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Pawnee County, Oklahoma Biographies



Major Kenneth D. Bailey
, commander of Company C, 1st Raider Battalion, was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously for heroic and inspiring leadership during the Battle of Edson's' Ridge.

Here is the text of the Medal of Honor citation for Kenneth Bailey

Rank and organization: Major, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: 21 October 1910, Pawnee, Okla. Appointed from: Illinois. Other Navy awards: Silver Star Medal. Citation: For extraordinary courage and heroic conduct above and beyond the call of duty as Commanding Officer of Company C, 1st Marine Raider Battalion, during the enemy Japanese attack on Henderson Field, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, on 12-13 September 1942. Completely reorganized following the severe engagement of the night before, Maj. Bailey's company, within an hour after taking its assigned position as reserve battalion between the main line and the coveted airport, was threatened on the right flank by the penetration of the enemy into a gap in the main line. In addition to repulsing this threat, while steadily improving his own desperately held position, he used every weapon at his command to cover the forced withdrawal of the main line before a hammering assault by superior enemy forces. After rendering invaluable service to the battalion commander in stemming the retreat, reorganizing the troops and extending the reverse position to the left, Maj. Bailey, despite a severe head wound, repeatedly led his troops in fierce hand-to-hand combat for a period of 10 hours. His great personal valor while exposed to constant and merciless enemy fire, and his indomitable fighting spirit inspired his troops to heights of heroic endeavor which enabled them to repulse the enemy and hold Henderson Field. He gallantly gave his life in the service of his country.

