Washington DC - Genealogy Trails - Apprentice Indenture Documents

Washington District of Columbia

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Apprentice Indenture Documents
from the District of Columbia Archives

Furnished by : John Sharp ©

APPRENTICE INDENTURES

In the early United States the formal apprenticing of children was the method used for nearly two hundred years to train the young for useful occupations. The apprenticeship system of the District of Columbia, provided for formal indentures or contracts, in which young people were legally bound to labor for a set number of years in given trade or occupation, and in return for their service they would receive trade or occupation instruction and tutelage from their master. While most apprentices entered into their apprenticeship voluntarily with the consent of their parents some other young people (orphans and poor children) were placed unwillingly while other from dislike of their chosen trade or more often disagreements with their master ran away. For more on fugitive apprentices see Runaway Apprentices at this site
http://genealogytrails.com/washdc/wny_app_reward.html

Perhaps the most famous of these runaway was Benjamin Franklin who broke his indentures by running away from his brother James in 1723 for New York City. Since the apprenticeship was legal contract the law between the master and the apprentice the law gave the master the right to take action to recover errant apprentices and if necessary take the apprentice by force.

The Washington Navy Yard was for nearly two centuries the District of Columbia's largest employer and had has many as 50 apprentices working at the Navy Yard prior to 1814. Early naval regulations allowed Master Mechanics wide discretion as to the hiring and training of their apprentices. Naval regulations did specify the minimum age of apprentices, the specific number of apprentices each Master Mechanic might hire and the wage rates for apprentice labor. While indentured apprentices were paid by Department of the Navy they were in every sense the apprentice of a specific Master Mechanic. The District of Columbia like most major eastern cities required a signed indenture or contract specifying the duties and responsibilities of both parties in some detail. Originally both parties to such indentures received a signed copy of the document while another was made for the records of the District of Columbia. Today these apprentice indentures are part of the collection of the District of Columbia Archives. These indentures have great value to historians and genealogists since they also allow us to see reflected the social concerns of the era provisions made for schooling and admonitions against visiting playhouses and gambling.

These indentures are a fine picture in miniature of a world of trade and crafts which for the most part no longer exist. Maritime trades, like block maker, spar maker, ship caulker, sail maker and ship carpenter all of which prevailed in the early Washington Navy Yard, went into steep decline with the coming of steam propulsion. Two of the WNY Master Mechanics named in these indentures, John Davis of Abel and George McCauley are both listed on a WNY pay document dated May 1819 at
http://genealogytrails.com/washdc/wny1819.html

The rapid building of iron ships during the American Civil War mean that many of maritime trades of the older wooden navy would never recover. This change is most dramatically reflected after the 1880's when the Washington Navy Yard became exclusively a builder of naval ordinance and was renamed the Naval Gun Factory and the principal trade is machinist.

The following two letters from the Board of Navy Commissioners to Commanders of naval yards and stations are from the same era as the indentures and give some idea of how the Navy attempted to regulated apprentice labor and their wages.

APPRENTICE INDENTURES
In the early United States the formal apprenticing of children was the method used for nearly two hundred years to train the young for useful occupations. The apprenticeship system of the District of Columbia, provided for formal indentures or contracts, in which young people were legally bound to labor for a set number of years in given trade or occupation, and in return for their service they would receive trade or occupation instruction and tutelage from their master. While most apprentices entered into their apprenticeship voluntarily with the consent of their parents some other young people (orphans and poor children) were placed unwillingly while other from dislike of their chosen trade or more often disagreements with their master ran away. For more on fugitive apprentices see Runaway Apprentices at this site http://genealogytrails.com/washdc/wny_app_reward.html Perhaps the most famous of these runaway was Benjamin Franklin who broke his indentures by running away from his brother James in 1723 for New York City. Since the apprenticeship was legal contract the law between the master and the apprentice the law gave the master the right to take action to recover errant apprentices and if necessary take the apprentice by force. The Washington Navy Yard was for nearly two centuries the District of Columbia's largest employer and had has many as 50 apprentices working at the Navy Yard prior to 1814. Early naval regulations allowed Master Mechanics wide discretion as to the hiring and training of their apprentices. Naval regulations did specify the minimum age of apprentices, the specific number of apprentices each Master Mechanic might hire and the wage rates for apprentice labor. While indentured apprentices were paid by Department of the Navy they were in every sense the apprentice of a specific Master Mechanic. The District of Columbia like most major eastern cities required a signed indenture or contract specifying the duties and responsibilities of both parties in some detail. Originally both parties to such indentures received a signed copy of the document while another was made for the records of the District of Columbia. Today these apprentice indentures are part of the collection of the District of Columbia Archives. These indentures have great value to historians and genealogists since they also allow us to see reflected the social concerns of the era provisions made for schooling and admonitions against visiting playhouses and gambling. These indentures are a fine picture in miniature of a world of trade and crafts which for the most part no longer exist. Maritime trades, like block maker, spar maker, ship caulker, sail maker and ship carpenter all of which prevailed in the early Washington Navy Yard, went into steep decline with the coming of steam propulsion. Two of the WNY Master Mechanics named in these indentures, John Davis of Abel and George McCauley are both listed on a WNY pay document dated May 1819 at http://genealogytrails.com/washdc/wny1819.html The rapid building of iron ships during the American Civil War mean that many of maritime trades of the older wooden navy would never recover. This change is most dramatically reflected after the 1880's when the Washington Navy Yard became exclusively a builder of naval ordinance and was renamed the Naval Gun Factory and the principal trade is machinist. The following two letters from the Board of Navy Commissioners to Commanders of naval yards and stations are from the same era as the indentures and give some idea of how the Navy attempted to regulated apprentice labor and their wages.

Circular Nav. Comm: off: 1st May 1817 Sir, When Master Workmen shall be attached to the Navy Yard under your command, they are to be allowed under restrictions, the number of apprentices as follows.
Master Carpenter
Cooper
Mast Maker
Sail Maker
Boat Builder
Blockmaker ............
............
............
............
............
............ Three
Two
Two
Two
Two
Two
Apprentices are not allowed to be taken into the yard unless they shall, be bound for seven years, and shall have attained the age of fourteen - For the first two years of their apprenticeship, they shall be allowed one fourth the pay allowed to a mechanic of the trade at which they are serving , for the third & fourth years, one half , for the fifth & sixth two thirds, and for the Seventh three fourths the pay allowed to a mechanic of the trade at which they are serving. {Manuscript is heavily damaged for the following sentence]Their progress shall be allowed to the judgment of the master mechanic. The Number of apprentices are not allowed, unless the master workmen shall be permanently attached to the yard by the authority of the Department. Resp. Capt Macdonough } J. Rodgers Hull } Pres NBoard Evans } Comm Murray } Tingey }

