MAJOR-GENERAL N. P. BANKS was born in Massachusetts, in 1810, and received but a limited education. His earliest labors were spent industriously in a cotton factory at Waltham. He afterward became a machinist, and applying himself diligently to the cultivation of his mind, made great progress. In 1848, he was chosen a member of the Massachusetts House*of Representatives, and became its Speaker in 1851. In 1853, he was chosen to represent the State in Congress, and in 1855, was re-elected. In 1856, he became Speaker of-the House of Representatives, after a prolonged ballot, which continued during nearly the entire session of Congress. He was elected Governor of Massachusetts in 1857, and executed the duties of that office with great ability. On account of his high reputation for capacity, energy, and integrity, the government, at the beginning of the rebellion, appointed him a major-general of volunteers in command of a division on the Potomac at Darnestown. We have traced in the former pages his operations on the Potomac , followed him in his masterly retreat to that river, and fully described a movement which emulates the retreat of the famed ten thousand under Xenophon, whose glory is eclipsed by the greater strategy of the American. The part which he enacted in the disastrous Red river expedition, and his successful government in New Orleans , have been amply set forth. General Banks is possessed of a high order of intellect, and, as a self-made man, is a model to the youth of the country. The nation still respects a patriot who, with ability and integrity, supported the constitution during the colossal rebellion, and yet holds a high position in the national councils. (Source: A Complete History of the Great Rebellion of the Civil War in the U.S. 1861-1865 with Biographical sketches of the Principal actors in the Great Drama. By Dr. James Moore, Published 1875) contributed by Linda R. BESSEY, Elmer L., was born in Massachusetts, October 27, 1863, and came to Coos county (Oregon) in October, 1887, and settled on Coos river and is engaged in farming and dairying. His wife's maiden name was Clara Guptill, born in California, May 15, 1867, and their children's names are Warren E., and Alder E. [Source #1] BLAKE, John G., was born in Massachusetts, September 16, 1830, and came to Coos Co. (Oregon), in July 1873 and settled on North Coos river where he died shortly afterwards. His widow married William Vincamp, who was born in Pennsylvania June 17, 1839. They have two children, Frank and William. [Source #1] BROWN, Olympia, Universalist minister, born in Prairie Ronde, Kalamazoo county, Mich., 5th January, 1835. Though a Wolverine, and always claiming to be a representative Western woman, Olympia's ancestry belonged to what Oliver Wendell Holmes would call "The Brahmin Caste of New England," though both her parents were Vermont mountaineers. On her father's side she traces her lineage directly back to that sturdy old patriot, Gen. Putnam, of Revolutionary fame, and through her mother she belongs to a branch of the Parkers, of Massachusetts. Olympia's parents moved to Michigan, as pioneers, in what was then the remote West. Her birthplace was a log-house, and her memories of childhood are the narrow experiences common to a farmer's household in a new country, with only the exceptional stimulus to mental culture afforded by the self-denial of a mother determined that her daughters should enjoy every advantage of study she could possibly obtain for them. At the age of fifteen Olympia was promoted to the office of mistress of the district school and was familiarized with all the delights of "boarding around " She alternated teaching in a country school in summer with study in the village academy in winter, till, in the fall of 1854, she entered Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, in South Hadley, Mass. Though she remained only one year, reviewing branches already quite thoroughly mastered, she there first began to be interested in those theological investigations that have shaped her life. Questioning the doctrinal teaching made prominent in the seminary, she secured the strongest Universalist documents she could find and laid the foundations of a faith never since shaken. Attracted by the reputation of Horace Mann as an educator, she became a student in Antioch College, Ohio, and was graduated from that institution in 186o. The question confronted her then, "what use shall I make of my life?" To a careful paper, asking advice of the college faculty on that point, she received, as their best deliberate thought, direction to an indefinite course of reading and study, with the one aim of selfish intellectual enjoyment, varied by purely private acts of charity. Against the narrow limitations of such an ex1stence all the activities of her soul rebelled, and, after much thought and in spite of determined opposition from every quarter, she chose the profession of the ministry, and was graduated from the Theological seminary, in Canton, N. Y., a branch of St. Lawrence University. She was ordained in Malone, N. Y., in June, 1863, by vote of the ordaining council of the Universalist Church, the first instance of the ordination of a woman by any regularly constituted ecclesiastical body. There had been woman preachers and exhorters in America ever since the days of Anne Hutchinson, but in no case had such preachers been ordained by ecclesiastical council or by the authority of the church of which she was a representative. This public recognition of a woman minister by a body of the church militant opened the pulpit to women so effectively that her ordination was followed by others of other denominations. Her first pastoral labors were as pulpit supply in Marshfield, Vt., in the absence of Rev. Eh Ballou, pastor, and preaching every alternate Sunday in East Montpelier. Desirous of better perfecting herself for efficient service, early in 1864 she moved to Boston and entered the Dio Lewis Gymnastic School, taking lessons in elocution of Prof. Leonard. There she received and accepted a call to the church in Weymouth, Mass., and was formally installed as pastor on 8th July, 1864, the Rev. Sylvanus Cohb preaching the installation sermon. Early in her pastorate the question was raised concerning the legality of the marriage rite solemnized by a woman. The subject was brought before the Massachusetts Legislature and referred to the judiciary committee, who decided that, according to the definition of legislative statutes, the