/S/ FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT




Ernest Edwin Evans was born August 13, 1908 in Pawnee, Oklahoma, United States. He was 75% Cherokee in ethnicity. He originally dreamed to be a Marine officer, but he entered the Navy instead in May 1926 after performing well in the fleet competition. At the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, he was nicknamed "Chief" by his classmates, partially due to his heritage and partially due to his leadership capabilities. "Evans appreciated the hidden nature of things, the power of the unseen over the tangible", said author Jim Hornfischer. When WW2 began, he served aboard the destroyer Alden and participated in the Battle of the Java Sea in Feb 1942 Two weeks after the Java Sea battle, he assumed command of Alden. On 27 Oct 1943, he was given commission of the destroyer Johnston. "This is going to be a fighting ship", he said during the commissioning ceremony. "I intend to go in harm's way, and anyone who doesn't want to go along had better get off right now." He later added "[n]ow that I have a fighting ship, I will never retreat from an enemy force."  On 15 May 1944, under Evans' directions, Johnston sank the Japanese submarine I-176 by depth charges off Bougainville, Solomon Islands, and was later awarded a Bronze Star for the action. The successful hunt had a lot to do with his ability to trust his crew to get the job done. "He expected every man to do his job without any psychological ploys," recalled Lieutenant (jg) Ellsworth Welch, Evans' anti-submarine warfare officer aboard Johnston. "He had great faith in all of us", said Johnston's gunnery officer Lieutenant Robert C. Hagen, "I don't recall him saying a mean word to me the whole time.... The captain was a true, instinctive fighter.... We were on a high-class ship because the captain was high-class."  On 25 Oct 1944, during the Battle off Samar, Johnston was among the ships that laid smoke to protect the escort carriers caught in the open by heavier Japanese warships led by Vice Admiral Kurita. Not waiting for orders, Evans gave the order to go on the offensive. Johnston was lucky that the Japanese missed all attempts to hit her with gunfire, giving her an opportunity to return fire with 200 shells on cruiser Kumano with her small 5-inch guns. When she was closer, she fired 10 torpedoes, then immediately retreated from the engagement. At least one of the torpedoes hit Kumano, blowing off her bow. After receiving hits from Japanese warships, Evans was wounded by shrapnel, losing two fingers on his left hand. At 0750, orders came down for the destroyers to make a torpedo run. Although Johnston had already used all her torpedoes and one of the engines had been lost, Evans ordered her in anyway as a means to provide fire support and to draw fire from the ships that still had torpedoes. At 0820, Johnston came within 7,000 yards from a Japanese battleship, and the guns fired 30 rounds within a minute, hitting the Japanese battleship several times. Then, she headed toward a heavy cruiser that had been attacking the escort carrier Gambier Bay, attempting to draw fire to save the escort carrier. After exchanging fire with the heavy cruiser, she took on an entire Japanese destroyer squadron that was on a torpedo run; Johnston's persistent attack forced the squadron to fire their torpedoes early, which was a major reason why all these torpedoes went astray. However, this final attack run against an entire destroyer squadron was also Johnston's last. After a shot hit her number one boiler room, steam was cut to the lone remaining engine, leaving her dead in the water. At around 0940, Japanese ships poured shells into Johnston as they sailed in semi-circles around the ship. A hit knocked out the forward gun, and then another hit on the 40-mm ready ammunition locker left the already damaged bridge totally untenable. At 0945, Evans gave the order for the crew of Johnston to abandon ship. The destroyer was now a gruesome scene of death. Lieutenant Jesse Cochran, a survivor of Johnston, later recalled seeing "a pile of people - bodies - half alive, half dead" on the deck. At 1010, she rolled over and began to sink by the bow. Evans was last seen around this time, with Machinist's Mate Bob Sochor probably the last man to have done so. Having just re-gained consciousness after a shell blast, he ran for the fantail after realizing the abandon ship order had already been given. He ran across Evans en route, with neither one of them speaking a word in each other. "We passed by staring blankly at one another", recalled Sochor. It was not certain whether he was killed on the ship. Survivor Allen Johnson saw an officer dive into the water for a motor whaleboat, while others said they saw Evans climb into the whaleboat; however, none of them could make positive identification during the chaos. What was certain was that he was not among those rescued.  Evans was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for bravery during the Battle off Samar. The citation read:
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of the U.S.S. Johnston in action against major units of the enemy Japanese fleet during the battle off Samar on 25 October 1944. The first to lay a smokescreen and to open fire as an enemy task force, vastly superior in number, firepower and armor, rapidly approached. Comdr. Evans gallantly diverted the powerful blasts of hostile guns from the lightly armed and armored carriers under his protection, launching the first torpedo attack when the Johnston came under straddling Japanese shellfire. Undaunted by damage sustained under the terrific volume of fire, he unhesitatingly joined others of his group to provide fire support during subsequent torpedo attacks against the Japanese and, outshooting and outmaneuvering the enemy as he consistently interposed his vessel between the hostile fleet units and our carriers despite the crippling loss of engine power and communications with steering aft, shifted command to the fantail, shouted steering orders through an open hatch to men turning the rudder by hand and battled furiously until the Johnston, burning and shuddering from a mortal blow, lay dead in the water after 3 hours of fierce combat. Seriously wounded early in the engagement, Comdr. Evans, by his indomitable courage and brilliant professional skill, aided materially in turning back the enemy during a critical phase of the action. His valiant fighting spirit throughout this historic battle will venture as an inspiration to all who served with him.

In 1955, the destroyer escort Evans was named in his honor.  He died October 25, 1944.