Navy Comm: Off 2 July 1817 Sir, From the reports received by Several experienced respectable mechanics employed in some of our Navy Yard, the Commissioners of the Navy are moved to believe that rate of wages fixed on for compensation of apprentices, commencing on the 1st day of the previous month the following rates of pay, instead of those directed by your Circular of the 1st May last. For the first year of their apprenticeship, they shall be allowed, one third of the pay allowed to mechanics of the trade at which they may be serving: for the second at the third years, one half: for the fourth year two thirds; & for the fifth years three fourths. With respect to the ages and terms of Service of apprentices its understood that five years will be sufficient to make them workmen , provided they are intelligent and are 16 years of age at the time they are bound . No apprentices except of such character & age, as is before mentioned is here after to be received into the navy yard under your command. Those apprentices who are at present employed in the yard & bound under different Circumstances may receive the same rates of pay according to merit & terms of service, as they would be entitled to, if they would be entitled to, if they had been 16 years of age at the time of being bound. With respect to the number of apprentices allowed to respective head mechanics, you are to be governed by the Circular of the 1st May. Resp J. Rodgers - Pres Capt Tho Macdonough NY Portsmouth Isaac Hull .............N Yard Boston Saml Evans............do N. York CommdMurray- do Phil Tingey................... do Wash Capt John Cassin............do Norfolk

TRANSCRIPTION METHOD

In transcribing all passages from the these indentures I have striven to adhere as closely as possible to the original in spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and abbreviation, including the retention of dashes and underlining found in the original. Words and passages that were crossed out in the diary are transcribed either as overstrikes or in notes. When a spelling is so unusual as to be misleading or confusing, the correct spelling immediately follows the misspelled word in square brackets and italicized type or is discussed in a foot note. For the convenience of our Genealogy Trails.com readers the Apprenticeship Numbers in Brackets that follow are those assigned by Dorothy S. Provine in her extremely thorough and helpful District of Columbia Indentures of Apprenticeship 1801 -1893.

TRANSCRIPTION METHOD
In transcribing all passages from the these indentures I have striven to adhere as closely as possible to the original in spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and abbreviation, including the retention of dashes and underlining found in the original. Words and passages that were crossed out in the diary are transcribed either as overstrikes or in notes. When a spelling is so unusual as to be misleading or confusing, the correct spelling immediately follows the misspelled word in square brackets and italicized type or is discussed in a foot note. For the convenience of our Genealogy Trails.com readers the Apprenticeship Numbers in Brackets that follow are those assigned by Dorothy S. Provine in her extremely thorough and helpful District of Columbia Indentures of Apprenticeship 1801 -1893.

Apprentice indenture dated 1812
Samuel Thompson to George McCauley

[APPRENTICESHIP NO. 400 Vol. II, 4] 4 Samuel Thompson } This Indenture Witnesseth that Samuel Thompson aged fourteen } years on the 3rd Inst hath put himself and by these presents by & to } with the consent of his parents doth voluntarily and of his own free George McCauley } will and accord put himself apprentice to George McCauley, Boat - builder to learn his art, trade and mystery and after the manner of an apprentice to serve him the said George McCauley his heirs & assigns from the day of the date hereof for and during and to the full end and term of seven years next ensuing. During all which term the said apprentice his said master faithfully shall serve, his secrets keep his lawful commands and every where readily obey. He shall do no damage to his said master nor see it done by others without giving notice thereof to his said master, he shall not waste his said masters nor lend them unlawfully to any, he shall not commit fornication nor contract matrimony within the said term. He shall not play at cards, dice, or any others unlawful game whereby his said master may have damage. With his own goods nor the goods of others, without license from his said master service without his leave; nor haunt ale houses, taverns, or play - houses; but in all things behave himself as a faithful apprentice ought to do, during said term. And the said master shall use the utmost of his endeavors to teach or cause to be taught or instructed the said apprentice in the trade or mystery of Boat building in and procure and provide for him sufficient meat, drink, and working apparel, lodging and washing, fitting for an apprentice during the said term of seven years, to give said Saml Thompson three quarters night schooling And for the true performance of all and singular the covenants and agreements presents. In Witness thereof the said parties have interchangeably set their hands and seals hereunto. Dated the first day of January Anno Domini one Thousand eight hundred and twelve- Subscribed & acknowledge before the subscribed a Justice of} the peace for Washington County district of Columbia } Samuel Thompson 1st Jany 1812 Joseph Cassin } George McCauley Recorded the 11th of January 1812 }

Apprentice indenture dated 1812 Samuel Thompson to George McCauley
[APPRENTICESHIP NO. 400 Vol. II, 4] 4 Samuel Thompson } This Indenture Witnesseth that Samuel Thompson aged fourteen } years on the 3rd Inst hath put himself and by these presents by & to } with the consent of his parents doth voluntarily and of his own free George McCauley } will and accord put himself apprentice to George McCauley, Boat - builder to learn his art, trade and mystery and after the manner of an apprentice to serve him the said George McCauley his heirs & assigns from the day of the date hereof for and during and to the full end and term of seven years next ensuing. During all which term the said apprentice his said master faithfully shall serve, his secrets keep his lawful commands and every where readily obey. He shall do no damage to his said master nor see it done by others without giving notice thereof to his said master, he shall not waste his said masters nor lend them unlawfully to any, he shall not commit fornication nor contract matrimony within the said term. He shall not play at cards, dice, or any others unlawful game whereby his said master may have damage. With his own goods nor the goods of others, without license from his said master service without his leave; nor haunt ale houses, taverns, or play - houses; but in all things behave himself as a faithful apprentice ought to do, during said term. And the said master shall use the utmost of his endeavors to teach or cause to be taught or instructed the said apprentice in the trade or mystery of Boat building in and procure and provide for him sufficient meat, drink, and working apparel, lodging and washing, fitting for an apprentice during the said term of seven years, to give said Saml Thompson three quarters night schooling And for the true performance of all and singular the covenants and agreements presents. In Witness thereof the said parties have interchangeably set their hands and seals hereunto. Dated the first day of January Anno Domini one Thousand eight hundred and twelve- Subscribed & acknowledge before the subscribed a Justice of} the peace for Washington County district of Columbia } Samuel Thompson 1st Jany 1812 Joseph Cassin } George McCauley Recorded the 11th of January 1812 }

Note: Joseph Cassin Naval Officer at the Washington Navy Yard who served on the USS Constellation in the War of 1812
George McCauley Master Boat Builder worked at the Washington Navy yard for many years is name is mentioned on a WNY Pay document for May 1819 where is salary is $1000.00 per year He was alsogranted the right by the Board of Naval Commissioners (6 May 1817) to have two apprentices.


Note: Joseph Cassin Naval Officer at the Washington Navy Yard who served on the USS Constellation in the War of 1812 George McCauley Master Boat Builder worked at the Washington Navy yard for many years is name is mentioned on a WNY Pay document for May 1819 where is salary is $1000.00 per year He was alsogranted the right by the Board of Naval Commissioners (6 May 1817) to have two apprentices.