masculine and feminine pronouns are there used interchangeably, and the statutes, as then worded, legalized marriages by ministers of the gospel, whether men or women. In the spring of 1866 Olympia attended the Equal Rights convention, held in Dr. Cheever's Church in New York, and there met Susan B. Anthony, Parker Pillsbury and other prominent advocates of woman's enfranchisement. From her early girlhood she had taken a keen interest in every movement tending toward a wider scope for girls and women, but on that occasion she was first brought into personal relations with the active reformers of the day. In 1867 the Kansas Legislature submitted to popular vote a proposition to amend their constitution by striking out the word "male." That was the first time the men of any State were asked to vote upon a measure for woman suffrage. Lucy Stone immediately made arrangements with the Republican central committee to send one woman speaker to aid in the ensuing canvass. In response to urgent importunity that she should become the promised speaker, Olympia obtained the consent of her parish, and personally furnished a supply for her pulpit. She set forth on her arduous mission in July and labored unremittingly till after election. A tour through the wilds of Kansas at that time involved hardships, difficulties and even dangers. Arrangements for travel and fitting escort had been promised her, but nothing was provided. Nevertheless, overcoming obstacles that would have taxed the endurance of the strongest man, she completed the entire canvass of the settled portions of the State. Between 5th July and 5th November she made 205 speeches, traveling, not infrequently, fifty miles to reach an appointment. The Republican party, that submitted the proposition and induced her engagement in the field, so far stultified its own action as to send out circulars and speakers to defeat the measure, and yet, by her eloquent appeals, she had so educated public sentiment that the result showed more than one-third of the voting citizens in favor of the change. Olympia's pastoral connection with the church in Weymouth continued nearly six years. But, she said characteristically, the church was then on so admirable a footing she could safely trust it to a man's management and she desired for herself a larger field, involving harder toil. She accepted a call to the church in Bridgeport, Conn., then in a comatose condition. Immediately affairs assumed a new aspect, the church membership rapidly increased, the Sunday-school, which had had only a nominal existence, became one of the finest in the city, and the work of the church in all good causes was marked for its excellence and efficiency. She severed her connection with the church in April, 1876. She remained in New England, preaching in many States, as opportunity offered, till February, 1878, when she accepted a call to the pastorate of the Universalist Church in Racine, Wis. There she made for herself a home, which is the center of genial hospitality and the resort of the cultivated and intelligent. She faithfully continued her pastorate with the Racine church, toiling with brain and hand, with zeal unflagging, taxing her resources to the utmost to help the society meet its financial emergencies, till the time of her resignation, in February, 1887. Of her work there, a member of her parish writes: "When she came to Racine some of the parish were groping about in search of 'advanced thought;' some, for social and other causes, had become interested in other churches, and some were indifferent. Her sermons interested the indifferent, called many of the wanderers back and furnished food for thought to the most advanced thinkers. Her addresses were always in point." It is noticeable that all the churches with which Olympia has been connected have continued to be active, working parishes, dating a new life from the time of her union with them, thus showing that her quickening is not the transient development of an abnormal excitment, but healthy growth from central, vital truth planting. Since her resignation of her pulpit in Racine, while still keeping the interest of Universalism near her heart, and losing no opportunity to extend its borders and expound its doctrines, and continuing actively in the ministry, Olympia has given the larger part of her time to the Wisconsin Woman Suffrage Association, of which she has been for several years the president and central inspiration. As vice-president of the National Woman Suffrage Association she has been able to raise an eloquent voice in behalf of progress and has done much to recommend that organization to the people. In the course of her public career she has many times been called to address the legislatures of the several States, and her incisive arguments have contributed much to those changes in the laws which have so greatly ameliorated the condition of women. Olympia has not confined her sympathies to womans' rights or to Universalism. She as been and still is a persevering, faithful temperance agitator, working assiduously for almost a score of years in the orders of the Good Templars and the Sons of Temperance. In April, 1873, Olympia was married to John Henry Willis, a business man, entirely in sympathy with her ideas in regard to woman's position. It is by mutual agreement and with his full consent she retains the maiden name her toil has made historic, and continues her public work. Two children beautify the home, H. Parker Brown Willis and Gwendolen Brown Willis.  Perhaps one could hardly answer the sophistries of those who claim that the enlargement of woman’s sphere of action will destroy the home-life better than by pointing to its practical illustration in her well-ordered home.  Perhaps her most prominent characteristic, and one that has been sometimes mistaken for aggressiveness, is her absolute fearlessness in espousing and defending the right. (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol 1 Publ. 1897 Transcribed by Marla Snow) BUELL, Mrs. Caroline Brown, temperance worker and philanthropist, was born in Massachusetts. Her ancestry was New England and Puritan. She is a daughter of Rev. Thomas G. Brown, of the New England Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church.  Her early life was passed in the way common to the children of itinerant ministers.  