Chester Gould was born and raised in Pawnee, Oklahoma on November 20, 1900. In 1919, his family moved to Stillwater, Oklahoma where he attended Oklahoma A & M (now Oklahoma State University) and was a member of the Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity, until 1921. That year, he moved to Chicago where he transferred to Northwestern University. He graduated from Northwestern in 1923. Fascinated by the comics since childhood, Gould quickly found work as a cartoonist and was hired by the William Randolph Hearst's Chicago Evening American newspaper for whom he produced his first comic strips "Fillum Fables" beginning in 1924 and "The Radio Catts". He also produced a topical strip about Chicago, "Why It's a Windy City." Gould married Edna Gauger in 1926 and their daughter, Jean, was born in 1927. 
In 1931, Gould was hired as a cartoonist with the Chicago Tribune and introduced the Dick Tracy cartoon. He drew the comic strip for the next 46 years from his home in Woodstock, Illinois. His work on the strip won him the Reuben Award for 1959 and 1977. He was also given a Special Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America in 1980.  Gould's stories were rarely extensively preplanned as he preferred to improvise his stories as he drew them. While fans praised this style as creating exciting stories, it sometimes created awkward plot developments that were difficult to resolve. A notorious case was when Gould had Tracy in an inescapable deathtrap in a caisson. Gould first depicted Tracy addressing Gould personally and having the cartoonist magically extract him. It was a move that his publisher, Joseph Patterson, personally vetoed and ordered a redraw of the sequence.  Gould visited the workshop of an engineer friend named Al Gross who invented the walkie-talkie, a portable two-way radio and the pager. Gross was working on a wrist-watch version of the two-way radio which he showed to Gould. Gould asked Al Gross if he could use this concept in his Dick Tracy comic strip. Gross said yes and in January 1946, Dick Tracy started wearing the wrist radio.[2] Gould created a cartoon character named Brilliant, an engineer who worked for a company run by cartoon character Diet Smith. Brilliant was modeled after Al Gross. Whenever Gould needed a futuristic invention that his cartoon characters could use, Al Gross would give him ideas such as the video security camera, handheld video camera, and wrist video camera.  Late in the period of Gould's control of it, the Tracy strip was widely criticized as too right-wing in character, and as excessively supportive of the police. This commentary argued that Gould was using the strip to push his own right-wing agenda such as attacking the rights of the accused at the expense of storytelling. Additionally, the late 1950s saw a changing newspaper readership that was perhaps less tolerant of Gould's grotesque style. Whereas in the 1940s when Gould introduced an odoriferous, chewing tobacco spitting character, B.O. Plenty, with little significant complaint from readers; the later introduction of the crooked lawyer named "Flyface" and his relatives, all of whom were surrounded by swarming flies at all times, created a negative reader reaction strong enough for papers to drop the strip in large numbers. There was then a dramatic change in the strip's paradigm to feature science fiction plot elements, with regular visits to the moon. This led to an increasingly fantastic procession of enemies and stories that largely abandoned the strip's format of urban crime drama. The Apollo 11 moon landing prompted Gould to abandon this phase. Finally, Dick Tracy was beset by the overall trend in newspaper comics away from strips with continuing story lines and toward those whose stories are largely resolved within one series of panels.  Gould, his characters and improbable plots were satirized in the Fearless Fosdick sequences (supposedly drawn by "Lester Gooch") appearing within Al Capp's comic strip Li'l Abner; a notable villain was Bomb Face, a gangster whose head was a bomb.  Gould retired December 25, 1977 and died May 11, 1985 of congestive heart failure. His life and creations are memorialized in the Chester Gould-Dick Tracy Museum in Woodstock, Illinois.