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Apprentice indenture dated 1826
John Holroyd to John Davis of Abel

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Apprentice indenture dated 1826
John Holroyd to John Davis of Abel

[APPRENTICESHIP NO. 1321 Vol. III 364-365] 364 John Holroyd This Indenture Witnesseth that John Holroyd Son of Joseph Holroyd of the City of Washington District to of Columbia, hath put himself and by these Presents John Davis of Abel, with the full consent of his Father Joseph Holroyd Doth voluntarily, and of his own free will and accord, put himself apprentice to John Davis of Abel, Plumber of the said City to learn his Art, Trade, and mystery, and after the manner of an apprentices to Serve six years two months & eight day from the day of the date hereof, for ( and during, and to the full end and term after of six years Two Month & eight next ensuing, during all which term the said apprentice his said Master faithfully shall Serve his Secrets keep, his faithful commands every where readily obey ; he shall do no damage to his said Master nor see it done by others without giving notice thereof to his said Master. He shall not waste his said Masters goods, no[r] lend to any. He shall not commit fornication nor contract Matrimony within the said term; He shall not play at cards, dice or any other unlawful game, whereby his said Master may have damage; with his own goods, nor the goods of others, without license from his said Master shall neither buy nor sell; He shall not absent himself day nor night from his Said Masters Service without his leave; nor haunt Ale houses, Taverns, or playhouses, but in all things behave himself as a faithful apprentice ought to do, during the said term. And the said Master shall use utmost of his endeavors to teach or cause to be taught or instructed, the Said Apprentice in the trade or mystery of a Plumber & Brass Founder and procure and provide for him sufficient meat, Drink, clothing, lodging, and washing, fitting for an apprentice during the said term, of six years two months & eight days He shall also send the said apprentice to school at least three months during winter in 365 the above term & the expiration of Said term shall furnish him with Two Suits of Clothing One of Which Shall be New - And for the True performance of all and singular the Covenants and agreements aforesaid, the Said parties bind themselves each unto the other firmly by the presents. In Witness whereof, the said parties have interchangeably set their Hands and Seals hereunto dated the Seventh Day of March Anno Domini One thousand eight Hundred and Twenty Six - Signed Sealed and Delivered } John Davis of Abel In the Presence of } Joseph Holroyd ====== Israel Little } Recorded 15th March 1826} Edward W. Clark } }

page 1 Apprentice indenture dated 1826 John Holroyd to John Davis of Abel		page 2 Apprentice indenture dated 1826 John Holroyd to John Davis of Abel
[APPRENTICESHIP NO. 1321 Vol. III 364-365] 364 John Holroyd This Indenture Witnesseth that John Holroyd Son of Joseph Holroyd of the City of Washington District to of Columbia, hath put himself and by these Presents John Davis of Abel, with the full consent of his Father Joseph Holroyd Doth voluntarily, and of his own free will and accord, put himself apprentice to John Davis of Abel, Plumber of the said City to learn his Art, Trade, and mystery, and after the manner of an apprentices to Serve six years two months & eight day from the day of the date hereof, for ( and during, and to the full end and term after of six years Two Month & eight next ensuing, during all which term the said apprentice his said Master faithfully shall Serve his Secrets keep, his faithful commands every where readily obey ; he shall do no damage to his said Master nor see it done by others without giving notice thereof to his said Master. He shall not waste his said Masters goods, no[r] lend to any. He shall not commit fornication nor contract Matrimony within the said term; He shall not play at cards, dice or any other unlawful game, whereby his said Master may have damage; with his own goods, nor the goods of others, without license from his said Master shall neither buy nor sell; He shall not absent himself day nor night from his Said Masters Service without his leave; nor haunt Ale houses, Taverns, or playhouses, but in all things behave himself as a faithful apprentice ought to do, during the said term. And the said Master shall use utmost of his endeavors to teach or cause to be taught or instructed, the Said Apprentice in the trade or mystery of a Plumber & Brass Founder and procure and provide for him sufficient meat, Drink, clothing, lodging, and washing, fitting for an apprentice during the said term, of six years two months & eight days He shall also send the said apprentice to school at least three months during winter in 365 the above term & the expiration of Said term shall furnish him with Two Suits of Clothing One of Which Shall be New - And for the True performance of all and singular the Covenants and agreements aforesaid, the Said parties bind themselves each unto the other firmly by the presents. In Witness whereof, the said parties have interchangeably set their Hands and Seals hereunto dated the Seventh Day of March Anno Domini One thousand eight Hundred and Twenty Six - Signed Sealed and Delivered } John Davis of Abel In the Presence of } Joseph Holroyd ====== Israel Little } Recorded 15th March 1826} Edward W. Clark } }

Note: John Davis of Abel, born in Newark, Delaware September 27, 1774 - Died 22 January 1853 in the District of Columbia. John Davis first worked in Baltimore and later moved into the District of Columbia about 1800 working as a Master Plumber at the Washington Navy Yard for many years. During the war of 1812 John Davis took all the Navy yard records and other valuable documents in his wagon to Montgomery County for safe keeping when the British burned the Navy Yard. Davis was a Master Mason and a member of Naval Lodge Number 4 . He lived on Capitol Hill--for some years between 10th and 11th Streets, S.E., and later near the Congressional Cemetery. He was a leading member of the Baptist Church. Davis was a member of the old Volunteer Fire Company of Anacostia, D.C., and for many years its treasurer. John Davis was described as of medium height and build, and although having suffered the loss of an eye, is said never to have worn glasses. He and his 2^nd wife Sarah Walker Davis are buried at Congressional Cemetery R55/16 /17. He was twice married and left five children. His second wife Sarah Walker Davis (Sep. 14, 1787 - September 13, 1881). Sarah Walker Davis was 94 at her death.
(The Washington Post, September 13, 1881)


Note: John Davis of Abel, born in Newark, Delaware September 27, 1774 - Died 22 January 1853 in the District of Columbia. John Davis first worked in Baltimore and later moved into the District of Columbia about 1800 working as a Master Plumber at the Washington Navy Yard for many years. During the war of 1812 John Davis took all the Navy yard records and other valuable documents in his wagon to Montgomery County for safe keeping when the British burned the Navy Yard. Davis was a Master Mason and a member of Naval Lodge Number 4 . He lived on Capitol Hill--for some years between 10th and 11th Streets, S.E., and later near the Congressional Cemetery. He was a leading member of the Baptist Church. Davis was a member of the old Volunteer Fire Company of Anacostia, D.C., and for many years its treasurer. John Davis was described as of medium height and build, and although having suffered the loss of an eye, is said never to have worn glasses. He and his 2^nd wife Sarah Walker Davis are buried at Congressional Cemetery R55/16 /17. He was twice married and left five children. His second wife Sarah Walker Davis (Sep. 14, 1787 - September 13, 1881). Sarah Walker Davis was 94 at her death. (The Washington Post, September 13, 1881)