Hard work, earnest study and self-reliance developed her character on rugged and noble lines. She had a thirst for learning that caused her to improve in study all the time that the only daughter of an itinerant minister could find for books. Arrived at womanhood, she became the wife of Frederick W. H. Buell, a noble and patriotic young Connecticut man, who had enlisted in the Union army at the beginning of the Civil War. During the war her father, husband and three brothers served the Union, three in the army and two brothers in the navy. Her father was the chaplain of her husband's regiment, and in war he earned the name of "The Fighting Chaplain." During those dreary years Mrs. Buell worked, watched and waited, and 'in the last year of the conflict her husband died, leaving her alone with her only son. She soon became identified with the temperance reform and in 1875 was chosen corresponding secretary of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Connecticut, which had been partially organized the previous winter. She entered heartily into the work, and her sound judgment, her powers of discrimination, her energy, her acquaintance with facts and persons, and her facile pen made her at once a power in the association. She came into office when much was new and experimental, and she gave positive direction to the work and originated many plans of procedure. She was the originator of the plan of quarterly returns in Connecticut, a system that has been quite generally adopted in other States. In 1880, in the Boston convention, Mrs. Buell was chosen corresponding secretary of the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and in that exalted and responsible position she has done good and effective work with pen, hand and tongue for the association. She has been re-elected to that office regularly for twelve years. She is a dignified presiding officer and an accomplished parliamentarian, and in State conventions she has often filled the chair in emergencies. The war record of her family makes her a favorite with the veterans of the Civil War, and she has, on many occasions, addressed conventions of the G. A. R. Of singularly gentle nature and quiet manners, they are combined with exceptional force of character. (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol 1 Publ. 1897 Transcribed by Marla Snow) CARTER, Mrs. Hannah Johnson, art educator, born in Portland, Maine. She is the only child of Jonathan True and Hannah True, his wife. Mrs. Carter’s father was a wealthy importer and commission merchant. Her mother died young, leaving her infant daughter to the care of a devoted father who, early recognizing the artistic tastes of his child, gave her considerable training in that direction. In 1868 Miss True became the wife of Henry Theophilus Carter, a mechanical engineer and manufacturer. The marriage was happy and congenial, and with wealth and high social standing life seemed to hold out to the young couple only sunshine, but soon the shadows began to fall. Financial losses, the failing health of her husband, the death of a loved child and the terrible loneliness of widowhood all came in quick succession. Though nearly crushed by the weight of woe so suddenly forced upon her, Mrs. Carter, with noble independence and courage, began to look about for ways and means to support herself and child. Her mind naturally turned to art, and with the life insurance left her by her husband she entered the Massachusetts Normal Art School and was graduated with high standing. After a year's further study with private teachers in first-class studios, she went to Kingston, Canada, to direct an art school, which, if successful, would receive a government grant. Although laboring under great disadvantages, she succeeded in establishing the school on a permanent basis. At the close of the first year she was obliged to return to Boston, as the climate of Canada was too severe for her health. For two years she was associated with the Prang Educational Company, of that city, doing various work pertaining to its educational department, such as illustrating drawing-books and often acting as drawing supervisor where the Prang system of drawing was in use. In the fall of 1887 she was called to New York City to take the chair of professor of form and drawing in the College for the Training of Teachers, and in 1890 she was elected president of the art department of the National Educational Association. In 1891 she was made director of the art department in the Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry, in Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. Carter has been appointed on many industrial, educational and art committees. She does not confine her energies to local work, but has an interest in general art education, believing enthusiastically in the necessity of educating and elevating public taste by beginning early with the training of children for a love of the aesthetic, through habits of close observation of the beautiful. Mrs. Carter stands among the leading educators, and is an ardent worker for art education. (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol. 1, by Frances Elizabeth Willard & Mary Ashton Rice Livermore, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow) CHASE, Mrs. Louise L., born in Warren, Mass., 2nd September, 1840. She is a daughter of Samuel and Mary Bond. Soon after her birth her parents moved to Brimfield, Mass., where she received her education, entering the Hitchcock free high school at the age of thirteen. Her attendance in that school was interrupted by a temporary residence in Columbia, Conn., where she attended a private school. She returned to Brimfield and finished her course at the age of sixteen. In 1857 she took up her residence in Lebanon, Conn., and there became the wife, in 1861, of Alfred W. Chase, a native of Bristol, R. I. Mr. and Mrs. Chase soon removed to Brooklyn, Conn., and in 1887 to Middletown, R. I., the home of Mr. Chase's family, where they still reside. In 1885 she was elected president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Middletown, and in that way became prominent in the work. She was elected State vice-president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and at about the same time State superintendent of the department of Sabbath observance. In 1886 she represented the State in the National Convention in Minneapolis, Minn. She was elected in 1891 State superintendent of scientific temperance instruction in schools. (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol. 1, by Frances Elizabeth Willard & Mary Ashton Rice