was the guest of honor at the Old School Boys' Association, and was called upon to speak. The attendant excitement, and the abundance of good cheer, proved too much for his strength. Shortly after his return home he became ill, lingered a day or two, and then passed away.
"Mr. Kneeland may aptly be termed 'a gentleman of the old school.' His courtesy was a marked feature of his character, and was coupled with rare tactfulness. It is hard to imagine that one could be his enemy; yet he never sacrificed principle to gain a friend. Of kindly heart and gentle speech, he moved among men like a summer breeze among the treetops, making not riot, and commotion, but a quiet harmony of sound. In his presence one naturally thought of things high and noble and pure. Without moralizing, he suggested ethical culture and clean living. The world has too few like him. May those whose character is equally upright, equal him also in length of days."


LOUIS KRONBERG
LOUIS KRONBERG was born in Boston, December 20, 1872, and is the son of Marks and Tobie Kronberg. His father was a merchant in a small way and the boy was early put at work around the store. But he quickly gave evidence of possessing unusual talents as an artist and made up his mind that he wanted to obtain a suitable art education. There were numerous difficulties to be overcome, but he found a staunch supporter in his mother, whose influence on his intellectual and moral life was particularly strong.
He attended the public schools of Boston graduating from the Eliot Grammar School, and afterward entered the Boston Art Museum School. To help defray his expenses he was accustomed to deliver newspapers in the city. While thus engaged he met many people who became interested in his struggle for an education, and who helped him materially in his career. During this period of school life also he developed a marked taste for reading, and found such books as Sir John Lubbock's, "Use of life," Emerson's "Essays," and Long's, "Marcus Aureiius," very helpful in fitting him for his subsequent life-work.
His paintings quickly attracted attention and for some of them which were exhibited at the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics Association in 1892, he was awarded the silver medal. Two years later he won the Longfellow Traveling Scholarship which entitled him to three years (1894-1897) in Europe. He went first to the Academy Julian in Paris, and subsequently studied under Jean Paul Laurens, Benjamin Constant, and Raphael Collin. Some of his paintings were accepted and exhibited at the Paris Exposition in 1897, the last year of his scholarship.
After his return to Massachusetts he became a member of the Boston Art Club, and of the Copley Society, and in connection with this latter institution he has become the Instructor in the Portrait class. One of his best pictures is entitled "Behind the Footlights," which hangs in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts at Philadelphia. Mr. Kronberg is also represented permanently at the Metropolitan Art Museum, New York; in Mrs. J. L. Gardner's collection, Boston; in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; in the John Herron Art Institution, Indianapolis, and in many important private collections.
In politics Mr. Kronberg is a staunch Republican, who has never changed his party allegiance upon any of the current issues. He is a Mason, Joseph Warren Lodge. He finds his chief recreation in music, for which he has had a peculiar liking since early boyhood, and he is himself a musician of considerable attainments. He has never married.
Out of his long and strenuous experience in the attainment of success in his chosen profession, Mr. Kronberg offers the following excellent suggestions to young Americans who, like himself, are striving toward honorable achievement-"Persevere. Make up your mind what you want to do and do it at all hazards, providing it is honest. Listen to others but have your own opinion. Be honest to yourself."
Mr. Kronberg's work is distinguished for delicacy and firmness of his drawing of the figure, for breadth and the pictorial sense in the management of the draperies, and for a fine feeling for the "envelopment" of his work, with tone and atmosphere, achieved through just observation of "values,"-in short he is master of technique and in possession of all its resources. His nudes executed in pastel have won him the highest critical appreciation, while his popular reputation is largely based on his numerous studies of the ballet-dancers' poses, both behind the footlights and in the dressing-room. His enterprise, courage and industry have led him into other fields, especially into the fine finish of domestic interiors with figures, such as the charming picture purchased by the Museum of Fine Arts, representing a gossiping old woman paying a visit to two young ladies, whose evident high breeding restrains their amusement over the pretensions of the "Lady Clancarty."


WILLIAM HENRY LEMON
WILLIAM HENRY LEMON, who died suddenly in New York, January 17, 1910, was of New England stock and a descendant of one of the early colonists. His mother was the daughter of Ezra Holt, one of the early settlers of Andover, Mass. Among the names of his forebears are found those of Giles and Wardwell. Mr. Lemon himself was born in Andover, Mass., the place of the early home of his family, on the tenth day of November, 1845, the son of William Lemon, of Boston, born February 22, 1812. The father was an old Boston book binder and of the firm of Greenleaf and Lemon, 107 Washington Street, in 1845; later in Cambridge, who had a marked musical taste and who also was a member of the Boston City Guards and Window Blues.
William H. Lemon was always a student and was ambitious for advancement in the world of science. After a preliminary course of study he entered the Phillips Academy at Andover and completed his course with credit at the Punchard High School. At eighteen years of age he was a teacher in the reformation school for boys at Deer Island, in Boston Harbor. But he heard the sound of the trumpet and the drum. The war was at its height and he enlisted in the First Massachusetts Frontier Cavalry and served through the remainder of the war.
After the close of the war he returned to Boston and studied at the Lowell Institute and Shedd and Edison School of Civil Engineering. He was employed in the office of the Boston city surveyor in charge of the grade work in Dorchester at the annexation of that town to Boston. He was a member of the Society of Civil Engineers. He then went to New York with the Otis Elevator Company, being their agent in San Francisco and Atlanta, Georgia. Later he was the New York agent of the Rhode Island Elevator Company, which position he occupied until the time of his sudden death.