Apprentice indenture dated 1835 of
Thomas Dunlap to Moses Liverpool

[APPRENTICESHIP NO. 1443 Vol. V, I] Thomas Dunlop }We the subscribers Justices of the peace in and for the County of to }Washington in the District of Columbia, have bound and placed Moses Liverpool }by these presents do bind our and place as an apprentice Thomas Dunlop an orphan age five years unto Moses Liverpool a Corker, until he the said Thomas Dunlop shall arrive to age of twenty one years during which time he shall well and truly behave and conduct and demean himself in every respect as good and faithfully apprentice ought to do towards his said Master and the said master shall furnish and provide for his said apprentice good and sufficient meat, drink, clothes, washing, lodging and other requisite necessities during his apprenticeship so cause him to be taught the and art of corking in the different branches thereof and when face so give his said apprentice a Suit of Clothes worth twenty dollars or twenty dollars in current money as his said apprentice may chose - Witness our hands and Seals this Sixteenth day of November eighteen hundred and thirty five - For the Register of Wills for} Nathl Bradey (Seal) Washington County, DC } Edward W. Clark (Seal) (Recorded, November 21st 1835)

Apprentice indenture dated 1835 of Thomas Dunlap to Moses Liverpool
[APPRENTICESHIP NO. 1443 Vol. V, I] Thomas Dunlop }We the subscribers Justices of the peace in and for the County of to }Washington in the District of Columbia, have bound and placed Moses Liverpool }by these presents do bind our and place as an apprentice Thomas Dunlop an orphan age five years unto Moses Liverpool a Corker, until he the said Thomas Dunlop shall arrive to age of twenty one years during which time he shall well and truly behave and conduct and demean himself in every respect as good and faithfully apprentice ought to do towards his said Master and the said master shall furnish and provide for his said apprentice good and sufficient meat, drink, clothes, washing, lodging and other requisite necessities during his apprenticeship so cause him to be taught the and art of corking in the different branches thereof and when face so give his said apprentice a Suit of Clothes worth twenty dollars or twenty dollars in current money as his said apprentice may chose - Witness our hands and Seals this Sixteenth day of November eighteen hundred and thirty five - For the Register of Wills for} Nathl Bradey (Seal) Washington County, DC } Edward W. Clark (Seal) (Recorded, November 21st 1835)

Note: Moses Liverpool a former slave, who bought his freedom and worked for many years at the Washington Navy Yard as a corker. At the Washington Navy Yard the corking trade primarily employed African -Americans. Thomas Dunlop also African -American is a relation of Moses Liverpool's wife Patsey Dunlop Liverpool. Moses Liverpool was leader in the African-American community and 1807 helped found the Bell School, the first school for black children in the District of Columbia. Moses Liverpool's name is on the District of Columbia Tax Book for 1845.


Note: Moses Liverpool a former slave, who bought his freedom and worked for many years at the Washington Navy Yard as a corker. At the Washington Navy Yard the corking trade primarily employed African -Americans. Thomas Dunlop also African -American is a relation of Moses Liverpool's wife Patsey Dunlop Liverpool. Moses Liverpool was leader in the African-American community and 1807 helped found the Bell School, the first school for black children in the District of Columbia. Moses Liverpool's name is on the District of Columbia Tax Book for 1845.

Apprentice indenture dated 1839 of
William M. Padgett to John Easby

[APPRENTICESHIP NO. 1695 Vol. V,224] William M. Padgett } This Indenture made this twelfth day of August 1839 between John to } Mason Padgett, of Montgomery County State of Maryland, of one William Easby } part and William Easby of Washington City D.C. on the other part. Witnesseth that the said John Mason Padgett has placed and bound out his son William Maudy Padgett who on the nineteen day of the present month will be sixteen years of age an apprentice of the William Easby to learn the art, trade and mystery of a ship Carpenter, after the manner of an apprentice the said William Henry Padgett to serve the said William Henry Easby, his heirs and assigns from the date of these presents until the sixteenth day of August 1844 when the said William shall attain the age of twenty one years, during all which time and term the said apprentice shall the said William Easby faithfully serve in all such lawful business as the said William shall be put into by his said master according to the power and ability of him the said William and honestly and obediently in all things shall be have himself towards his said Master and respectfully and r duty towards his said Master and respectfully and or duly towards rest of the family of his said Master on his part doth promise, covenant and agree to teach and instruct the said apprentice or cause him to be taught and instructed onto the art trade or calling of a ship Carpenter by the best way or means he can, and shall find him the said apprentice meat drink and apparel suitable for an apprentice and when he arrives at the age of twenty one years to pay to him in current money of the United States the sum of Thirty dollars - In Testimony whereof the said John Mason Padgett and the Said William Easby have hereunto set in names and of fixed their seals the day and year first herein below written Signed in the presence of [signed] J.M. Padgett (SEAL) Tho Turner J. P. [signed ] Wm. Easby (SEAL) Received 15- Augt 1839

Apprentice indenture dated 1839 of William M. Padgett to John Easby
[APPRENTICESHIP NO. 1695 Vol. V,224] William M. Padgett } This Indenture made this twelfth day of August 1839 between John to } Mason Padgett, of Montgomery County State of Maryland, of one William Easby } part and William Easby of Washington City D.C. on the other part. Witnesseth that the said John Mason Padgett has placed and bound out his son William Maudy Padgett who on the nineteen day of the present month will be sixteen years of age an apprentice of the William Easby to learn the art, trade and mystery of a ship Carpenter, after the manner of an apprentice the said William Henry Padgett to serve the said William Henry Easby, his heirs and assigns from the date of these presents until the sixteenth day of August 1844 when the said William shall attain the age of twenty one years, during all which time and term the said apprentice shall the said William Easby faithfully serve in all such lawful business as the said William shall be put into by his said master according to the power and ability of him the said William and honestly and obediently in all things shall be have himself towards his said Master and respectfully and r duty towards his said Master and respectfully and or duly towards rest of the family of his said Master on his part doth promise, covenant and agree to teach and instruct the said apprentice or cause him to be taught and instructed onto the art trade or calling of a ship Carpenter by the best way or means he can, and shall find him the said apprentice meat drink and apparel suitable for an apprentice and when he arrives at the age of twenty one years to pay to him in current money of the United States the sum of Thirty dollars - In Testimony whereof the said John Mason Padgett and the Said William Easby have hereunto set in names and of fixed their seals the day and year first herein below written Signed in the presence of [signed] J.M. Padgett (SEAL) Tho Turner J. P. [signed ] Wm. Easby (SEAL) Received 15- Augt 1839

Note: Padgett, Joseph M. d. 7 Jan 1865 R44/162
The Evening Star, January 8, 1865 Death of an Old Citizen Mr. Joseph M. Padgett whose serious illness was noticed a few days since, died last night at his residence near the Navy Yard. Mr. Padgett was well known in the 6th Ward and was a prominent member of the Odd Fellows, Masons and the venerable Navy Yard Beneficial Society. His remains will be interred Monday afternoon.
The Evening Star, January 10, 1865 Funeral of Mr. Padgett -- The funeral of the late Joseph M. Padgett took place from his late residence, near the Navy Yard, yesterday afternoon, and was largely attended, besides a large number of friends and relatives of the deceased, the societies of which he was a member were out in large force. After the services of the Episcopal Church had been read by Rev. Mr. Keeling, of Trinity Parish, the remains, which were encased in a handsome coffin, on which was placed the insignia of the orders, were taken to the hearse, the following acting as pall-bearers: Messrs. Smith and McKenny, of the Navy Yard Beneficial Society; Clements and Milburn, of Eastern Lodge; Henry and Weaver, of Columbian Encampment; Hutton and Gibson, of the Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows; and Boyd and Bright of Naval Lodge of Masons; and the cortege proceeded to the Congressional Cemetery in the following order: Navy Yard Beneficial Society; Eastern Lodge, No. 7, I.O.O.F., preceded by Heald's American brass band; Columbian Encampment, No. 1, I.O.O.F.; Grand Lodge, I.O.O.F., Lincoln Hospital band; Washington Naval Lodge, F. and A.M. The services of the Masonic order were conducted by W.M. John A. Foos, and of the Odd Fellows by Chaplain G.N. Grant, of the Grand Lodge.