Livermore, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow) CHENEY, Mrs. Edna Dow, author, born in Boston, Mass., 27th June. 1824. There in 1853 she became the wife of Seth W. Cheney, an artist of local prominence, who died in 1856, leaving her with one daughter. The daughter died in 1882. Miss Cheney studied in the Institute of Technology, of which General Francis J. Walker is president, and her memory is preserved by the “Margaret Cheney Reading Room," devoted to the convenience of the women students. Mrs. Cheney's life has been devoted to philosophic and literary research and work. Her early womanhood was passed under the most stimulating influences. She was a member of one of those famous conversation classes which Margaret Fuller instituted in the decade of 1830-40. Emerson, Mr. and Mrs. Alcott, James Freeman Clarke and Theodore Parker were among those who strongly influenced her thought. Her parents, Sargent Smith Littlehale and Edna Parker Littlehale, gave her every educational advantage. In 1851 she aided in forming the School of Design for Women, in Boston, and served as secretary. In 1859 she aided in establishing a hospital in connection with the Woman's Medical School. She took part in a woman's rights convention in 1860. In 1862 she was secretary of the New England Hospital. In 1868 she helped to found the New England Woman's Club and served as vice-president. In 1863 she was secretary of the teachers' committee of the Freedman's Aid Society and secretary of the committee to aid colored regiments. In 1865 she went to Readville and taught soldiers, and attended the convention of Freedmen's societies in New York City, and in the following year the one held in Baltimore, and for several years visited colored schools in various Southern States. In 1869 she assisted in founding a horticultural school for women. She lectured on horticulture for women before the Massachusetts State Agricultural Society in 1871. In 1879 she delivered a course of ten lectures on the history of art before the Concord School of Philosophy, and the same year was elected vice-president of the Massachusetts School. Suffrage Association, of which she is now president. In 1887 she was elected president of the hospital she had helped to found. She was a delegate to the Woman's Council in Washington, D. C in 1888. In 1890 she attended the Lake Mohawk Negro Conference. She has lectured and preached in many cities and has spoken at funerals occasionally. She is vice-president of the Free Religious Association. She has visited Europe three times and has traveled extensively in this country. Her works, all published in Boston, include: "Hand-Book for American Citizens" "Patience" (1870), "Social Games" (1871), "Faithful to the Light" (1872). "Child of the Tide" (1874), "Life of Susan Dimoch" (1875), " Memoir of S. W. Cheney" (1881), "Gleanings in Fields of Art" (1881), "Selected Poems of Michael Angelo" (1885), "Children's Friend," a sketch of Louisa M. Alcott (1888), " Biography of L. M. Alcott" (1889), " Memoir of John Cheney, Engraver" (1888), "Memoir of Margaret S. Cheney " (1888), "Nora's Return" (1890), "Stories of Olden Time " (1890), and a number of articles in books. She has contributed to the " North American Review," the "Christian Examiner," the "Radical," "Index," the "Woman's Journal" and other periodicals. She edited the poems of David A. Wasson (Boston, 1887), and of Harriet Winslow Sewall (Boston, 1889). Much of her work is devoted to religious and artistic subjects. Mrs. Cheney is now living in Jamaica Plain, Mass. (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol. 1, by Frances Elizabeth Willard & Mary Ashton Rice Livermore, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow) CHILD, Mrs. Lydia Maria, author, born in Medford, Mass., 11th February, 1802. Her father was David Francis. Lydia was assisted in her early studies by her brother, Convers Francis, who was afterwards professor of theology in Harvard College. Her first village teacher was an odd old woman, nicknamed "Marm Betty." She studied in the public schools and one year in a seminary. In 1814 she went to Norridgewock, Maine, to live with her married sister. She remained there several years and then returned to Watertown, Mass., to live with her brother. He encouraged her literary aspirations, and in his study she wrote her first story, "Hobomok," which was published in 1823. It proved successful, and she next published "Rebels," which ran quickly through several editions. She then brought out in rapid succession "The Mother's Book," which ran through eight American, twelve English and one German editions, "The Girl's Book," the "History of Women," and the "Frugal Housewife," which passed through thirty-five editions. In 1826 she commenced to publish her "Juvenile Miscellany." In 1828 she became the wife of David Lee Child, a lawyer, and they settled in Boston, Mass. In 1831 they became interested in the anti-slavery movement, and both took an active part in the agitation that followed. Mr. Child was one of the leaders of the anti-slavery party. In 1833 Mrs. Child published her “Appeal in Behalf of that Class of Americans Called Africans." Its appearance served to cut her off from the friends and admirers of her youth. Social and literary circles shut their doors to her. The sales of her books and subscriptions to her magazine fell off, and her life became one of battle. Through it all she bore herself with patience and courage, and she threw herself into the movement with all her powers. While engaged in that memorable battle, she found time to produce her lives of Madame Roland and Baroness de Stael; and her Greek romance, "Philothea" She, with her husband, supervised editorially the "Anti-Slavery Standard," in which she published her admirable "Letters from New York." During those troubled times she prepared her three-volume work on "The Progress of Religious Ideas." She lived in New York City with her husband from 1840 to 1844, when she removed to Wayland, Mass., where she died 20th October, 1880. Her anti-slavery writings aided powerfully in bringing about the overthrow of slavery, and she lived to see a reversal of the hostile opinions that greeted her first plea for the negroes. Her books are numerous. Besides those already mentioned the most important are "Flowers for Children" (3 volumes, 1844-46); "Fact and Fiction" (1846); "The Power of Kindness" (1851); "Isaac T. Hopper, a True Life" (1853); "Autumnal Leaves" (1856); "Looking Towards Sunset" (1864); "The Freedman's