On the 11th of December, 1879, he was married to Miss Edith G., daughter of Samuel and Emily Raymond, of Andover, Mass. Two children were born to them, neither of whom survived his death.
Throughout his life he was interested in the work and service of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He was connected actively with the Sunday School connected with the Church of that faith in Yonkers, New York and Dr. Siegel's Church, New York City. For many years he was vestryman, warden and treasurer of St. Paul's Church in Malden, Mass. He was greatly interested in the Grand Army of the Republic; was long the Officer of the Day of Lafayette Post of New York City; a member of the famous Capital City Club, of Atlanta, Georgia.
Besides his wife, Mr. Lemon was survived by a brother, Edward R. Lemon, of the Wayside Inn of Sudbury, Massachusetts, and one sister, Ella E. Lemon, formerly of Malden. His death is a great loss to all who knew him.


JOHN MUNRO LONGYEAR
JOHN MUNRO LONGYEAR was born at Lansing, Michigan, April 15, 1850. He traces his ancestry back to Jacob Langjahr, one of the early German settlers of New York. His grandfather was Peter Longyear, who married Jerusha Stevens. Their son, John Wesley Longyear, born at Shandaken, Ulster County, New York, October 22, 1820, after receiving his education at the Academy at Lima, New York, taught school for several years. In 1844, he removed to Mason, Ingrain County, and there while still engaged in teaching, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1846. He practiced first alone, then in partnership with his brother, Ephraim Longyear. He was a Republican Representative from Michigan in the 38th and 39th Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings and as a member of the Committee on Commerce. He was sent as Delegate to the Loyalist Convention at Philadelphia in 1866 and the following year was a member of the Michigan Constitutional Convention. In 1869 he was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District, which position he held until his death at Detroit, March 11, 1875.
His son, John Munro, was a pupil in the public schools of Lansing but while his parents were living in Washington, attended Georgetown College. As his health was not very good, he entered upon an out-of-door life, taking the position of a lumber sealer in the Saginaw Valley. In 1873 he went to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and spent five years in the woods examining lands, etc. His long and arduous trips through the forests soon gave him a rugged constitution and a large knowledge of lumbering. His keen eye recognized the value of the wild lands of that region; he even looked under the soil and saw the boundless wealth in minerals.
With characteristic energy he undertook the task of securing title to this wilderness and in time he became a large land proprietor. He was prominent in the development of the Gogebic and Menominee Iron district and he held a large interest in the famous Norrie mine which for years produced enormous quantities of ore and was very profitable. He took up his residence in Marquette and there became a director and manager of various banking, mining, and other corporations. In 1890-1 he was Mayor of Marquette. In 1890 he was Delegate to the Republican State Convention. For twenty-four years he was a member of the Board of Control of the Michigan School of Mines at Houghton, Michigan. His public services also included membership in the Northern Michigan Forest Protective Association, the Upper Peninsula Development Bureau, in the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Boston Chamber of Commerce. He is President of the Marquette National Bank.
In 1901 he made an excursion to the desolate, ice-bound island of Spitzbergen and found that the reports of coal deposits there were not exaggerated. There were boundless deposits of rich bituminous coal, especially well-adapted for producing steam and for making gas.
He returned to this country and organized a company which in 1906, after great preliminary expenses began an entry into the side of the mountain at Advent Bay, which is now over two thousand feet long. Houses and shelters were built for some four hundred Scandinavian and English miners under an American superin-tendent. A wharf, tramway, wire rope-way, and other equipments were transported and erected during the short Northern Summers. A fleet of steamships is now engaged in distributing this coal to various parts of Europe. It is estimated that ultimately this great mine will turn out a large tonnage.
Mr. Longyear makes frequent visits to this extraordinary possession which so far has never been claimed or protected by any government on earth. He has seen to it that the miners have every comfort possible to make up for the trying conditions which life so near the North Pole entails. He has taken many photographs, and one of his recreations is to delight his friends by lecturing on Spitsbergen and his experiences there, while stereopticon pictures visualize the scenery and the wild neighbors, -the bears, -the seals, -and the icebergs.
In 1901 a plan for building a railway into Marquette was matured. It divided and ruined the beauty of the Longyear estate and in consequence Mr. Longyear took his house which was built of brown Michigan sandstone and transported it bodily to Fisher Hill in Brookline where it was set up again, enlarged and some-what changed in appearance. He has a beautiful country estate in Powell Township, Marquette County, Michigan, on the shores of a picturesque lake, where he has a famous herd of blooded cattle.
Mr. Longyear is a member of the National Automobile Association, of the American Historical Association and of the Holstein Fresian Association. He also belongs to social and benevolent institutions, such as the Marquette Club, the Boston Twentieth Century Club, the Brookline Country Club, Detroit Club, Boston Art Club, the Huron Mountain Club, and Masonic body. He has been a generous contributor to many worthy objects; to mention only one - he gave a large sum to the University of Michigan Publication Fund whereby an interesting monograph was issued in most satisfactory style; one of especial interest to Bostonians, as it was the work of Arthur Fairbanks, LL.D., Director of the Museum of Fine Arts.