Note: Padgett, Joseph M. d. 7 Jan 1865 R44/162 The Evening Star, January 8, 1865 Death of an Old Citizen Mr. Joseph M. Padgett whose serious illness was noticed a few days since, died last night at his residence near the Navy Yard. Mr. Padgett was well known in the 6th Ward and was a prominent member of the Odd Fellows, Masons and the venerable Navy Yard Beneficial Society. His remains will be interred Monday afternoon. The Evening Star, January 10, 1865 Funeral of Mr. Padgett -- The funeral of the late Joseph M. Padgett took place from his late residence, near the Navy Yard, yesterday afternoon, and was largely attended, besides a large number of friends and relatives of the deceased, the societies of which he was a member were out in large force. After the services of the Episcopal Church had been read by Rev. Mr. Keeling, of Trinity Parish, the remains, which were encased in a handsome coffin, on which was placed the insignia of the orders, were taken to the hearse, the following acting as pall-bearers: Messrs. Smith and McKenny, of the Navy Yard Beneficial Society; Clements and Milburn, of Eastern Lodge; Henry and Weaver, of Columbian Encampment; Hutton and Gibson, of the Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows; and Boyd and Bright of Naval Lodge of Masons; and the cortege proceeded to the Congressional Cemetery in the following order: Navy Yard Beneficial Society; Eastern Lodge, No. 7, I.O.O.F., preceded by Heald's American brass band; Columbian Encampment, No. 1, I.O.O.F.; Grand Lodge, I.O.O.F., Lincoln Hospital band; Washington Naval Lodge, F. and A.M. The services of the Masonic order were conducted by W.M. John A. Foos, and of the Odd Fellows by Chaplain G.N. Grant, of the Grand Lodge.

Apprentice indenture dated 1813 of
Israel Stewart to Thomas Murray

[APPRENTICSHIP No. 501 Vol. II, 67] Israel Stewart } This Indenture made this eight day of September in the year one to } thousand eight hundred and thirteen Witnesseth that Mary Thomas Murray } Ann Stewart, of the City of Washington, Hath placed and bound out and by these presents Doth place and bind out her son Israel Stewart, who on the second day of March last, was fifteen years of age, as an apprentice to Thomas Murray of the same place, Cooper - to serve him at the said trade until he attain the age of twenty one years. The said Mary Ann Stewart hereby covenants promises and engages with and to the said Thomas Murray that her said son Israel Stewart shall and will, well and punctually dwell with and serve the said Thomas Murray as his apprentice during the whole time or period aforesaid and will not depart therefore without leave - that he will obey all the lawful commands of the said master, will do no act to injure or defraud him but will, in all aspects, conduct and demean himself as a good and faithful apprentice ought to during the time of his service aforesaid. And the said Thomas Murray on his part hereby covenants and agrees with the said Mary Ann Stewart that he will well and sufficiently teach and instruct or cause to be taught and instituted the said apprentice Isreal Stewart his said trade or business of a Cooper will find and provide him sufficient clothing, board, washing, lodging and all other necessities during his time of service - will give him three months night - schooling ever winter during his time of service and when free will give him a good new suit of clothes extra and tools to the amount of ten dollars. In Witness whereof the said parties and also the said Israel Stewart (to testify to his consent hereto) have hereunto set their hands and seals on the day and year first above mention - Signed, sealed and delivered } [signed] Mary A Stewart [Seal] in the presence of } [signed] Thos. Murray [ Seal] W. Smith } his Recorded September the 8th 1813 Isaac X Stewart [Seal] mark

Apprentice indenture dated 1813 of Israel Stewart to Thomas Murray
[APPRENTICSHIP No. 501 Vol. II, 67] Israel Stewart } This Indenture made this eight day of September in the year one to } thousand eight hundred and thirteen Witnesseth that Mary Thomas Murray } Ann Stewart, of the City of Washington, Hath placed and bound out and by these presents Doth place and bind out her son Israel Stewart, who on the second day of March last, was fifteen years of age, as an apprentice to Thomas Murray of the same place, Cooper - to serve him at the said trade until he attain the age of twenty one years. The said Mary Ann Stewart hereby covenants promises and engages with and to the said Thomas Murray that her said son Israel Stewart shall and will, well and punctually dwell with and serve the said Thomas Murray as his apprentice during the whole time or period aforesaid and will not depart therefore without leave - that he will obey all the lawful commands of the said master, will do no act to injure or defraud him but will, in all aspects, conduct and demean himself as a good and faithful apprentice ought to during the time of his service aforesaid. And the said Thomas Murray on his part hereby covenants and agrees with the said Mary Ann Stewart that he will well and sufficiently teach and instruct or cause to be taught and instituted the said apprentice Isreal Stewart his said trade or business of a Cooper will find and provide him sufficient clothing, board, washing, lodging and all other necessities during his time of service - will give him three months night - schooling ever winter during his time of service and when free will give him a good new suit of clothes extra and tools to the amount of ten dollars. In Witness whereof the said parties and also the said Israel Stewart (to testify to his consent hereto) have hereunto set their hands and seals on the day and year first above mention - Signed, sealed and delivered } [signed] Mary A Stewart [Seal] in the presence of } [signed] Thos. Murray [ Seal] W. Smith } his Recorded September the 8th 1813 Isaac X Stewart [Seal] mark

Note: Thomas Murray was for many years the Master Cooper (barrel maker) of the Washington Navy Yard, he is also listed on some records as carpenter The Washington Directory [for 1822] edited by Judah Delano, William Duncan publisher, Washington DC 1822 page 60 states that Thomas Murray, in 1822, was master cooper, at navy yard and that his residence was down the north side of Pennsylvania Ave near the Eastern branch upper bridge Thomas Murray's name also appears on the May 1819 pay listing for salaried employees see http://www.genealogytrails.com/washdc/wny1819.html
Israel Stewart AKA Isaac Stewart was indentured to Thomas Murray by his mother Mary Ann Stewart. Israel Stewart seems to have been known as Isaac Stewart since he makes "his mark" as Isaac yet this indenture listed him as Israel Stewart a year later when his apprenticeship is rescinded [APPRENTICESHIP NO. 558 Vol. II, 101] he is Isaac Stewart.