Book" (1865); "Miria" (1867), and "Aspirations of the World" (1878). Her reply to Governor Wise, of Virginia, and to the wife of Senator Mason, the author of the fugitive slave law, who wrote to her, threatening her with future damnation, was published with their letters in pamphlet form, and 300,000 copies were issued. A volume of her letters, with an introduction by John Greenleaf Whittier and an appendix by Wendell Phillips, was published in Boston, in 1882. (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol. 1, by Frances Elizabeth Willard & Mary Ashton Rice Livermore, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow) CHURCHILL, Miss Lide A., born in Harrison, Maine, 9th April, 1859. She is the youngest child of Josiah and Catherine Churchill. From her father she inherited her literary tastes and refined nature, from her mother her strong will and decided traits of character. Three years after her birth Mr. Churchill removed to New Gloucester, Maine, where he resided with his family until his death. When quite young, Miss Churchill decided to learn telegraphy, and went to Saundersville, Mass., where she partially mastered the art. She took charge of a small office in Northbridge, Mass., and without assistance perfected herself in the science. From that office she was promoted to larger and larger ones, until she had charge of the most important station belonging to the road that employed her. She next mastered stenography without a teacher and practiced it for a time. In 1889 Rev. Charles A. Dickinson, who is at the head of Berkeley Temple, Boston, desired a private secretary for stenographic and literary work, and offered the position to Miss Churchill, who accepted it. Its duties demand knowledge, skill, tact and literary ability. Miss Churchill has written and published continuously during all the years she has been engaged as telegrapher and literary secretary. Her first book, "My Girls" (Boston, 1882) has passed through several editions. She has also written "Interweaving" and "Raid on New England." She has done much good magazine work. (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol. 1, by Frances Elizabeth Willard & Mary Ashton Rice Livermore, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow) CLAFLIN, Mrs. Adelaide Avery, woman suffragist, born in Boston, Mass., 28th July, 1846. She is a daughter of Alden Avery and Lucinda Miller Brown, both natives of Maine, and both of English extraction, although there is a little Scotch-Irish blood on the Miller side. Narcissa Adelaide was the second of four children. Her father, although an active business man, had much poetical and religious feeling. He is a prominent member of the Methodist Church, and, on account of his eloquence, was often in earlier life advised to become a minister. Her mother, of a practical, common-sense temperament, had much appreciation of nature and of scientific fact, and a gift for witty and concise expression of thought. So from both parents Mrs. Claflin has derived the ability to speak with clearness and epigrammatic force. Adelaide was sixteen when she was graduated from the Boston girls' high school, and a year or two later she became a teacher in the Winthrop school. Although in childhood attending the Methodist Church with their parents, both her sister and herself early adopted the so-called liberal faith, and joined the church of Rev. James Freeman Clarke. She became the wife of Frederic A. Claflin, of Boston, in 1870, a man of keen and thoughtful mind and generous and kindly spirit. They have for many years resided in Quincy, Mass., and have a son and three daughters. In 1883 Mrs. Claflin began to speak in public as an advocate of woman suffrage. In 1884 she was elected a member of the Quincy school committee, and served three years in that position, being the only woman who ever held office in that conservative town. Although too much occupied with family cares to take a very active part in public life, her pen is busied in writing for the Boston papers, and she finds opportunity to give lectures, and has occasionally been on short lecturing tours outside of the limits of New England. Best known as a woman suffragist, she writes and speaks on various other topics, and her wide range of reading and thinking makes it probable that her future career as a lecturer will not be limited chiefly to the woman suffrage field. (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol. 1, by Frances Elizabeth Willard & Mary Ashton Rice Livermore, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow) CLARK, Mrs. Helen Taggart, journalist, born in Northumberland, Pa., 24th April, 1849. She is the oldest of three children of the late Col. David Taggart and Annie Pleasants Taggart. She was educated in the Friends' central high school, in Philadelphia, Pa. In October, 1869, she made a six months' stay in Charleston, S. C., whither she went to make a visit to her father, then stationed in that city as paymaster in the United States army. Miss Taggart became the wife in 1870 of Rev. David H. Clark, a Unitarian minister settled over the church in Northumberland. Four years later they removed to New Milford, Pa., to take charge of a Free Religious Society there. In 1875 Mr. Clark was called to the Free Congregational Society in Florence, Mass. Attention was first drawn to "H. T. C ," by which some of her earlier work was signed, in 1880, by her occasional poems in the Boston “Index,” of which her husband was for a time assistant editor, and in the Springfield “Republican.” Her life, as she puts it, has been one of intellectual aspirations and clamorous dish-washing and bread-winning. Mrs. Clark left Florence in 1884, returning to her father's house in Northumberland with her youngest child, an only daughter, her two older children being boys. There for two years she was a teacher in the high school, varying her duties by teaching music and German outside of school hours, story and verse writing and leading a Shakespeare class. In August, 1887, she accepted a position in the "Good Cheer" office, Greenfield, Mass., whence she was recalled to Northumberland the following February by the illness of her father. His illness terminated fatally a little later, since which time Mrs. Clark has made her home in her native town. Mrs. Clark has a large circle of friends, and her social duties take up much of her time, but she contrives to furnish a weekly column for the Sunbury "News," to perform the duties pertaining to her office as secretary