In January, 1879, Mr. Longyear married Mary Hawley Beecher of Battle Creek, Michigan. Mrs. Longyear has written an admirable book giving clear and eminently sensible directions for the management of a household, whether it be small and simple or a great establishment such as might be required by persons of wealth and position. Mrs. Longyear is also a charming painter and devotes much of her spare time (which she secures by a careful system) to the study and practice of her art. She is also a generous patroness of music and in her house there is a beautiful music-room where a large and noble organ is frequently called into requisition.
To Mrs. Longyear's far-sighted munificence is largely due the Park which separates the Christian Science Church from Huntington Avenue, so that its fine facade and dome may never be spoiled by other edifices. She has also contributed largely to the interesting objects at the Boston Art Museum.
They have three daughters; Abby Beecher, who married Alton True Roberts, a Harvard graduate, Helen McOraw, who married Lieut. Carroll Paul, U. S. N., a Dartmouth graduate, and Judith Folger, who married John Mortimer Richardson Lyeth of Chicago, a Harvard graduate; -and two sons; John M., a mining engineer, graduating from the College of Mines, Houghton, Michigan, and a postgraduate of Harvard, who married Elizabeth Barrett of Houghton, and Robert who is a Harvard student. The children all studied for several years abroad when their parents lived there, and are accomplished musicians and speak several languages fluently.
Mr. and Mrs. Longyear have five grandchildren. Horace N. Roberts, John Munro Roberts, Mary Faustina Roberts, Richardson Lyeth and John M. Longyear, 3d.


LOUIS PHILLIPPE McDUFFEE
LOUIS P. McDUFFEE, a strong, successful man of business, was born May 13, 1836, at Barnston, Stanstead County, Quebec, Canada. He died March 5, 1912 at Kalamazoo, Michigan. His father was Daniel McDuffee born at Alton, New Hampshire, November 29, 1799, and died at Derby, Vermont, May 19, 1867. His mother was Caroline Clark, born at Landaff, New Hamsphire, November 11, 1807, died at Derby, Vermont, January 5, 1885.
His grandfather, Daniel McDuffee, son of Captain Daniel McDuffee and Abigail Young, was born at Rochester, New Hampshire, April 3, 1770. He died June 3, 1860. His grandmother was Margaret Lucas.
His father was a farmer. like his forbears for several generations, he was Presbyterian in faith and allegiance. He was Puritanical and Spartan in the rearing of his children. He was fond of music and Scotch games of strength. The McDuffees came originally from Fifeshire and then Argyleshire, Scotland, were settled for a time in Londonderry, Ireland, emigrated to America about 1728 and settled in Rochester, New Hampshire. The mottoes of the McDuff family are "Deus juvat" and "Virtute et Opera."
Duncan McDuff, the celebrated Thane of Fife, was the chief of those who labored to restore King Malcolm III (called Canmore) to his throne. In return for his loyalty and valor, Duncan McDuff was made first officer of the crown. He was given a large tract of land in the county of life in "fee simple" and the name became McDuffee. To him and to his descendants was granted the privilege of crowning the Kings of Scotland at Scone Abbey.
John McDuffee, who was the ancestor of the McDuffees of Rochester and Dover, New Hampshire, was the son of John McDuffee who came from Scotland to Ireland and with his wife, Martha K., were in the siege of Derry. She is known in history as "Matchless Martha" because she, with great forethought, saved meal and doled it out to the starving soldiers when they were about to surrender, thereby helping to save Derry.
So highly did the king and parliament appreciate the valor of those who fought so bravely and suffered so heroically for their religion in the siege of Londonderry that all who had borne arms in the city were thereafter exempted from taxation. The lands occupied by such individuals were known as "Exempt Farms." John and Martha McDuffee were among those thus honored. This provision was extended to their children and even to those who afterwards came to America, until the time of the American Revolution.
Captain Daniel McDuffel was born in Rochester in May, 1739, and married Abigail Young. On September 8, 1777, he raised a company of fifty-eight men, thirty of whom were men of the town of Rochester. They joined the Northern army at Saratoga in season to participate in the brilliant victories. Captain McDuffee's company was in Col. Stephen Evan's Regiment.
Louis P. McDuffee in boyhood was fond of horses, games of prowess and strength, Scotch history, mathematics and oratory, and his mother's and grandmother's old china.
From the age of seven, Louis McDuffee worked on his father's farm doing nearly a man's work. At ten his father used to tell his hired harvesters that he would be satisfied if they kept up with his son Louis. The boy was born with ambition. He early acquired a love of work and the desire to complete what he undertook. He expected much of himself, and his tasks were never left half done.
He had a brave mother of rare good qualities, and to her influence he owed much, both in his moral and intellectual life. She shared with him his desire to become a lawyer, and made many sacrifices to help him in his education. She had his confidence, and all questions of right and wrong were discussed in the home. It was necessary for the ambitious young boy to chop and pile wood to pay for his books. He also taught school and traded in sheep, horses and cattle.
The books which did most toward molding his character and fitting him for life were the Bible, the English prayer book, the histories of Scotland and the United States, Emerson's "Conduct of Life," the speeches of Daniel Webster, Rufus Choate, Gladstone, Lincoln and Phillips Brooks, and the history and making of Pot-tery. The magazines which he enjoyed most, as a man, were the Forum, the North American Review and the periodicals that treat of trees, shrubs, flowers and outdoor life.