Note: Thomas Murray was for many years the Master Cooper (barrel maker) of the Washington Navy Yard, he is also listed on some records as carpenter The Washington Directory [for 1822] edited by Judah Delano, William Duncan publisher, Washington DC 1822 page 60 states that Thomas Murray, in 1822, was master cooper, at navy yard and that his residence was down the north side of Pennsylvania Ave near the Eastern branch upper bridge Thomas Murray's name also appears on the May 1819 pay listing for salaried employees see http://www.genealogytrails.com/washdc/wny1819.html Israel Stewart AKA Isaac Stewart was indentured to Thomas Murray by his mother Mary Ann Stewart. Israel Stewart seems to have been known as Isaac Stewart since he makes "his mark" as Isaac yet this indenture listed him as Israel Stewart a year later when his apprenticeship is rescinded [APPRENTICESHIP NO. 558 Vol. II, 101] he is Isaac Stewart.

Release of Apprentice indenture dated 1814 of
Israel Stewart to Thomas Murray

[APPRENTICESHIP NO. 558 Vol. II, 101] Isaac Stewart } This Indenture Witnesseth that, Whereas on the eight day of release App. from } September in the year 1813, by an indenture of that date, Mary } Ann Stewart [illegible] has send Isaac Stewart, with his consent as Thomas Murray } apprentice unto Thomas Murray, Cooper, to serve him as an apprentice unto the age of twenty one years - And the said parties having agreed to rescind the Said indenture for good and sufficient causes now the said Mary Ann Stewart in consideration of the promises and of one dollar to her paid by the said Mary Ann Stewart, doth hereby release, acquit and extricate the said Thomas Murray from all the Covenants and agreements in said indenture and from all liability on account of the same and she also promises and covenants with the said Murray to indemnify fo him for any loss or future responsibility which may arise from the said indenture- The said Thomas Murray, on his part, hereby releases and acquits the said Isaac Stewart from all and any future services and from said indenture and declares him absolutely free and discharged from his apprenticeship. In Witness whereof the said parties here- unto have set their hands & seals this 25th day of November A.D. 1814. Signed sealed & deliv. & in the presence of} her {SEAL} } Mary Ann Stewart MAS [Signed] M Hewitt } mark } Recorded November 25th 1814 } [signed] Thos Murray --- (SEAL)

Release of Apprentice indenture dated 1814 of Israel Stewart to Thomas Murray
[APPRENTICESHIP NO. 558 Vol. II, 101] Isaac Stewart } This Indenture Witnesseth that, Whereas on the eight day of release App. from } September in the year 1813, by an indenture of that date, Mary } Ann Stewart [illegible] has send Isaac Stewart, with his consent as Thomas Murray } apprentice unto Thomas Murray, Cooper, to serve him as an apprentice unto the age of twenty one years - And the said parties having agreed to rescind the Said indenture for good and sufficient causes now the said Mary Ann Stewart in consideration of the promises and of one dollar to her paid by the said Mary Ann Stewart, doth hereby release, acquit and extricate the said Thomas Murray from all the Covenants and agreements in said indenture and from all liability on account of the same and she also promises and covenants with the said Murray to indemnify fo him for any loss or future responsibility which may arise from the said indenture- The said Thomas Murray, on his part, hereby releases and acquits the said Isaac Stewart from all and any future services and from said indenture and declares him absolutely free and discharged from his apprenticeship. In Witness whereof the said parties here- unto have set their hands & seals this 25th day of November A.D. 1814. Signed sealed & deliv. & in the presence of} her {SEAL} } Mary Ann Stewart MAS [Signed] M Hewitt } mark } Recorded November 25th 1814 } [signed] Thos Murray --- (SEAL)

Note: This is an example of the rescinding of an apprentice indenture "for good and sufficient causes" such actions were rare and most were due to the physical inability of one of the parties to perform the agreement. Here there are no specific reasons are provided but we may safely conjecture that the burning of the Washington Navy Yard (by Commodore Thomas Tingey and Clerk Mordecai Booth, less the yard fall to British) was the proximate cause of this revocation of this year old indenture. The War of 1812 resulted in the almost total destruction of the Washington Navy Yard on August 24, 1814 when the navy yard was set ablaze and the resulting conflagration forced the federal government to lay off almost its entire yard workforce of approximately 250 men. The fire destroyed not only the yard but the livelihood of all yard employees and for many their hardship was compounded as they lost their wages and for many their personal tools and possessions which fell victim to the fire too. Prior to the fire there had been as many as fifty apprentices working at Washington Navy Yard ( Letter of Thomas Tingey to the Board of Naval Commissioners dated August 5, 1815) but after the great fire money for wages and salaries was in short supply. Something of the Department of the Navy's tightened circumstances and attitude to the Washington Navy Yard is reflected in this remarkably candid letter from the President of the Board of Navy Commissioners, Commodore John Rodgers to WNY Commandant Thomas Tingey , dated 11 May 1815
It's the intention of the Board of the Navy Commissioners, to reestablish the Navy Yard at this place, to reestablish the Navy Yard at this place, as a building Yard only, & while stating to you this intention, it may not be improper for them to make you acquainted with their views generally with respect to the establishment.
They have witnessed in many of our Navy Yards & this particularly pressure in the employment of characters unsuited for the public service - maimed & unmanageable slaves for the accommodation of distressed widows & orphans & indigent families - apprentices for the accommodation of their masters - & old men & children for the benefit of their families & parents . These practices must cease - none must be employed but for the advantage of the public, & this Yard instead of rendering the navy odious to the nation from the scenes of want & extravagance which it has too long exhibited must serve as a model on which to prefect a general system of economy.
In making to you,- Sir, these remarks the Navy Commissioners are aware that you have with themselves long witnessed the evils of which they complain, & which every countenance will be given to assist you in remedying them, they calculate with confidence on a disposition on your part to forward the public interests.