of the Woman's Relief Corps in her town, to lead a young people's literary society, and to contribute stories and poems to Frank Leslie's papers, the "Christian Union," the "Woman's Journal" and the Springfield "Republican." (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol. 1, by Frances Elizabeth Willard & Mary Ashton Rice Livermore, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow) CLARKE, Mrs. Mary H. Gray, correspondent, born in Bristol, R. I, 28th March, 1835. She is the daughter of the late Gideon Gray and Hannah Orne Metcalf Gray. Her father was of the sixth generation from Edward Gray, who came from Westminster, London, England, and settled in Plymouth, Mass., prior to 1643. Edward Gray was married to Dorothy Lettice and was known as the richest merchant of Plymouth. The oldest stone in the Plymouth burial ground is that of Edward Gray. Mrs. Clarke's great-grandfather, Thomas Gray, of the fourth generation, was during the war of the Revolution commissioned as colonel. Mrs. Clarke spent her early years on her father's homestead, a portion of the Mount Hope lands obtained from King Philip, the Indian chief. A farm on those famous lands is still in her possession. She attended the schools of her native town and later studied in the academy in East Greenwich. In 1861 she became the wife of Dr. Augustus P. Clarke, a graduate of Brown University, in the arts, and of Harvard, in medicine. During her husband's four years of service as surgeon and surgeon-in-chief of brigade and of division of cavalry in the war of the Rebellion, she took an active interest in work for the success of the Union cause. In the fall of 1865 her husband, continuing in the practice of his profession, removed to Cambridge, Mass., where they have since resided. They have two daughters Mrs. Clarke has written quite extensively for magazines and for the press, principally stories for the young, poems and essays. In 1890, on the occasion of the meeting of the Tenth International Medical Congress in Berlin, Germany, she accompanied her husband and daughters to that place. She has traveled extensively through the British Isles and Europe. In the midst of her duties and responsibilities she has found time to paint many pictures, some in water-colors and some in oils. Much of the writing of Mrs. Clarke has been under the pen-names "Nina Gray" and "Nina Gray Clarke." (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol. 1, by Frances Elizabeth Willard & Mary Ashton Rice Livermore, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow) COLLINS, Mrs. Miriam O'Leary, actor, born in Boston, Mass., in 1864. Her father, William Curran O'Leary, of London, Eng., was an artist and designer by profession. Her mother's maiden name was Miriam Keating, and at the time of her marriage she was on a visit to Boston from Halifax, N. S., her native place. Their daughter Miriam was their first child. She received her education in the public schools of Boston, and attended the Franklin grammar school and the girls' high school, and was graduated from both with honors. Her aim throughout her years of preparation was to fit herself as a teacher. After her father's death, encouraged by her cousin, Joseph Haworth, and by other friends, she chose the stage as her profession and began at once her efforts in that direction. Her first success was as Rosalie in "Rosedale" during the engagement of Lester Wallack in the Boston Museum. She spent one season in the company of Edwin Booth and Lawrence Barrett, after which she returned to the Boston Museum, and is now (1892) a member of the stock company of that theater. She has appeared in many widely different roles, ranging from Smike in “Nicholas Nickleby,” Topsy in “Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” and Sophia in “The Road to Ruin,” to Jess in “Lady Jess.” On 25th January, 1892, she became the wife of David A. Collins, a prominent physician of Boston. (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol. 1, by Frances Elizabeth Willard & Mary Ashton Rice Livermore, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow) COLMAN, Mrs. Lucy Newhall, anti-slavery agitator and woman suffragist, born in Sturbridge, Worcester county. Mass., 26th July, 1817. Her maiden name was Danforth. Her mother was a Newhall and a direct descendant of John Alden and Priscilla. She was early a student of the puzzling problem of slavery in a land of freedom. In 1824 and up to 1830 a revival of religion swept over New England, and Lucy was again puzzled to understand the benefit of such a revival if human beings were elected to be saved from the beginning. She turned to the Bible and read, but her confusion became deeper. The result was that she became a Liberal in religion, a free thinker and a free speaker. She joined the Universalist Church while young, but afterwards became a Spiritualist. At the age of eighteen years she was married and went to Boston, Mass. Her husband died of consumption in 1841. In 1843 she was married a second time. In 1846 she began to agitate for equal rights for woman and for the emancipation of the slaves. In 1852 her husband, who was an engineer on the Central Railroad, was killed in a railroad accident, leaving her alone with a seven year old daughter. Mrs. Colman, left with a child and no resources, asked the railroad company for work, but they refused the favor. She applied for the position of clerk at the ladies' window in a post-office, for work in a printing office, and for other positions, but was in each case rejected because she was a woman. She then began to teach in Rochester, N. Y., doing for $350 a year the work that a man received $800 for doing. The "colored school" in Rochester was offered to her, and she took it, resolving that it should die. She advised the colored people to send their children to the schools in their own districts, until the school was dead. This was done in one year. Mrs. Colman was invited by Miss Susan B. Anthony to prepare a paper to read at a Suite convention of teachers. The paper caused a sensation. Mrs. Colman urged the abolition of corporal punishment in the schools of Rochester. Wearying of school work, she decided to begin her labor as an abolitionist. She delivered her first lecture in a Presbyterian church near Rochester, which had been secured by her friend, Mrs. Amy Post. She attented the annual convention of the Western Anti-Slavery Society in Michigan, and that meeting was turned into a spiritualistic gathering. She lectured