He attended Derby Academy, bang the valedictorian of his class. He was always at the head of his class in mathematics and excelled in oratory and in debate, being frequently chosen to represent his Academy in contests throughout the state of Vermont. So carried away was he in oratory and debate that he walked all the way from Derbyline, Vermont, to Boston to hear Rufus Choate argue the Dalton Divorce Case.
He sent his brother John through college and a medical course at McGill University in Montreal, and his sister Mary to a French convent school, so that she was later qualified to teach. He was obliged to forego both his own ambition to go to College and his desire to become a lawyer, but all through his life he was a student and a reader of the best in literature.
Louis McDuffee's first business venture was in selling northern cattle at the Brighton Market, near Boston. He was successful and when he was twenty-one years old, he had acquired the sum of $8,000. Later, with a slump in the market on cattle he lost his savings and $11,000 more. Nothing daunted him, he determined to go to Boston and enter the Crockery, China and Glass business. He had chosen Otis Norcross and Co. as the firm with which he wished to ally himself, but he was doomed to temporary disappointment. It was the year 1860. Times were hard and he was refused a position by all Boston houses in the business. Yet having the courage of his convictions, and feeling absolutely sure he could make good, he borrowed money, paid for one month's room and board in advance and engaged himself to Clark, Adams and Clark, pottery merchants, to work for one month without pay, or until such time as he could prove himself of service. He arranged with the foreman to give him evening lessons in the history, ingredients, and making of pottery; and acted as assistant to the senior member of the firm, waiting upon him and hearing him sell bills of goods. The boy worked hard and was resourceful. His large acquaintance with prominent Vermont men, through his boyhood success in oratory, was one of his assets. After learning the goods and becoming acquainted with the stock, he used to rise at five, several times each week, to consult the hotel registers. When he found the owner of any general store from Vermont registered, he made his acquaintance, if he did not already know him, and induced him to come to Clark, Adams and Clark for his pottery and glass.
He was paid wages at the end of the first week. At the end of the first month, he was engaged for a year on a salary. At the end of three years, he was offered a partnership in the firm. But wishing to ally himself, at this time with some firm for life, he took a trip to New York and Philadelphia to look over the field in those cities. Meantime, he was offered a position with Otis Norcross and Co., which he decided to accept. By a curious coincidence, the man sent to approach him on this subject was Mr. Jerome Jones. The two young men became warm friends and the respect and loyalty which each has felt for the other through many years is most rare among partners.
The young business man owed much in training and counsel to that sterling and courtly merchant Otis Norcross, the then head of the firm. Mr. Norcross tested him that first year in many ways. When Mr. McDuffee had become acquainted with the stock of the new firm, Mr. Norcross asked him, in case they wished him to make a Western trip, how long it would take him to get ready after he had been notified. Mr. McDuffee replied, "I should like an hour." He was given just that length of time, a few days later. When he asked Mr. Norcross where he wished him to go, Mr. Norcross replied laconically, "You are not restricted, go where the berries are the thickest."
In those early pioneer days before railroads had opened up the country, there were risks to be run by a Western traveler and many privations to be met. Mr. McDuffee was absolutely fearless, and was never deterred from going anywhere because it was dangerous. One day on the frontier, the coach having just left, he engaged a team of horses and a driver to take him to the next large town. A different driver was sent from the one he had chosen and he had been obliged to take the payment of a large debt in money. Not liking the driver's looks, he became suspicious when the man insisted that they stop over night at the half-way house, - getting the driver out of the buggy, on some pretext, he complimented his driving and asked him if he could drive equally well when sitting on the left hand side. The man proudly said that he could, and jumped in to find a revolver trained on him. He was ordered to drive by the half-way house at a gallop, which he did; although three bandits stood in the doorway and their coming was evidently expected. Several shots were fired after them. Upon reaching his destination, Mr. McDuffee was told that he was the only man, in many weeks, not coming by the regular stage-coach, to come through alive.
Sometimes, exigencies arose from a failure in business or a fire sweeping through a town. Several times, Mr. McDuffee went with relays of horses, driving over fallen logs in the pine woods night and day, arriving first on the spot, to secure any debts or obligations for his firm.
At one time, a new and prosperous district opening up, Mr. McDuffee decided he would gain much advantage by being on the ground first. To his surprise, representatives of four competitive firms got into the stage-coach which was to take them within a half day's ride of the place. Mr. McDuffee took little part in that day's conversation, spending much of his time in sleeping. When evening came and they arrived where the stage-coach was to stop for the night, he ate a light luncheon and secured a driver and a span of horses to take him to the next village. When the stagecoach arrived the following noon, the four salesmen, to their surprise, found that all general stores had been supplied with crockery and glass for the year.
One of the first places in which Mr. McDuffee boarded in Boston was the old City Hotel on Bromfield Street. Later in that day of fewer entertainments and social opportunities than now, he fitted up his two rooms near the Revere House with a fine library, and a music box and piano. Friends and customers were always entertained there or at the theatre. Mr. McDuffee was a great admirer of Edwin Booth and saw him in all of his Shakespearian roles many times.