Note: This is an example of the rescinding of an apprentice indenture "for good and sufficient causes" such actions were rare and most were due to the physical inability of one of the parties to perform the agreement. Here there are no specific reasons are provided but we may safely conjecture that the burning of the Washington Navy Yard (by Commodore Thomas Tingey and Clerk Mordecai Booth, less the yard fall to British) was the proximate cause of this revocation of this year old indenture. The War of 1812 resulted in the almost total destruction of the Washington Navy Yard on August 24, 1814 when the navy yard was set ablaze and the resulting conflagration forced the federal government to lay off almost its entire yard workforce of approximately 250 men. The fire destroyed not only the yard but the livelihood of all yard employees and for many their hardship was compounded as they lost their wages and for many their personal tools and possessions which fell victim to the fire too. Prior to the fire there had been as many as fifty apprentices working at Washington Navy Yard ( Letter of Thomas Tingey to the Board of Naval Commissioners dated August 5, 1815) but after the great fire money for wages and salaries was in short supply. Something of the Department of the Navy's tightened circumstances and attitude to the Washington Navy Yard is reflected in this remarkably candid letter from the President of the Board of Navy Commissioners, Commodore John Rodgers to WNY Commandant Thomas Tingey , dated 11 May 1815 It's the intention of the Board of the Navy Commissioners, to reestablish the Navy Yard at this place, to reestablish the Navy Yard at this place, as a building Yard only, & while stating to you this intention, it may not be improper for them to make you acquainted with their views generally with respect to the establishment. They have witnessed in many of our Navy Yards & this particularly pressure in the employment of characters unsuited for the public service - maimed & unmanageable slaves for the accommodation of distressed widows & orphans & indigent families - apprentices for the accommodation of their masters - & old men & children for the benefit of their families & parents . These practices must cease - none must be employed but for the advantage of the public, & this Yard instead of rendering the navy odious to the nation from the scenes of want & extravagance which it has too long exhibited must serve as a model on which to prefect a general system of economy. In making to you,- Sir, these remarks the Navy Commissioners are aware that you have with themselves long witnessed the evils of which they complain, & which every countenance will be given to assist you in remedying them, they calculate with confidence on a disposition on your part to forward the public interests.

Apprentice indenture dated 1812 of
John Vermillion to George McCauley

[APPRENTICSHIP No. 401 Vol. II, 4-5] John Vermillion } This Indenture Witnesseth that John Vermillion aged 13 to } years on the 5th of February 1812 hath put himself } and by these presents, by and with the consent of George McCauley } his parent doth voluntarily and of his own free will and } accord, put himself apprentice to George McCauley Boat- builder to learn his art, trade and mystery and after the manner of an apprentice, to serve to serve him the said George McCauley his heirs and assigns from the day of the date hereof, for and during and to the full end and term of eight years and one months - next ensuing. During all which term, the said apprentice his said master faithfully shall, serve, his secret keep, his lawful Commands every where readily obey. He shall do no damage to his said master, nor see it done by others, without giving notice thereof to his said master, he shall not waste his said masters goods nor led them unlawfully to any, he shall not commit Fornication nor contract matrimony within the said term, he shall not play at cards at dice, or any other unlawful game, whereby his said master may have damage with his own goods nor the goods of others, without license from his said master, shall neither buy nor sell, he shall not absent himself day or night from his said masters service without his leave, nor haunt Ale-houses, taverns to play - houses, but in service without his leave, but in all things behave himself as a faithful apprentice ought to do during the said term. And the said master shall use the utmost of his endeavors to teach or cause to be taught or instructed the said apprentice in the trade and mystery of Boat building and procure and provide for him sufficient meat, drink, and working apparel, lodging and washing, building for an apprentice, during said term eight years and one month, to give said John Vermillion three quarters nigh schooling. And for the true performance of all and singular the Covenants and agreements aforesaid, the said parties bind themselves each unto the others firmly by these presents. In Witnesses whereof the said parties have interchanged Subscribed & acknowledged ably set their hands and seals hereunto. Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and twelve- Subscribed & Acknowledged before the subscriber } John Vermillion a Justice of the peace for Washn. County District Of Columbia - } 1st Jany. 1812 } George McCauley Joseph Cassin [signed] Recorded the 11th of January 1812 [signed]

Apprentice indenture dated 1812 of John Vermillion to George McCauley
[APPRENTICSHIP No. 401 Vol. II, 4-5] John Vermillion } This Indenture Witnesseth that John Vermillion aged 13 to } years on the 5th of February 1812 hath put himself } and by these presents, by and with the consent of George McCauley } his parent doth voluntarily and of his own free will and } accord, put himself apprentice to George McCauley Boat- builder to learn his art, trade and mystery and after the manner of an apprentice, to serve to serve him the said George McCauley his heirs and assigns from the day of the date hereof, for and during and to the full end and term of eight years and one months - next ensuing. During all which term, the said apprentice his said master faithfully shall, serve, his secret keep, his lawful Commands every where readily obey. He shall do no damage to his said master, nor see it done by others, without giving notice thereof to his said master, he shall not waste his said masters goods nor led them unlawfully to any, he shall not commit Fornication nor contract matrimony within the said term, he shall not play at cards at dice, or any other unlawful game, whereby his said master may have damage with his own goods nor the goods of others, without license from his said master, shall neither buy nor sell, he shall not absent himself day or night from his said masters service without his leave, nor haunt Ale-houses, taverns to play - houses, but in service without his leave, but in all things behave himself as a faithful apprentice ought to do during the said term. And the said master shall use the utmost of his endeavors to teach or cause to be taught or instructed the said apprentice in the trade and mystery of Boat building and procure and provide for him sufficient meat, drink, and working apparel, lodging and washing, building for an apprentice, during said term eight years and one month, to give said John Vermillion three quarters nigh schooling. And for the true performance of all and singular the Covenants and agreements aforesaid, the said parties bind themselves each unto the others firmly by these presents. In Witnesses whereof the said parties have interchanged Subscribed & acknowledged ably set their hands and seals hereunto. Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and twelve- Subscribed & Acknowledged before the subscriber } John Vermillion a Justice of the peace for Washn. County District Of Columbia - } 1st Jany. 1812 } George McCauley Joseph Cassin [signed] Recorded the 11th of January 1812 [signed]

Note: The following two letters give some indication of perspective of the WNY Master Mechanics and Master Boat Builder George McCauley in particular following the burning of the Navy Yard. John Vermillion was fortunate to have the opportunity to complete his long apprenticeship after the burning of the yard, and he is listed in the 1822 Washington Directory as living with his widowed mother Henrietta, and brother Dennis Vermillion, a ship carpenter, at their home at 5 East near Eastern Branch Navy Yard

Washington Navy Yard March 3rd 1817 Sir in the month of September 105 I waited on Mr. Harrison Navy Agent at Philadelphia who informed me there was wanting a Master boatbuilder for the Navy Yard at Washington Mr. Harrison observed that if I would accept the appointment I would have the privilege of taking with me my four Apprentices, observing also that when the Department had a perfect knowledge of my abilities he had nor doubt - but I would Get what I then asked , which was twelve hundred Dollars a year and my house rent paid - on the faith of our Government I accepted the Situation in this Yard as Master boatbuilder expecting from my indefatigable attention to my duty I would be rewarded, Sir the discharging of my two apprentices at this time is A very serious injury to them and my Self - I feel myself in duty bound to teach them their business as I have employment for them to an Advantage to the Department Commodore } Iam very respectfully } Sir your Obedt Servt Th Tingey } George Mc Cauley ============= Navy Yard Wash 4 March 1817 Sir I transmit herewith for information of the Board, and at the request of the Master boat builder - a letter from him to me on the subject of his apprentices, lately dismissed from the yard. I consider it my duty to submit my opinion that - they can also be usefully and profitably employ'd here- As can also, those in the Coopers department; we having a number of large staves to rough , which it would be eligible to have dressed and put under shelter for seasoning - All which is respectfully submitted, for the consideration and decision of the Board. I have the honor to be very respectfully Sir, yr Obedt Servt Comd Jo Rodger Th Tingey