in various towns in Michigan, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. Her meetings were disturbed, and she and her co-workers were subjected to all kinds of annoyances and to malicious misrepresentation in the press on many occasions. She attempted some work in Iowa and Wisconsin, but the reformers were few in those sparsely settled States. In Pennsylvania and New York she did much in arousing public sentiment on slavery and woman's rights. In 1862 her daughter, Gertrude, entered the New England Woman's Medical College, and died within two weeks. The funeral was conducted by Frederick Douglass. Then Mrs. Colman went to Washington to serve as matron in the National Colored Orphan Asylum. She afterwards was appointed teacher of a colored school in Georgetown, D. C. She has held many other positions of the philanthropic kind. In late years she has been conspicuous among the Freethinkers. Her home is now in Syracuse, N. Y. (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol. 1, by Frances Elizabeth Willard & Mary Ashton Rice Livermore, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow) COOLIDGE, Mrs. Harriet Abbot Lincoln, philanthropist, author and reformer, born in Boston, Mass. Her great-grandfather, Amos Lincoln, was a captain of artillery and one of the intrepid band who, in 1773, consigned the tea to the water in Boston harbor. He was in the battle of Bunker Hill, attached to Stark's brigade, in action at Bennington, Brandywine and Monmouth, and aided in the suppression of Shays's Rebellion, and was also one of Governor Hancock's aids. On 14th June, 1781, he was married to Deborah, a daughter of Paul Revere of revolutionary fame, which makes Mrs. Coolidge a great-great-granddaughter of that famous rider. Amos Lincoln's first ancestor in this country was Samuel Lincoln, of Hingham, Mass., one of whose sons was Mordecai, the ancestor of President Lincoln. The father of Mrs. Coolidge, Frederic W. Lincoln, was called the War Mayor of Boston, as he held that office all through the Civil War and was reelected and served seven years. Mrs. Coolidge was delicate in childhood, and her philanthropic spirit was early shown in flower-mission and hospital work in Boston. For several years she was instructed at home, and she was sent to the private boarding-school of Dr. Dio Lewis, of Lexington, Mass. In November, 1872, Harriet Abbott Lincoln became the wife of George A. Coolidge, a publishing agent of Boston. With maternal duties came the untiring devotion of conscientious motherhood. Mrs. Coolidge gave her children her best thoughts and studied closely the best methods of infant hygiene. She soon began a series of illustrated articles for the instruction of mothers in a New York magazine, and while residing in that city studied for three years and visited the hospitals for children. Ill health obliged her to return to Washington, D. C., where, before going to New York, she was interested in charities and hospitals for children. Meeting the mothers of both the rich and the poor, and seeing the great need of intelligent care in bringing up little children, she soon found a large correspondence on her hands. Her devotion to the waifs of the Foundling Hospital in Washington, and the great hygienic reformation she brought about, gave that institution a record of no deaths among its inmates during the six months she acted as a member of its executive board of officers. Frequent inquiries from mothers desiring information on hygienic subjects relating to children suggested the idea of a series of nursery talks to mothers and the fitting up of a model nursery in her residence, where every accessory of babyhood could be practically presented. "Nursery Talks " were inaugurated by a "Nursery Tea," and five-hundred women from official and leading circles were present. Classes were formed, and a paid course and a free one made those lectures available for all desiring information. Even into midsummer, at the urgent request of mothers, Mrs. Coolidge continued to give her mornings to answering questions. She remained in Washington during the summer, guiding those who did not know how to feed their infants proper food, and, as a consequence, her health was impaired, and she was obliged to give up her nursery lectures until her health was restored. She then commenced a scientific course of hygienic study, and was made president of the Woman's Clinic, where women and children are treated by women physicians, free of charge or for a mere trifle. Mrs. Coolidge is always busy. She is an active member of four of the leading charity organizations in Washington, a valued member of the Woman's National Press Association and devoted to every movement in which women's higher education is considered. (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol. 1, by Frances Elizabeth Willard & Mary Ashton Rice Livermore, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow) CORNELL, Mrs. Ellen Frances, born in Middleboro. Mass., 20th July. 1835. She is the daughter of George and Marcia Thompson Atwood, and the youngest of a family of nine children. She is a descendant in the seventh generation from John Atwood, Gentleman, of London, Eng., who came to Plymouth soon after the landing of the Pilgrims. The first mention of him in the old Colonial Records is made in 1633. Her maternal ancestor, John Thompson, from the north of England, came to Plymouth in May, 1622, in the third embarkation from England. In the troubles with the Indians, the people in the vicinity of his home chose him as their commander, and the Governor and Council of Plymouth gave him a general commission as lieutenant-commandant of the field and garrison and all posts of danger. Ellen attended the district school near her home and public and private schools in New Bedford, and later the academy in Middleboro. She became a teacher, and to that work she gave six years of her life. She became the wife, in February, 1859, of Mark Hollingsworth Cornell, of Bridgewater, Mass. Since then they have resided in their pleasant home on the bank of the Taunton river, in one of the most beautiful spots in that region. For many years Mrs. Cornell was an invalid, confined to her home, and for seven years of that time unable to leave her bed. Her interest in the world about her, from which she was isolated, never wearied. The influence of her patient life was felt far beyond the confines of her own room. Her poems have been printed in various papers and magazines. Mrs. Cornell is a