During the fire of 1872, Mr. McDuffee worked with untiring persistence. Fortunately the fire stopped just short of South Market Street, where Otis Norcross and Company's store then was, but most of the stock was packed in baskets ready to be moved on short notice. Mr. McDuffee was not only indefatigable in his efforts at Otis Norcross and Company's store, but he worked two nights to help a friend whose business and safe were imperiled. After the fire the city was in darkness and there was a great demand and need of lamps and lanterns. The constant orders must be filled. He took no heed of time, day or night, but worked on as long as there was anything to be done.
Mr. McDuffee never believed in luck, good or bad. He organized for success, and kept working until what he had undertaken was achieved. Temporary defeat always urged him on to achieve a final victory. He thought that it was his to find a way or make it. No obstacle to him seemed insurmountable. He had vision, initiative and the courageous energy to make a dream a reality. In 1867 he became a member of the firm.
At the time when the firm's new name was under discussion, he saw an opportunity in Wisconsin. There was an enormous yield of hops in three counties. The hop pickers went from one farm to another in large bands, and he saw that if the goods could be delivered promptly that they could use a great quantity of crockery and glass. Counting the difficulties, only to see how they could best be overcome, he secured a sheriff, who was also a fine horseman, and who had many friends throughout the state, to drive him through the three counties. They laid out their route carefully, wired ahead for relays of horses and drove night and day for a week. Often the customers were awakened from a sound sleep and were induced to buy at twelve, one or two o'clock at night. The orders taken each twenty-four hours were wired into the firm, and every bill of goods sold arrived when promised. Shortly afterwards, his name was added to the firm title. Work, ability and more work had counted in lieu of capital.
In 1878, thinking to extend the business more thoroughly through the great West, he decided to give this field his personal attention. To that end, he moved his family to Kalamazoo, Michigan, as more central for his coining and going. He spent many winters on the Pacific Coast. He traveled extensively, both for business and for pleasure. He had customers from Detroit to San Francisco who were his personal friends.
He spent the spring and summer months of 1899 in travel with his family through Continental Europe and Great Britain. Though it was a health measure, he made a comparative study of the people of many lands and enjoyed visiting the places famous in history and song. He found in the changes of scene and air recreation and refreshment, and this brief rest from business was a constant source of pleasure and happy recollection throughout the remainder of his life.
Mr. McDuffee's success in life was determined more by his strong character and indomitable will than by any outside influence. Home, school, private study and the companions he chose helped to round out his character. He counted more than one college President among his close friends. Mr. Charles Kendall Adams, although an upper classman at Derby Academy, was a life long and very warm friend. They exchanged visits when Dr. Adams was a professor at Ann Arbor. They saw much of one another later when he was President of Cornell and of Wisconsin Universities and spent happy days together in Radlands, California.
He had a lofty sense of patriotism. He was most philanthropic, and he was always behind any movement for civic betterment.
When the Civil War broke out, he was at the head of a military company. He was promised a Captaincy and with his courage and ability as a leader, he was sure of speedy promotion. His heart was filled with patriotic loyalty for the Union. But at great personal sacrifice, he gave up all thought of going to the war, because he felt it his duty to stay at home and provide for his mother, his invalid father, and his brother and sister.
Mr. McDuffee was a member of many prominent fraternities, societies and clubs. He was a Knight Templar, a 32d degree Mason, a member of the Boston Commercial Club, of the American Park and Outdoor Association, a Director of Mountain Home Cemetery in Kalamazoo, Michigan, from 1895 to 1912, a period of seventeen years, a member of the Kalamazoo Commercial Club, the Park Club, the Country Club, and the Art Association of Kalamazoo.
In politics he was a Republican but he twice voted for Grover Cleveland. Although devoted to his party, he felt that sometimes the Republicans went too far in their adherence to high protective tariff. He hoped through many years that the tariff on earthenware would be sufficiently reduced so that common American ware might improve through greater competition; and enough reduction be made on the finer grades of pottery, so that people of moderate means throughout our country could possess some pieces of beautiful china.
He was a member of the Presbyterian Church. He had a high code of ethics. He lived up to his own ideals.
Louis P. McDuffee was married in 1870, January 18, at Ripon, Wisconsin, to Harriet Elizabeth Mead, born in Cortland County, New York. She was the daughter of Albina Eliza McKnight and Hiram Hardy Mead. Mr. Mead was a banker and cousin of Larkin O. Mead, the sculptor, of Brattleboro, Vermont, and cousin removed of General Meade. Mrs. McDuffee's grandmother, Harriet Clapp McKnight, belonged to the Clapp and Lyman families of Easthampton, Massachusetts, and was cousin of the Fairbanks family of Vermont. Mrs. McDuffee's mother, Albina Eliza-McKnight Mead, was double cousin of the McKnights of Springfield, Massachusetts, and descended from three ancestors who fought in the Revolutionary War.
Mr. and Mrs. Louis P. McDuffee have two daughters, who are both living: Alice Louise McDuffee, born in Boston. She is a graduate of Smith College and has written a guide book of Boston, the "Nutshell Boston Guide" and Florence Mead McDuffee, born in Kalamazoo, Michigan, who was married to John Denison Nevin of Easton, Pennsylvania, in 1907. Mr. Nevin is a cousin of Ethelbert Nevin, the composer. He was graduated from Yale in 1904. Their son, John Denison Nevin, Jr., was born in 1909.
Mr. McDuffee seemed to live with the mottoes of the McDuff family "Virtute et Opera" and "Deus Juvat" ever in mind. The latter he interpreted to mean "God assists those who do their utmost."