Moses J. "Chief" Yellow Horse
(also Yellowhorse) (January 28, 1898April 10, 1964), was an American baseball player who pitched for the Pittsburgh Pirates, from 1921 until 1922. A Native American from the Pawnee tribe, he is the first full-blooded American Indian to have played in the Major Leagues.  His first game was April 15, 1921 for the Pittsburgh Pirates  and his last game was October 1, 1922 for the Pittsburgh Pirates. 
Yellow Horse was born in Pawnee, Oklahoma, United States to Clara and Thomas Yellow Horse in the early part of 1898 (one source lists his given name as "Mose," though all other sources give it as "Moses"). Yellow Horse was a full-blooded Native American since his parents were Native Americans of unmixed ancestry Additionally, he was ordered to attend a traditional school by the Indian Agency. It was at the Chilocco Indian School that Yellow Horse started his baseball career. In 1917, he performed at a high level for the school, and compiled a win-loss record of 17-0.  After Yellow Horse left Chilocco, he went to pitch for the Arkansas Travelers of the minor league Southern Association. In 1920, under the tutelage of Kid Elberfeld, he helped the team to its first championship.  In 1921, Yellow Horse joined the Pittsburgh Pirates. His major league debut was on April 15 in relief of Earl Hamilton. The Pirates won the game 3-1 over Eppa Rixey and the Cincinnati Reds.  Later that year, he ruptured his arm and had to have surgery. His injury forced him to sit out two months. The next year, Yellow Horse injured his arm a second time. The injury was purportedly a result of a fall he took while drunk.  Over his two-year stay with the Pirates, Yellow Horse was used primarily as a reliever, and compiled a record of 8 wins and 4 losses.  While with the Pirates, Yellow Horse befriended Rabbit Maranville. The relationship had a profound impact on his life as Maranville introduced Yellow Horse to alcohol; he began to drink substantial amounts of liquor on a frequent basis. Later in life, Yellow Horse identified himself as an alcoholic.  Unable to pitch in the major leagues, either because of his behavior and/or his injuries,Yellow Horse went to play minor league baseball. In 1923, he was sent to play with the Sacramento Senators of the Pacific Coast League. The next year, he suffered another serious arm injury and Sacramento traded him to Fort Worth, Texas. Shortly thereafter, Fort Worth returned him to Sacramento. He spent two more years with Sacramento when, in January of 1926, Sacramento sold Moses to Omaha. He pitched the final game of his professional career on May 1, 1926While Yellow Horse is believed to be the first full-blooded Native American to play major league baseball, there had been previous major league baseball players of Native American ancestry. These included Louis Sockalexis (Cleveland Spiders 1897-1899), Charles Albert (Chief) Bender (primarily the Philadelphia Athletics, 1903-1917), and John (Chief) Meyers (primarily the New York Giants, 1909-1917).   By 1923, news of Yellow Horse's drinking problems reached the Pawnee tribal members in Oklahoma. In addition to the physical problems he had as a result of the drinking, this created tension between Yellow Horse and the tribe. After he retired from baseball, he spent the next 18 years working jobs that did not provide him with much disposable income. His continued drinking remained a divider between him and the tribe.  1945 was an important year for Yellow Horse. For unknown reasons, he stopped drinking cold turkey, and was able to find steady work. His first job was with the Ponca City McDonalds, and his second job was with the Oklahoma State Highway Department. Yellow Horse also served as groundskeeper for the Ponca City ballclub in 1947, and coached an all-Indian baseball team. Eventually, his relationship with the tribe improved and he became an honored member even naming a sports field after him in Pawnee, Oklahoma. He was also able to remain sober for the remainder of his life. Yellow Horse died on April 10, 1964 at the age of sixty-six in Oklahoma.



McGUIRE, Bird Segle, (cousin of William Neville), a Delegate and a Representative from Oklahoma; born in Belleville, St. Clair County, Ill., October 13, 1865; moved to Randolph County, Mo., in 1867 with his parents; attended the common schools; moved to Chautauqua County, Kans., in the spring of 1881, and then to Indian Territory; engaged in the cattle business; attended the State normal school at Emporia, Kans.; taught school several terms; later attended the law department of the University of Kansas at Lawrence; was admitted to the bar in 1889 and commenced practice in Chautauqua, Kans.; prosecuting attorney of Chautauqua County, Kans., 1890-1894; moved to Pawnee County, Okla., in 1894 and practiced law in Pawnee; appointed assistant United States attorney for Oklahoma Territory in 1897, in which capacity he served until after his nomination for Congress; elected as a Republican a Delegate to the Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1903, to March 3, 1907; elected as a Representative to the Sixtieth and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from November 16, 1907, when Oklahoma was admitted as a State into the Union, until March 3, 1915; chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Interior (Sixty-first Congress); was not a candidate for renomination in 1914 to the Sixty-fourth Congress; resumed the practice of his profession in Tulsa, Okla.; also owned and operated a large ranch near Bartlesville, Okla.; died in Tulsa, Okla., November 9, 1930; interment in Memorial Park Cemetery.







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