Note: The following two letters give some indication of perspective of the WNY Master Mechanics and Master Boat Builder George McCauley in particular following the burning of the Navy Yard. John Vermillion was fortunate to have the opportunity to complete his long apprenticeship after the burning of the yard, and he is listed in the 1822 Washington Directory as living with his widowed mother Henrietta, and brother Dennis Vermillion, a ship carpenter, at their home at 5 East near Eastern Branch Navy Yard Washington Navy Yard March 3rd 1817 Sir in the month of September 105 I waited on Mr. Harrison Navy Agent at Philadelphia who informed me there was wanting a Master boatbuilder for the Navy Yard at Washington Mr. Harrison observed that if I would accept the appointment I would have the privilege of taking with me my four Apprentices, observing also that when the Department had a perfect knowledge of my abilities he had nor doubt - but I would Get what I then asked , which was twelve hundred Dollars a year and my house rent paid - on the faith of our Government I accepted the Situation in this Yard as Master boatbuilder expecting from my indefatigable attention to my duty I would be rewarded, Sir the discharging of my two apprentices at this time is A very serious injury to them and my Self - I feel myself in duty bound to teach them their business as I have employment for them to an Advantage to the Department Commodore } Iam very respectfully } Sir your Obedt Servt Th Tingey } George Mc Cauley ============= Navy Yard Wash 4 March 1817 Sir I transmit herewith for information of the Board, and at the request of the Master boat builder - a letter from him to me on the subject of his apprentices, lately dismissed from the yard. I consider it my duty to submit my opinion that - they can also be usefully and profitably employ'd here- As can also, those in the Coopers department; we having a number of large staves to rough , which it would be eligible to have dressed and put under shelter for seasoning - All which is respectfully submitted, for the consideration and decision of the Board. I have the honor to be very respectfully Sir, yr Obedt Servt Comd Jo Rodger Th Tingey

[Apprenticeship No. 1929 Vol. V.432 -433] 432 George Bell to Alfred Jones This Indenture made the 21st day of May 1845 by and between Samuel Drury and William Waters two Justices of the Peace of the County of Washington in the District of Columbia of the first part and Alfred Jones of the said County Barber of the other part Witnesseth that the Said Samuel Drury and William Waters as Justices of the Peace aforesaid by virtue of the power and authority to them given in an act of the general assembly passed in November session in the one thousand and ninety of our entitled an act for the better regulation of apprentices have placed and bound out by them presents do so place and bind out as a apprentice George Bell who on the 1st day of October next will of the age of eight years old and son of Emily Bell testified by her sealing and delivering these presents unto the said Alfred Jones to learn the art trade and mystery of the Barbers Business after the manner of an apprentice the said George Bell to dwell with and serve the Said Alfred Jones from the date of these presents unto the 1st day of Oct 1855 when the said George Bell shall attain to the age eighteen years during all which time and then the said George Bell shall the said Alfred Jones well and ~~truly~~ artfully serve in all such lawful business as the said George Bell shall be put unto by his said master according to the power and ability of him the said George Bell and honestly and obediently in things shall behave himself and obediently in all things shall behave himself toward his said master and honestly and orderly towards rest of the family of the said Alfred Jones. And the said Alfred Jones on his part having provided consent and agree to Teach and instruct the said apprentice or cause him to be taught and instructed in the art or trade or calling of a Barber by the best instruction he can and also to teach and instruct the said apprentices or cause him to be taught and instructed to unto the as far as the rule of three if the said apprentice be capable to learn and shall faithfully and shall and faithfully bind and provide for the said apprentice good and sufficient meat drink clothing and other necessities fit for and convenient for such apprentice during the term aforesaid and at the end thereof shall give unto the said apprentice two suits of wearing apparel and one suit for Sundays and the other for working days. In testimony thereof the said Samuel Drury and Alfred Jones have set their hand & seals the day and years first above written Signed Sealed and Delivered } [Signed] Samuel Drury {SEAL} In the Presence of William Waters } [Signed} William Waters {SEAL} Samuel Drury } her Emily X Bell Mark Approved by the Govt and Recorded Jun 4, 1845

Note: Alfred Jones 1816 -1877 born in Virginia he came to Washington from Fredericksburg and about 1836 or 1837 opened a barbershop he later went into grain business the 1850 census for the District of Columbia Roll M432 56 page 21 image 45 describes him as a grain huckster and states his estate is valued at $ 1,000. The 1870 Census for the District of Columbia (Roll M 593 page 184 image 374) which list Alfred Jones as feed dealer and states his personal property is worth $ 20, 000 and his property worth $ 20, 000 making Alfred Jones one of the District of Columbia''s wealthiest African American's. Although not stated George Bell is an African American prior to the Civil War and for long afterward there are no records of whites being apprenticed to black tradesmen
(See Dorothy S. Provine Introduction and page 239).


Note: Alfred Jones 1816 -1877 born in Virginia he came to Washington from Fredericksburg and about 1836 or 1837 opened a barbershop he later went into grain business the 1850 census for the District of Columbia Roll M432 56 page 21 image 45 describes him as a grain huckster and states his estate is valued at $ 1,000. The 1870 Census for the District of Columbia (Roll M 593 page 184 image 374) which list Alfred Jones as feed dealer and states his personal property is worth $ 20, 000 and his property worth $ 20, 000 making Alfred Jones one of the District of Columbia''s wealthiest African American's. Although not stated George Bell is an African American prior to the Civil War and for long afterward there are no records of whites being apprenticed to black tradesmen (See Dorothy S. Provine Introduction and page 239).

Sources & Acknowledgements:

The apprentice indentures transcribed above are all from the District of Columbia Archives These indentures were created and maintained by the District of Columbia Court that handled probate matters and are located in Volumes 2-3 and 5-6. Volume is missing while Volume 1 is in the custody of the National Archives and Record Adminstration Washington DC.
My thanks to Mr. Robert Nelson of the DC Archives who made these documents available provided considerable help and assistance in locating and copying them..
The Board of Naval Commissioners 1 May 1817 letters of 2 July 1817 quoted above are both from the National Archives and Records Administration RG 45
Benjamin Franklin Essays, Articles, Bagnatelles, and Letters Poor Richard's Almanac Autobiography Library of America edited by J.A. Leo Lemay 1987
Provine Dorothy S. District of Columbia Indentures of Apprenticeship 1801 -1893, Willow Bend Books Inc Louisville VA 1998 This excellent book si simply the best one to consult when researching the history of early apprentices and their indentures in the District of Columbia.
Sharp, John G. History of the Washington Navy Yard Civilian Workforce 1799-1962.
Stockton, CA: Vindolanda Press, 2005.
[This volume has full bibliography for most of the works cited in the preface.
[Available online at http://www.history.navy.mil/books/sharp/Washington Navy Yard_History.pdf.