The Scotch are known for their seriousness of purpose, their studiousness, their physical strength, their loyalty and energy. Although thoroughly American, these traits of his forbears persisted in him. He was public spirited and gave his warm support to all that he thought for the good of his city, state, or country. He was interested in all matters of civic pride. He was a great lover of flowers and an authority on shrubs and trees. He loved the beautiful in nature as he admired strength in character. He was deeply interested in the growth of art and music.
He was fond of young people and his comradeship and advice was a great inspiration to young men starting out in life. He tried to teach young men that obstacles are in one's path to be overcome; that misfortune is sent simply to strengthen character. There is a lesson in his life history for every ambitious young man. He never did things by halves. He was thorough and generous. Whether it was in his home, with his friends, or in his business, he gave full measure. He did more than was expected of him and stored up an emergency reserve. Some one has said, "It is superfluous labor that equips a man for everything that counts most in life."
Mr. McDuffee had an extensive acquaintance and a rare genius for friendship. He interested himself in behalf of his customers, always studying to be helpful to them in planning ways to invite more patronage and win success in business. Many salesmen have tried to emulate his habits and example. In the early days, Mr. McDuffee profited by his training in the Norcross commercial methods. His love and loyalty for his partners was undying. His life, his ambition, and his interest, early and late, were devoted to his business. His knowledge of merchandise values was uncommon, his judgment of credits was exceptional, his perception of shapes, patterns and quantities almost unerring.
He had some unusual gifts which served him in many ways. His remarkable memory for figures enabled him to cany one, two and even three large orders in his mind at one time without memorandum. This frequently enabled him to do a large amount of business in a short time. His ability to remember faces or to detect family resemblances showed close observation. On several occasions, he was able to pick out the grandson or the cousin of a man whom he had known in a distant state. This often opened up new avenues ofi friendship or of business and led to rare opportunities.
Among the many tributes to the memory of Mr. McDuffee one is here quoted: "It is with the deepest sorrow that the directors of the Jones, McDuffee and Stratton Company announce the death of their esteemed associate, Mr. Louis P. McDuffee, on Tuesday, March 5, 1912. He was associated with us for forty-nine years."
The company received a letter of tribute from an early associate of Mr. McDuffee, George B. Jones of the crockery firm of Johnson Bros., New York City, in which he says:
"He was a pioneer in the introduction of foreign earthenware and china to merchants in all sections of the country and his energy and ability, coupled with his genial disposition and sound judgment, established justly for him the reputation as the most successful distributor who ever traveled in the interests of any wholesale concern engaged in the earthenware and china business. His honesty of purpose and his sincerity endeared him to many. He leaves behind a record of 'well done, good and faithful servant.'"
His nature was broad, and uplifting. A friend said of him: - "Mr. McDuffee is one to whom the petty things of life never clung." He was a gentleman of the heart, kindly and courteous to his friends and thoughtful and considerate at all times. To him, his home was the center of the universe. A sympathetic understanding and beautiful companionship existed between husband and wife. "How much I have to strive for," he once said. He was a most devoted husband and father. He was generous, charitable, and tender hearted toward any one in trouble or distress and was always doing for others.
He had a keen sense of humor, a genial disposition, with initiative and sound judgment. His aim, purpose, and courage were unfaltering. He made of his work a fine art, and undertook it joyously. Industry, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency were keynotes of his character.
In his notebook was written "The recollection of quality remains long after the price is forgotten."


ATHERTON PERRY MASON
ATHERTON PERRY MASON was born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, September 13, 1856, and is the son and only child of Charles and Caroline Atherton (Briggs) Mason. At the time of his birth his parents resided on Pleasant Street in Fitchburg, but during the following year his father built a residence on Laurel Hill, a sightly location just south of and overlooking the town, to which the family removed in November, 1857, and Laurel Hill has been the home of Dr. Mason for over half a century.
His father, Charles Mason, Esq., came of sterling New Hampshire stock. His early ancestor, Captain Hugh Mason, came from England in 1634, and settled in Watertown, where he and his descendants lived for many years, later removing to Sherborn, and still later to Dublin, New Hampshire, where they acquired a large tract of land. Benjamin Mason, a great grandson of Captain Hugh Mason, was the direct ancestor who first settled in Dublin in 1765, or thereabouts, and his grandson, Thaddeus Mason, Jr., who was born in Dublin, November 15, 1770, and married Lydia, daughter of Ivory Perry of Dublin, was the father of Charles Mason, born in Dublin, New Hampshire, June 3, 1810. During his boyhood he worked on his father's farm and attended the district school, and being of a studious nature he fitted himself to enter Phillips Exeter Academy; he was a student there from 1829 to 1831. He then went to Dartmouth College and in 1832 went to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and became a member of the class of 1834, at Harvard College. After receiving the degree of A.B. from Harvard, he was made Tutor in Latin and also studied law at the Dane Law School of Harvard College. He received the degrees of LL.B. and A.M. in 1839, and, resigning his tutorship, began the practice of law. In September, 1842, he came to Fitchburg to remain permanently.