member of the New Church. Her summers are now passed in Edgartown, Martha's Vineyard, where she employs many hours of her time in adding to her already large collection of marine shells, which she has carefully classified. (American Women Fifteen Hundred Biographies Vol. 1, by Frances Elizabeth Willard & Mary Ashton Rice Livermore, Publ. 1897. Transcribed by Marla Snow) COLONEL ELMER E. ELLSWORTH was born in Massachusetts . At an early a ge, he was cast on his own resources, and exposed to toil and privation. He removed to Chicago in 1852, with but poor prospects, except those which hope presents to the youthful mind. His pursuits were varied, and at one period he began the study of law under Abraham Lincoln. He ever cherished a predilection for a military life, and having studied the principles and peculiarities of the zouave drill and discipline, raised a company among his friends. The Chicago zouaves emulated those of Algiers , and Ellsworth, proud of his men, challenged all the military corps of the United States to a trial of skill. He made a military tour through the principal cities and towns with his comrades, over whom he had gained a great ascendancy. Ellsworth was also distinguished as an orator, and made speeches in favor of Lincoln for the Presidency. When the war broke out, he tendered his services to the country, selected from the firemen of New York material for a zouave regiment, removed to Fort Hamilton to drill them, and then proceeded with them to Washington . At Alexandria , May 23d, 1861, the zouaves began to destroy the railroad to Richmond , their design being to obtain possession of the telegraph office. Ellsworth, at their head, led them at a double-quick, and his rapid glance saw a rebel flag waving from the Marshall House. "That flag must come down," he exclaimed, and with a few soldiers, he went up on the roof, cut it down quickly, and was beginning the descent, when Jackson, the proprietor of the house, fired at him with a double barreled gun, killing him almost instantaneously. The assassin was immediately shot down by private Brownell. The remains of the gallant Ellsworth were finally conveyed to Washington , and embalmed. Thus fell this heroic young officer, a public loss, and generally lamented by his acquaintances. He was the first volunteer officer lost in the war. (Source: A Complete History of the Great Rebellion of the Civil War in the U.S. 1861-1865 with Biographical sketches of the Principal actors in the Great Drama. By Dr. James Moore, Published 1875) Contributed by Linda R. PIERCE, Chas. H., was born in Boston, Mass., Dec. 17, 1826, and came to Oregon in the fall of 1871. He arrived in Curry Co., in May, 1875, and lived at Cape Blanco until 1884, when he moved to the Sixes river. His wife's maiden name was Sarah A. Lowe, born in N.Y. City Nov. 20, 1829, and their children's names and dates of birth are as follows: Charles H., Sept. 11, 1851; Frank, Oct. 5, 1853; Storie, Jan. 2, 1856; Gertrude, March 6, 1858; Harriett, Oct. 1, 1860; Storer P., Dec. 21, 1866; Eugene G., April 9, 1868; Sarah B., Dec. 3, 1869; Kate O., March 25, 1872. [ Source #1 ] Source #1: "Pioneer History of Coos and Curry Counties, Or.: Heroic Deeds and Thrilling Adventures of the Early Settlers Published under the Auspices of the Pioneer and Historical Association of Coos Co. Orvil Dodge, Historian. Salem Oregon, Capitol Printing Co.1898" transcribed for Genealogy Trails by Robyn Greenlund PILLANS, HARRY, lawyer, member constitutional convention 1901, mayor of Mobile, was born June 27, 1847, at Bonham, Tex.; son of J. Palmer and Laura (Roberts) Pillans (q. v.). He was educated in the public schools of Mobile, and was prepared under P. A. Towne to enter the junior class at college, when he enlisted in the C. S. Army in 1864. He served as a private during the last year of the war; studied law in the office of Peter Hamilton in 1866; was assistant city engineer and official of the city map and ward books of realty, 1867; read law in the office of Smith & Henderson, 1868-1870; and was admitted to the bar at Mobile, February, 1870. He practiced actively in the courts of Mobile, of Alabama, in the Mississippi supreme court, in the coast court, and from time to time in the Federal supreme court and the court of appeals of the fifth circuit . He was first associated in the practice with Hurieosco Austill (q. v.), later with George N. Steward, the early Alabama reporter and jurist, then with the firm of Rillans, Torry & Hanaw, and finally in partnership with Henry Hanaw and Palmer Pillans, his eldest son. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1901; a member of the Mobile River Commission for six years; and commissioner of the city of Mobile, for some time. During the reconstruction period, he served on the old Democratic central council; and while in the constitutional convention, was influential in amending and rendering more fiexible the judiciary clause, and suggested and procured the adoption of a pardon board. He is a member of the board of trustees of the Medical college of Alabama; is a Democrat; and a member of the order of Moose. Married: April 28, 1875, at Claiborne, to Elizabeth Henshaw Torrey, daughter of Judge Rufus C. and Elizabeth (Henshaw) Torrey, who lived at that place, the former a native of Massachusetts, a graduate of Harvard University, who moved to Alabama in his youth, and lived there for the remainder of his life. Mrs. Pillans is a descendant of the Henshaws of Massachusetts and of the Isbells of Virginia, her New England ancestry running back to John Alden and his wife Priscilla. Ruth Alden, the daughter of John and Priscilla (Mullins) Alden, from whom John and John Quincy Adams were descended, married John Bass; Joseph Bass, son of the latter, married Mary Belcher; Elizabeth Bass, the latter's daughter, married Daniel Henshaw; their son, David Henshaw, married Mary Sargent; their son, Andrew, married Elizabeth Isbell; their daughter, Elizabeth Sargent Henshaw married Rufus C. Torrey. Mrs. Pillans' great-uncle, David Henshaw, was secretary of the navy, and her grandfather, Andrew Henshaw, was U. S. deputy surveyor. Children: 1. Palmer, was graduated from the University of Alabama, 1897, lawyer at Mobile, m. Emma D. Price; 2. Mary Isbell, m. George S. Gaines, Mobile; 3. Laura, Mobile; 4. Harry T., officer in the U. S. Army. Residence: Mobile. [History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume 4 By Thomas McAdory Owen, Marie Bankhead Owen, 1921 - Transcribed by AFOFG]