He married August 9, 1853, Caroline A. Briggs. Mr. Mason, or "Squire Mason" as he was generally called, was prominent in Fitchburg affairs for many years, notably in the conduct of the public schools of the town, as Chairman of the School Committee. He held varioas legal offices and positions under the State Govern-ment, and was a member of the General Court of Massachusetts at the time when Charles Stumner was elected to the United States Senate in 1851 by one vote majority. He was one of the founders of the Fitchburg Athenaeum, whose library later became the nucleus of the present large public library. After 1870 he pursued no stated business on account of impaired health. He died March 12, 1901, aged nearly ninety-one years.
Dr. Mason's mother, Caroline Atherton Briggs, was bom in Marblehead, Massachusetts, July 27, 1823, the youngest daughter of Dr. Calvin and Rebecca (Monroe) Briggs, and granddaughter of Rev. James Briggs of Cummington, Massachusetts. Her grandfather on the maternal side was Dr. Ephraim Monroe, born and educated in Scotland and a surgeon in the military service. Her father, Dr. Calvin Briggs, a descendant of Richard Briggs, who came from England in 1650, and settled in Taunton, Massachusetts, graduated at Williams College in 1803, and received the degrees of M.B. and A.M. from Harvard College in 1807, and of M.D. in 1811, being one of the first to receive the degree of M.D. from Harvard. He was a physician of large practice and high standing in Marblehead and vicinity and his death, in 1852, was deeply lamented by the townspeople. Soon after his death Mrs. Briggs removed to Fitchburg with her family and her daughter Caroline was married to Charles Mason, shortly afterward.
Dr. Mason's mother was eminently literary and possessed genuine poetical talents. Before reaching the age of twenty she began her poetical career and it was while she was a student at Bradford Academy that she wrote "Do They Miss Me at Home!" a poem which was known all over the English speaking world. It first appeared in the Salem Register, to which she was then a regular contributor, under the nom-de-plume of "Caro." Previous to her marriage, upwards of seventy of her earlier poems were published by Phillips, Sampson & Company, Boston, in a volume entitled "Utterance." Mrs. Mason was a welcome contributor to many of the leading magazines of a generation ago and to newspapers both secular and religious, and some of her poems have had a strong uplifting and moral influence on the reading public. Her work in prose was slight, but poetry was always forthcoming, and she was ever ready to utilize her talent for occasions public or private, local or national. Both she and her husband were staunch personal friends of Senator Sumner, and a poem written by Mrs. Mason on the occasion of Charles Sumner's great emancipation speech, delivered in Worcester, Massachusetts, in October, 1861, was so highly esteemed by Mr. Sumner that he caused it to be printed in connection with the speech, and it may be found in his published works. Several of her poems have been set to music and a number of her hymns are to be found in various hymn books.
Mrs. Mason died June 13, 1890, after an illness of several years' duration. Shortly after her death, her husband and son selected something over one hundred of her best poems, sonnets, hymns, etc., and a volume, embracing these under the title "The Lost Ring and Other Poems," was published in 1892 by Houghton Mifflin & Company, Boston. A most appreciative introduction for the volume was written by Rev. Charles Gordon Ames, D.D., of Boston.
In this volume is included "Waking," one of her best productions, and also "En Voyage," which is begun by a stanza of four lines, perhaps more widely known, and whose authorship is more often asked about, than is the case with any of her other poems. The stanza is here given as a fitting conclusion to this brief story of her life which, as Dr. Ames wrote in his introduction: "Was the noblest of her poems."
"Which ever way the wind doth blow
Some heart is glad to have it so;
Then blow it east or blow it west;
The wind that blows, that wind is best."
A father, firm yet kind, intellectual and trained to accuracy in details, a gentleman of the old school now so seldom met with; a mother gentle, imaginative and full of loving kindness; and the acquaintance and companionship of the class of friends naturally associated with the home and social life of Charles Mason and his wife, - under such influences did their son spend his youth. Such influences cannot be forgotten, or their power for good in the formation of character be overestimated.
During boyhood, Dr. Mason employed his time mainly in out-of-door work in the garden, and acquiring an education in the public schools. He graduated from the Fitchburg High School in 1875 and in the fall of the same year entered Harvard College, and after four pleasant years in Cambridge, during which he formed valuable and lasting friendships, he received the degree of A.B. in 1879. He then entered the Harvard Medical School and obtained the degree of M.D. in 1882. He was Librarian of the Medical School during one year of the course. His graduation thesis, a report on original investigations and experiments made by himself on Erythroxylon Coca was published in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. After spending over a year in the Boston Hospitals, etc., he returned to Fitchburg in March, 1884, and began the practice of medicine.
Dr. Mason has always been interested in scientific research, and bacteriology, then just beginning as a science, appeared so attractive and full of promise that he made a study of it. When the Burbank Hospital was opened in Fitchburg he became bacteriologist and pathologist of the hospital, and continued in that position during the first fifteen years of its existence. To perfect himself still more in this rapidly advancing science, in 1899 he took a special course with Harold C. Ernst, M.D., Professor of Bacteriology in Harvard University. In June, 1899, he was elected City Bacteriologist of Fitchburg, a position he has held ever since. He has found the careful accurate ways, acquired through his father's influence, of great help in doing this and every other sort of work.
He is a member of the local medical society, the Worcester North District Medical Society, of which he has been President, and he has also held various other offices in the society, at present being Librarian, an office he has held for some fifteen years, and since 1884, has been a fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society. In April, 1914, he was elected a councilor of the society.
For nearly thirty years he has been medical examiner for the New York Life, the Northwestern Mutual Life and the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Companies. He has taken much interest naturally in public health matters and was a member of the Fitchburg Board of Health in 1895-96. He has enjoyed membership in the Massachusetts Association of Boards of Health for nearly twenty years. For a few years, after 1899, he was a member of the Boston Society of Medical Sciences.
Dr. Mason was married, July 17, 1890, at Gardner, Massachusetts, to Gertrude Leone Black, daughter of George W. and Diana M. (Ballou) Black of Gardner. Her mother was a daughter of Otis and Lydia (Chamberlain) Ballou, a direct descendant on the paternal side of Marturin Ballou who settled in Providence Plantations and had association with Roger Williams. On the maternal side Mrs. Mason is descended from the Chamberlain family who were among the first arrivals in this country and settled in Newtown, now Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Dr. and Mrs. Mason have one child, Alice Caroline Mason, who received her degree of A.B. in 1912, from Radcliffe College and in 1913, the degree of A.M. from the same college.
For more than thirty years he has kept an unbroken record of weather observations, as an observer for the United States Weather Bureau. For more than forty years he has been interested in Philately, and is a member of the Boston Philatelic Society, the American Philatelic Society and the Association for Stamp Exhibitions. He attended the International Philatelic Exhibitions, the first one in America, held in New York City, October 27 to November 1, 1913. He has taken much interest in local historical matters and was one of the founders of the Fitchburg Historical Society, of which he was Treasurer and Librarian during the first ten years of its existence.
Dr. Mason's parents were Unitarians and he has always been connected with that church, the First Parish in Fitchburg, and has held the offices of Treasurer and Assessor and other minor offices in the Parish. He is a life member of the American Unitarian Association.
He has been President of the Fitchburg Horn Goods Company since its incorporation in January, 1905.
He is a member of the Fitchburg Harvard Club, the Associated Harvard Clubs and the Harvard Medical Alumni Association.


DANIEL HOWE NEWTON
DANIEL HOWE NEWTON, formerly President of the Hoosac Tunnel and Wilmington Railroad Company, a member of the Massachusetts State Legislature, and distinguished for his long and active labors in developing and financing important manufacturing industries and railroad enterprises in New England, was born in Hubbardston, Worcester County, Massachusetts, July 22, 1827. Mr. Newton came of a family founded in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the first half of the seventeenth century, his ancestor in that early period being Richard Newton, born in England in 1601, and set down in the colonial records as a resident of Sudbury in 1640. Mr. Newton's great-grandfather was an earnest patriot during the Revolution and became a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Boston. The father of the subject of this sketch was a lumberman and a man of enterprise and perseverance. He died in 1891, having passed his ninetieth year. His wife, who was a typical New England woman, was remarkably endowed mentally.
Daniel Howe Newton was the third of a family of eleven children, and the eldest son. His early boyhood was spent in Hubbardston, but his education began in the town of Greenfield, whither his parents moved. A bright, clever boy, he studied diligently, and after finishing the public school course, entered New Salem Academy, passed thence to the Goodale Academy at Bernardston, and closed the higher curriculum at Williston Seminary. At the age of twenty he was welcomed to partnership by his father, and from the beginning displayed unusual talents for business. Before he was twenty years old, he made a business trip to Cincinnati, Ohio, which occupied several months. During his absence, he taught a district school in Kentucky. This trip was always regarded by him as of the greatest importance because of its influence in quickening his faculties, developing his self reliance, and broadening his knowledge of the world. Mr. Newton remained associated with his father in the lumber business for a number of years.
In the early years of his manhood Mr. Newton was a Whig, but attached himself to the Republican party at its formation in 1856, and thenceforth took an active part in local politics. In 1861 he was elected Treasurer of Franklin County.
September 24, 1862, he married Mary Ahby Cogswell, of Essex, Massachusetts. Settling permanently in Holyoke, Mr. Newton, in conjunction with his brother, John C. Newton, organized in 1862, the firm of D. H. and J. C. Newton, which at once entered upon active business as builders and contractors. One of the first constructions was the Hampden Paper Mill, organized in 1861, and operated by the Newtons until 1871 when it was sold to the docker Manufacturing Company. In 1866 they completed another mill, which was sold to the Franklin Paper Company. In 1873, Mr. Newton organized the Massachusetts Screw Company, and became president. Returning to the paper business they built mills for the Newton Paper Company, the Excelsior Paper Company, the Wauregan Paper Company, the Winona Paper Company, and the Chemical Paper Company. Besides these, mills were built for many textile fabrics, among them the Springfield Blanket Company's Mill, the William Skinner Silk Mill, the Farr Alpaca Company's Mill, and the Connor Brothers Mill.
The development of the Deerfield Valley was now undertaken. The railroad from Hoosac Tunnel to Readsboro, Vermont, one of the first works in this development, was organized by Daniel Howe Newton, and was of great importance, opening up the vast sources of wood-pulp supply in Vermont. To the wise and persistent labors of Mr. Newton and his brothers may be justly ascribed the preeminence of Holyoke as a paper making city.
He was a director in the Chemical Paper Company, the Deerfield River Company, the Holyoke Board of Trade, and the Home National Bank of Holyoke.
He was a man of active mind, great energy, and strong religious convictions, being very active in the Church with which he is connected, while restricting his charities to no special creed or class.

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